This master´s thesis is deal with design of steel structure of exhibition gallery. Layout od building is three-arm star, where each arm is rectangular with dimensions 6 x 18 m and arm has two floors. All three arms are connected to the hexagonal prism (space frame), which is on the second floor walkway and covered skylight. Maximum building height is 11.28 meters from the finished grade. The main structure of building is created by twelve frame in cross direction. The roof is flat. The surface of facade is glass created by aluminium structure.

The aim the diploma thesis is the design and the assessment of the main structure of the shopping centre in the Hradec Králové. The shape of the construction is the cylindrical hall with dimensions 120 x 32 m. The structure is formed by lattice trusses, solid purlins, columns and composite construction. The model of the structure and some calculations were provided by the program Dlubal RFEM.

Performing optimization of structures is always of great interest. There are several different ways to optimize steel structures. Today, several companies are having difficulties with their cable drums during transport. Cable drums with full cable load become heavy and make it difficult to transport. This paper aims to examine existing published research and approaches, with a focus on steel optimization. This paper has two research objectives, the first one is to examine the possibilities for optimizing cable drums in terms of mass without compromising load capacity or yield stress. The second question is to determine how much of the weight/mass of cable drums may be reduced via optimization. To optimize it, measurements, cable drum modeling, research studies, and connecting suitable software's will be carried out in this paper. Participation Action Research and Reverse Engineering methodologies were implemented in combination. A literature review was performed to get a deeper understanding of the methods. A systematic literature review was done to identify available approaches and techniques for structural steel optimization. In order to optimize the cable drum, Excel and Autodesk Inventor were connected through Visual Basic Applications (VBA). The optimization process workflow acted with a server and two clients, where Excel acted as the server and Autodesk Inventor and MATLAB acted as clients. It was found that this was a suitable method for optimizing the cable drum were to work with an optimization process that included connecting a server with clients. The MATLAB function fmincon was applied with both interior-point algorithm and Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP). The optimal design variables for the cable drum were established, and the objective minimization was accomplished by reducing the cable drum mass of 2495.20 kg. The cable drums mass was minimized to 101.86 kg. The literature review was systematically conducted to find available approaches and methods for structural steel optimization. The combination of Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Reverse Engineering (RE) was ideal for this project since it enabled both approaches to gather data on cable drum capacity and alternative optimization strategies.The schematic optimization workflow was appropriate to apply throughout the implementation phase. The workflow gave the user complete control over the optimization process, and the automated process saved time and was simple to adapt.

Understanding the true behaviour of impacted structures is the only way to assess their robustness under exceptional events such as vehicle collision. The primary objective of this master’s thesis was to perform a finite element parametric investigation on the influence that some parameters have in steel buildings subjected to vehicle impacts. The parameters chosen for the study, involved uncertainties in the material definition and in the load configuration of the bolts used in the impacted column end-connections. By using the Abaqus software, a finite element model of the structure has been created. The five storey steel building considered has been modelled in a simplified manner with the exception of the impacted area which, instead, has been defined in a more detailed fashion. During the simulations, different preload conditions have been used, comparing cases with and without the preload force. Regardless its variation, it has not been observed any increase in the structural resistance. On the other hand, the simulation provided interesting results for what concerns the material variations in the bolts. Although the changes have been small in magnitude, the effect on the structural response during the impact was remarkable. For all the cases considered, an increase of the material ductility, achieved by increasing the ultimate strain at failure, entailed higher resistance of the connections. Various failure modes have been observed when the material properties have been changed. Having clarified the influence of the assumptions made, the results provided helpful information in sight of future studies. Although the model still needs to be validated, the research clarified which of the parameters investigated are to be collected with more attention. Keywords: Vehicle collision, steel building, FE model, Abaqus/Explicit, parametric investigation, bolt preload, bolt material.

