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This thesis describes a study of the fundamental aspects of banding in steel. The banded structure is simulated by means of layer diffusion couples. Consideration is given to the amount of carbon pre-­segregation that occurs in the austenitic state due to activity differ­ences arising from a non-uniform distribution of alloying elements as well as to the segregation which occurs during subsequent transformation. A new method for the experimental determination of the off-diagonal diffusion coefficients which control the pre-segregation in ternary systems is described. Different cooling rates are used to investigate the contribution of transformation segregation toward the final structure. The effect of cooling rates on the final structure is investigated metallographically. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

When fastener holes are made in structural beams, the Canadian Steel Design Code CAN/CSA-S16.01 -Clause 14.1 (CSA, 2003) states that no deduction in flexural strength is needed for holes up to 15% of the gross flange area. This clause was established many years ago, however, over the years the mechanical characteristics of structural steel have changed. This research study focused on the effects of flange holes on the flexural behavior of steel I-beams made of ASTM A992 steel. This study was conducted primarily based on an experimental investigation involving 25 beam specimens. Holes of various diameters, ranging from 0% to 48% of the gross flange area were laid by drilling holes (a) in the midspan of the tension flange and (b) in the midspan of both the tension and compression flanges. Additionally, beams having holes with fasteners (snug tight) were performed. Based on the test results, this study recommended a design approach, which is analogous to an axial tension member provision as per the current CAN/CSA-S16.01 (CSA, 2003) standard. Accordingly, the effects of holes on the flexural strength can be ignored if the gross-section plastic moment is greater than a modified net-section fracture moment hence, beam members shall be designed to carry the gross-section plastic moment. Otherwise, the beam members shall be designed to carry the modified net-section fracture moment. The comparison of the recommended procedure with the 15% exemption rule as per current steel standard S16.01 (CSA, 2003) demonstrated that the current code provision is unnecessarily conservative for steel grades such as A992 steel. On the other hand, the current provision may be more conservative for high strength steels such as HSLA 80 steel, ASTM A913 Grade 60 and HPS-485W having a minimum yield-to-ultimate strength ration value of more than 0.85. The analytical portion of the research study involved the application of nonlinear finite element method to verify and comprehend the experimental results. The analytical study was conducted using ADINA FE program. The test beams were modeled using 4-node shell element that includes both geometric and material nonlinearities. The material model utilized in the FE analysis was developed based on the experimental-numerical simulation of standard tensile coupons. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p> The major emphasis of this paper concerns the location of Stelco 1 s Lake Erie Works at Nanticoke. The paper puts into perspective Stelco's decision to build a new integrated steel works. Stelco had to increase its capacity by an estimated six-million tons to ensure its competitiveness up to the year 2000. Hilton Works could at best only produce a five and a half to six million ton annual capacity and had no room available to expand its operation. </p> <p> Stelco therefore set out on an intense search to find a suitable location to develop a new integrated steel plant. Nanticoke Ontario, on the north shore of Lake Erie, was finally chosen as the site. Overall, the differences between Hamilton and Nanticoke are small and it was chiefly the space available and better labour relations at Nanticoke that influenced Stelco's choice of location. Construction of Lake Erie Works began in 1974 and the first phase was completed in 1980. </p> / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy

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