Abstract The value of cold press soya bean oil cake (CPSBOC) as the source of protein in beef cattle was evaluated. CPSBOC was included in the diets of beef weaners at different levels i.e. 0%, 6%, 13% and 20%. The control diet contained cotton seed oil cake (CSOC) as a protein source. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous. A total of 40 weaners (20 heifers and 20 steers) at an average weight of 192.3 ± 20 kg were used. The experiment was a randomized block design with ten replicates per treatment and was conducted over 98 days. The group mass of the steers (700 ± 7.80 kg) was significantly heavier when compared with the heifers (6480 ± 7.80 kg). The average daily gain (ADG) (1.5 ± 2.72) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (5.5 ± 0.051) of the steers was significantly better than the heifers (1.35 ± 2.72 and 5.7 ± 0.051, respectively) while the steers consume more feed (8.2 ± 14.4 kg) per day as compared to the 7.4 ± 14.4 kg consumed by heifers. The weaners that were fed the diet containing 6% and 13% inclusion of CPSBOC grew significantly better than the other treatments. According to this study, an inclusion level of CPSBOC of between 6 and 13% will yield suitable growth in feedlot cattle. More research is needed to determine the optimum inclusion level of CPSBOC.

Abstract The value of cold press soya bean oil cake (CPSBOC) as the source of protein in beef cattle was evaluated. CPSBOC was included in the diets of beef weaners at different levels i.e. 0%, 6%, 13% and 20%. The control diet contained cotton seed oil cake (CSOC) as a protein source. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous. A total of 40 weaners (20 heifers and 20 steers) at an average weight of 192.3 ± 20 kg were used. The experiment was a randomized block design with ten replicates per treatment and was conducted over 98 days. The group mass of the steers (700 ± 7.80 kg) was significantly heavier when compared with the heifers (6480 ± 7.80 kg). The average daily gain (ADG) (1.5 ± 2.72) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (5.5 ± 0.051) of the steers was significantly better than the heifers (1.35 ± 2.72 and 5.7 ± 0.051, respectively) while the steers consume more feed (8.2 ± 14.4 kg) per day as compared to the 7.4 ± 14.4 kg consumed by heifers. The weaners that were fed the diet containing 6% and 13% inclusion of CPSBOC grew significantly better than the other treatments. According to this study, an inclusion level of CPSBOC of between 6 and 13% will yield suitable growth in feedlot cattle. More research is needed to determine the optimum inclusion level of CPSBOC.