The subject of the diploma thesis is the design and structural assessment of the load-bearing steel structure of the airport terminal located in Pardubice. Te project is designed in two variants. The dimensions of the foor plan are 83,2x54,295 m. The maximum height of the terminal is 14,662 m.The load-bearing structure consist of a eleven spatial frames at an axial distance of 8,0 m. The spacial rigidity of the structure is ensured by a system of sway and longitudinal bracings.

The task of my master´s thesis was to work up a project and a check of a bearing steel construction the multi-storey office building with a garage in Brno. The building is composed of five storey office section and two storey of garage. Ground dimension of administrative part is 38,8m x 35m with distance of pillars 7m,6m and 6,4m. The structural height of floor is 3,5m.Garage is designed with dimensions 36m x 24,8m with structural height of floor 3,5m. Distance of pillars is 5,6m, 6,4m and 7,8m.Total height building is 17,5m

The aim of the diploma thesis is to design and assessment of the steel structure of shopping mall, which is situated in Brno. Three variants were processed, from which one was selected for more detailed processing. Variants have hexagonal floor plan with maximum dimension 60,0 m, four floors and same structural solution. They differ in plan of secondary beams and columns, in floor plan of glass atrium and used cross-sections. Building´s load-bearing structure consists of pin-supported columns, primary beams, secondary beams and purlins. Rigidity of the structure is enshured by system of vertical bracings and in horizontal direction by composite slab. The structure elements are made of steel S355, except secondary beams, which are made of steel S235.

[pt] A obtenção de estruturas mais resistentes e rígidas, e economicamente viáveis, é uma preocupação cada vez maior na construção civil. Sob essa ótica, este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento de pilares mistos de seção composta através de uma modelagem numérica. Foram estudados dois tipos de seções, uma composta por dois perfis I laminados, e outra por dois perfis U enrijecidos, em ambos os casos conectados por perfis I e preenchidos com concreto armado. Com o uso do software ABAQUS, foi avaliado o comportamento estrutural dos elementos submetidos a carregamentos de flexão, compressão e flexo-compressão. O modelo foi validado através da comparação com dados experimentais de estudos anteriores e resultados previstos pela norma técnica brasileira, conseguindo representar adequadamente o comportamento das curvas momento-deslocamento e força-deslocamento. As resistências obtidas a partir dos modelos numéricos foram superiores aos valores esperados pela solução teórica, principalmente no carregamento de compressão. De modo a avaliar a viabilidade econômica do sistema misto proposto, foi realizado o dimensionamento de um galpão industrial, que evidenciou ganho significativo de inércia em relação a um sistema composto apenas por perfis de aço, resultando em uma economia de até 11 por cento na massa equivalente em aço. Por fim, desenvolveu-se um estudo paramétrico para investigar a influência do número de conectores, da sua disposição, da resistência do concreto e do diâmetro da armadura na resistência do pilar. / [en] A growing concern in civil construction is to obtain structures that are more resistant, rigid and economically feasible. This study aims to evaluate the behavior of steel-concrete columns of composite section, through numerical modeling. The studied cross-sections were composed of two rolled I profiles, and other with C-lip channels, connected by I profiles, and filled with reinforced concrete. The ABAQUS software was used to evaluate the structural behavior of the columns subjected to flexural, compression and eccentric compression loads. The model was calibrated through experimentally obtained data from previous studies, and results provided by the Brazilian National Standards, and it was able to properly reproduce the moment-displacement and load-displacement curves. The obtained resistances from the numerical models were greater than the ones expected by the theoretical solution, especially under compression load. In order to evaluate the economic feasibility of the proposed composite model, a design example of an industrial shed was conducted, and it showed a significant increase in moment of inertia when compared to steel-only box sections, which resulted in savings of up to 11 percent in equivalent mass of steel. Finally, a parametric study was made to investigate the influence of the number and disposition of the connectors, and the contribution of the concrete resistance and reinforcement s diameter in the strength of the columns.

