Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Ribeiro Santiago.pdf: 878683 bytes, checksum: fa92e81737bd959f80db702eef438537 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-06 / The present thesis, entitle State of danger: a re-reading under the prism of solidarity, proposes a new understanding of the state of danger, as a defect in the legal business, resulting from the analysis in line with the commandments of social solidarity. For this purpose, the study is composed of seven chapters, namely. In the first chapter, The metamorphosis of modern State as a paradigm of the civil law, there is an analysis, in a introductory, of the context that culminated in the establishment of the Welfare State, and the innovations that this event caused in the Federal Constitution and the Civil Code, emphasizing the social solidarity and the state of danger, listing the major doubts regarding these figures. Already in the second chapter, Legal business and the pillar of the representation of the intent, we discourse, concisely, about the classification of the legal fact, the concept of legal business, their elements of existence, requisites of validity and factors of effectiveness, especially the representation of the intent and their peculiarities. Moreover, the third chapter, State of danger and vices of consent in the era of sociability and ethics, is dedicated to study the generalities of the alluded theme, as well as, XI brief and specifically, the error, malicious fraud, coercion and lesion, providing subsides for drawing a parallel between those defects and the state of danger during the thesis. The fourth chapter, Actual approach of the legal settings of state of danger, deals with the concept of this vice, their essential elements, related institutes, effects, besides bringing allusions about the situation of foreign legislations on that subject, comparing them and the position of the Brazilian legislation. With regard to the fifth chapter, A re-reading of the state of danger thought the optic of the solidarity, we abide by clarifying the content and the nature of the social solidarity, their reflections in the different areas of law, also if this one shall interfere in the comprehension of the state of danger, how it happens and with what consequences. In the sixth chapter, The state of danger in the medical and hospital contracts, we investigate the definition and the most important characteristics of that contractual specie, in addition to the possibility of the incidence of the mentioned vice in these cases, presenting the related doctrine and jurisprudence. In relation to the seventh chapter, Suggestions de lege ferenda, this is a proposal of amendments of the Civil Code about the theme in analysis, from the understanding defended in the present study, culminating in the presentation, in appendix, of a legislative bill. XII Finally, the eighth chapter is a concluding synthesis concerning this theoretical exposition, in which we reaffirm our point of view on the theme. Following that chapter, we ve nominated the bibliographic sources we ve used for the edification of this study / A tese ora exposta, intitulada Estado de perigo: uma releitura sob o prisma da solidariedade, propõe uma nova compreensão do instituto do estado de perigo, enquanto defeito do negócio jurídico, decorrente da sua análise em consonância com os mandamentos da solidariedade social. Nesse desiderato, o trabalho compõe-se de sete capítulos, a saber. No primeiro capítulo, A metamorfose do Estado moderno como paradigma do direito civil, analisa-se, de forma introdutória, o contexto que culminou com a consagração do Estado Social, e as inovações que esse evento ocasionou na Constituição Federal e no Código Civil, em especial na matéria da solidariedade social e do estado de perigo, enumerando as dúvidas acerca de tais figuras. Já no capítulo segundo, Negócio jurídico e o pilar da declaração de vontade, discorremos, resumidamente, acerca da classificação dos fatos jurídicos, conceito dos negócios jurídicos, seus elementos de existência, requisitos de validade e fatores de eficácia, com destaque para a declaração de vontade e suas peculiaridades. Fora isso, o capítulo terceiro, Estado de perigo e vícios do consentimento na era da socialidade e da eticidade, é dedicado ao estudo das noções gerais acerca de tal tema, bem VIII como, sucinta e especificamente, do erro, dolo, coação e lesão, fornecendo subsídios para que se trace um paralelo entre tais defeitos e o estado de perigo no decorrer da tese. O capítulo quarto, Enfoque atual da configuração jurídica do estado de perigo, versa sobre o conceito desse vício, seus elementos essenciais, institutos afins, efeitos, além de alusões à situação de legislações estrangeiras acerca do assunto, comparando-as entre si e com a posição da legislação brasileira. No tocante ao capítulo quinto, Uma releitura do estado de perigo pela ótica da solidariedade, atemo-nos a esclarecer o conteúdo e a natureza da solidariedade social, seus reflexos nas diversas áreas do direito, bem como se esta deve interferir na compreensão do estado de perigo, de que forma e com que consequências. No capítulo sexto, O estado de perigo nos contratos médicos e hospitalares, investigamos a definição e as principais características de tal espécie contratual, assim como a possibilidade de incidência do vício em estudo nesses casos, apresentando a doutrina e a jurisprudência correlatas. Em relação ao sétimo capítulo, Sugestões de lege ferenda, trata-se de uma proposta de alterações do Código Civil sobre o tema em análise, a partir do entendimento defendido no presente estudo, culminando com a apresentação, em apêndice, de um projeto de lei. IX Por fim, o capítulo oitavo é uma síntese conclusiva atinente à presente exposição teórica, na qual reafirmamos nosso posicionamento diante da matéria. Seguindo esse capítulo, colacionamos a lista das fontes bibliográficas utilizadas para a edificação deste trabalho