En i dagsläget vanlig byggteknik i Sverige är användandet av en stålstomme i kombination medprefabricerade betonghåldäck. Detta arbete grundar sig på frågeställningen om KL-träbjälklag skullekunna vara ett reellt alternativ till betongbjälklag i en sådan konstruktion, i kombination medhattbalkar. Som ett första steg skisserades en typkonstruktion för att ha en väl definierad utgångspunkt för enanalys. Utgångspunkten för denna typkonstruktion var främst en studie av två tidigare konstruktioner,konstruerade med stålstomme med hattbalkar och håldäcksbjälklag. Litteraturstudien fokuserade påbakomliggande teorier i relation till bjälklagets funktion i konstruktionen. Ett antal områdendefinierades som utgångspunkt för en teknisk utvärdering. Dessa områden var spännvidder,dimensionering i brottgränstillståndet, dimensionering i bruksgränstillståndet, knutpunkter,dimensionering för olyckslaster, akustik och byggbarhet. Utgående från ovanstående områdenutvärderades så tekniska förutsättningar för användandet av KL-träbjälklag i den aktuellakonstruktionstypen. Det konstaterades att det på många områden finns väl fungerande lösningar ochatt det finns många positiva aspekter med ett lätt och lättmonterat KL-träbjälklag. De problemområdensom hittats kan sammanfattas som: 1. Begränsad spännvidd 2. Ökade horisontella deformationer i bjälklaget 3. Beräkning av svängningar med hänsyn till upplag på stålbalkar 4. Förband mellan bjälklag och hattbalkar 5. Akustisk dimensionering Två av dessa områden valdes för vidare analys; förband mellan bjälklag och hattbalkar samt denbegränsade spännvidden. För förbandet utvecklades en lösning med en klack på hattbalkens fläns ikombination med en slits i KL-träskivan som enkelt ska kunna hakas på vid montage. För att ta krafterlängs balkens längd måste dock lösningen sedan kompletteras med ett skruvförband genombalkflänsen. Förhoppningen är att en enklare lösning för att ta dessa förhållandevis små krafter skakunna utvecklas som komplement till det primära förbandet med klack och slits. Handberäkningarutfördes för det utvecklade förbandet och det konstaterades att det är möjligt att utforma ett sådantförband, med rimliga dimensioner, för alla verkande laster. Som den sista delen av arbetet studerades lösningar för att kunna uppnå längre spännvidder, för ettplattbjälklag är spännvidden begränsad till något mindre än 7,7m. Olika typer av samverkansbjälklagstuderades och det konstaterades att samverkan med ett prefabricerat betongbjälklag med en limmadförbindelse skulle kunna vara en lämplig lösning. Limmade förbindelser studerades så mer ingåendeoch det konstaterades att en limmad förbindelse mellan trä och prefabricerad betong medför storstyrka och styvhet. Upp mot 100% samverkan har observerats för samverkansbjälklag med denna typav förbindelse. En osäkerhetsfaktor är dock långtidseffekter, där fler studier behöver hittas ellerutföras för att få en större kunskap på området. Handberäkningar utfördes enligt teorin i SS-EN 1995-1-1 på två typer av samverkansbjälklag med ett antal olika dimensioner. I beräkningarna medräknades100% samverkansgrad. Det konstaterades att 9m spännvidd skulle kunna uppnås med en kombinationav KL-trä och betong, medan 12m spännvidd kan uppnås med hjälp av mellanliggande träreglar. Andraberäkningsmodeller för svängningar där egenfrekvensen inte är den begränsande faktorn skulle kunna leda till bättre resultat för denna typ av samverkansbjälklag. / A currently common building technology in Sweden is the use of a steel structure in combination withprefabricated HD/F concrete slabs. This work is based on the issue of whether CLT slabs could be asuitable alternative to concrete slabs in such a structure, in combination with the type of weldedplated beams that are often called hat beams. As a first step a type-structure was sketched to have a well-defined starting point for an analyze. Thebasis for this structure was mainly a study of two designs constructed with steel structures composedof hat beams and HD/F slabs. The literature study was focused on underlying theories in relation to theslabs function in the structure. A number of areas were defined as a basis for an evaluation of thebuilding type. These areas where spans, design in the ultimate limit state, design in the serviceabilitylimit state, joints, design for accidental actions, acoustics and constructability. Based on the above,technical conditions for the use of CLT slabs in the building type in question were evaluated. It wasfound that in many areas there were working solutions, and that there are many positive aspectsrelated to the use of a light and easily mounted CLT slab. The issues that were found can be concluded as: 1. Limited span lengths 2. An increase of horizontal deformations in the slab 3. Calculations of vibrations with respect to the flexible support 4. Joints between slabs and hat beams 5. Acoustic design Two of these issues were chosen for further analysis: joints between slabs and beams and the limitedspan length. A solution was developed for the joint, composed of a heel on the flange of the steelbeam in combination with a slit in the CLT slab. The joint is supposedly easy to mount during assembly.To be able to handle the forces along the length of the beam the solution must however becomplemented with a secondary screw joint through the flange of the beam. The hope is that a simplersolution to handle these relatively small forces can be developed, as complement to the primary jointmade up of the heel and slit. Calculations were performed by hand for the developed joint and it wasfound that it is possible to design such a joint, with reasonable dimensions, for all the acting loads. As the last part solutions to achieve longer spans were studied, for a flat CLT slab the span length islimited to somewhat less than 7,7m. Different types of composite slabs were studied and it was notedthat a composite with a prefabricated concrete slab and a glued connection could be a suitablesolution. Glued connections were then studied more closely, and I was found that a glued connectionbetween wood and prefabricated concrete entails great strength and rigidity. About 100% unitedaction has been observed for this type of connection. An uncertain factor is however long-term effectswhere further studies need to be found or performed to achieve more knowledge. Hand calculationswere performed using the theory in SS-EN 1995-1-1 on two types of composite slabs for a couple ofdifferent dimensions. In the calculations 100% united action was used. It was found that 9m span couldbe achieved with the combined action of CLT and concrete, while 12m could be achieved using woodenstuds for spacing. Other theories for the calculations where the natural frequency isn’t the limiting factor could lead to better results for this kind of composite slabs.

Apresenta-se neste trabalho um estudo sobre o comportamento de estruturas de pórticos preenchidos por painéis de alvenaria submetidos a ações horizontais, considerando a contribuição de alvenaria na rigidez global da estrutura. Este estudo envolveu uma série de ensaios experimentais como protótipos de aço em escala real utilizando-se blocos celular autoclavados; a macromodelagem numérica pelo método dos elementos finitos; a aplicação do conceito da diagonal equivalente; e a realização de um estudo paramétrico, considerando-se pórticos com diferentes relações altura/comprimento, visando à obtenção de recomendações práticas para análise de pórticos preenchidos. Essas recomendações são apresentadas na forma de uma proposta para determinação da carga de ruptura em painéis de pórticos preenchidos com alvenaria, utilizando-se o modelo de bielas e tirantes. Os resultados obtidos com a aplicação desta proposta foram comparados com os dos modelos experimentais e teóricos disponíveis na literatura, comprovando-se a eficiência e praticidade em sua utilização. / This work presents a study of the behavior of masonry infilled frames structures, subjected to horizontal actions, regarding the contribution of the masonry to the structure global stiffening. The study consists of tests, in real size, in steel frames infilled with structural blocks of autoclaved aerated concrete; of the macromodeling using the finite element method; of the application of the concept of equivalnet diagonal struts and of the realization of a parametric study, regarding frames with different ratios height/length, aiming to get design recommendations for the analysis of infilled frames. These recommendations are presented as a proposal for determining the cracking load in panels of infilled frames with masonry. utilizing the strut-and-tie model. The results obtained with this proposal are compared with tests and predictions derived from approximate theoretical analyses, proving the efficiency and practicality in their utilization.