The aim of this thesis is to summarise the legal framework of states of crisis in legal order of the Czech Republic, to point at the main shortages and provide possible solutions. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter firstly takes a closer look at the general conception of states of crisis defined by legal theory. Then follows the topic of states of crisis and their functioning in ancient Rome, England till the 19th century and in France and Germany during the last 150 years. The second chapter is focused on the types of states of crisis which were known in the previous Czech legal orders. Attention is mainly paid to the state of war and declaration of war. The next part deals with the other historical states of crisis, such as those which arose originally from Austrian Emergency Measures Act, till the legislative proposals antecedent to current Security of the Czech Republic Act. The third chapter is firstly defining current legal terms and analysing states of crisis which are regulated in the Czech legal order. The text starts with the state of danger and then proceeds to the state of emergency, state of threat to the state and to the state of war. The subchapters expound who and under which circumstances, is entitled to declare each single state. The position of selected...

The thesis deals with analysis of current security system in the Czech Republic and, in particular, with the legal framework for the training of state authorities and local governments to manage non-military events. The study and analysis of legislation and the subsequent synthesis of the findings enabled to arrange the chapters into a clearly structured whole. The rights and obligations of the emergency management authorities at the emergency response training and management, the system of security councils and crisis headquarters, activities and the scope of competencies of individual entities providing the emergency response training and management, focusing on the scope and powers of the regional and local administrative bodies, are described. The level of financial security spent by individual institutions on preparation for emergencies management is clearly surveyed. For municipal authorities, a model of a call for the provision of material support and resources at the time of an emergency situation has been suggested, since the large majority of mayors perform this activity voluntarily and without a refund of their salaries (besides their jobs) and they are not fully familiar with the issue. The current security system in the Czech Republic is functioning, and its settings and functionality have been verified in recent years in various emergency situations, without finding significant deficiencies. Yet it is still necessary to optimize the scope, methodology and actions of its components at different levels and in different areas and to consolidate the relevant legislation

The recent breakthroughs in the research of brain trauma as it relates to athletics has revealed never before seen damage linked with football participation. Known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), it is caused by activities inherent to the sport of football. School sponsored football has been granted immunity through case law and legislation in Texas. Recent research however indicates a different type of injury than those that school districts have been protected of liability from. This will provide a challenge to the immunity school districts have enjoyed regarding football. One route to abrogation of immunity is the state created danger provision established by the Supreme Court. The Fifth Circuit Court whose jurisdiction includes Texas has yet to officially adopt the state created danger theory. This research examined legal precedent to determine the challenge CTE may present the various layers of immunity surrounding school sponsored football in Texas.