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The question of which sex of cattle to feed is a basic economic decision which must be made by feeders. An economic analysis of costs and returns associated with feeding steers in comparison to heifers would give feeders some assistance in making this decision. The objectives of this study were to make an economic analysis of feeding a pen of steers and a pen of heifers in a feedlot, then determine the break- even prices for feeder cattle which would make the feeder indifferent to whether he fed steers or heifers , and finally to develop a decision model that could be used by feeders to evaluate this decision for their feedlots. Steers gain faster and more economically than do heifers . Steers, however, must be fed from 40 to 60 days longer in order to reach the quality standards of the choice grade. Steers reach the market at heavier weights both as fat cattle and carcasses. On the other hand heifers sell for less per pound as feeders and finish earlier in the feedlot. A graphical decision model was derived which will a id any given feedlot manager in making the decision of which sex would return more profit. This model allows one to plot the break- even prices and price spreads of feeder steers and heifers . The current market prices of feeder cattle on any given day can be compared to the model , and a decision made as to which sex is most profitable. The break-even spread in feeder cattle prices between steers and heifers gets wider as the price of feeder cattle increases. This explains the wide spread when feeder cattle are selling around 38-40 cents per pound.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:38:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 abba_mg_me_botfmvz.pdf: 1923585 bytes, checksum: d645e9211eb4ff458af0d7ba8fcf5468 (MD5) / Estudamos comparativamente a avaliação do ganho de peso corpóreo, altura da cernelha, características da carcaça e qualidade da carne em bezerros submetidos à castração pelos métodos de burdizzo e Barburtsyan (castração russa). Foram utilizados 48 animais, gerados de coito natural, nascidos de parto eutócico, com idades entre 01 e 15 dias, provenientes de: fêmeas Nelore X touro ½ Simental ½ Nelore (NS), e vacas ¾ Nelore + ¼ Simental X touros das raças Limousin (LN); Brangus (BN) e Simental (SN).Após exame clínico os animais, considerados hígidos, foram distribuídos, em número de 12 por grupo (4 NS, 3 LN, 3 BN e 2 SN), randomicamente na composição dos quatro grupos experimentais a saber: grupo um (G1), machos orquiectomizados pelo método da castração russa; grupo dois (G2), o mesmo do grupo G1 acrescido, a partir do 4o. mês de idade, da administração, mês-a-mês, pela via subcutânea, de 10 mL de modificador orgânico (Modificador Orgânico Leivas Leite ®); grupo três (G3), controle; grupo quatro (G4), animais castrados com burdizzo, aos 13 meses de idade. Todos os bezerros receberam aleitamento natural até o 7o. mês e as avaliações, de ganho de peso corpóreo e altura foram feitas, cada 30 dias, até o abate que ocorreu quando os animais atingiram 19 meses de idade.As características observadas após o abate foram: peso da carcaça quente (PCQ), escore de acabamento de gordura (EAG), pH da carcaça resfriada (pHC) área de olho de lombo (AOL), espessura da gordura do músculo “longissimus dorsi” (EG) e maciez da carne (MC).Os resultados revelaram que: no ganho de peso e crescimento dos animais não houve diferença significativa (P=0,10) entre os grupos; na análise da maciez da carne, realizada pelo método de Warner Bratzler, o G2 apresentou melhor resultado. / We comparativily study the evaluation of corporeal weight profit whiters height, carcass characteristics and meat quality in steers submitted to castration for the methods of Burdizzo and Barburtsyan (Russian castration); 48 animals, generated of natural coitus had been used, born of natural childbirth, with ages between 01 and 15 days, proceeding from: females Nelore X bull ½ Simental ½ Nelore (NS), and cows ¾ Nelore + ¼ Simental X bulls of the Limousin races (LN); Brangus (BN) and Simental (SN) After clinical examination the animals, considered sanitaries, had been distributed, in number of 12 for group (4 NS, 3 LN, 3 BN and 2 SN),, at random, in the composition of four experimental groups to know: group one (G1), males orchiectomyzed for the method of the Russian castration; group two (G2), the same of the G1 group increased of administration,, from 4o. month of age, month by month, for the subcutaneous way, of 10 mL of organic modifier (Organic Modifier Leivas Leite ®); group three (G3), control; group four (G4), animals castrated with burdizzo, in 13 months of age. All steers had sucked natural milk until 7o. month and evaluations, of corporeal weight and height profit had been made, each 30 days, until slaughter, that occurred when animals had reached 19 months of age. The characteristics observed after slaughter had been: hot carcass weight (PCQ), fat finishing props up (EAG), cooled carcass pH (pHC) loin beef eye area (AOL), thickness of “longissimus dorsi” muscle fat (EG) and meat tenderness (MC). The results had disclosed that: in weight and growth profit of the animals it did not have significant difference (P = 0,10) between the groups; in the analysis of meat tenderness, carried through the method of Warner Bratzler, the G2 presented better results.

Standing on the threshold of a new decade, Texas agriculture is faced with three major problems. The first of these problems is the imperative need for a sound soil and water conservation program. Texas has been struggling with this problem for fifty years and has made some progress toward its solution. During the war, however, it was an all-out production of food regardless of cost, either in terms of dollars or resources. As a result, the conservation problem is more acute today than ever before. The second problem is that farm production is out of balance. Lucrative prices for oil and grain crops, plus the increasing shortage of farm labor, turned thousands of farmers from the more stable diversified farm program which had been built up during the '30s. Now, they are again faced with quotas and acreage allotments. This calls for necessarily early and probably extensive readjustment of the entire agricultural production program. The third major change in the agricultural picture is the rapid industrialization of Texas during and since the war. This increase in urban population in this state means an increased market right at the farmer's door for more livestock, dairy, poultry, fruit, and vegetable production. Fortunately, the solution of these three problems is found in one answer. Pasture grass, forage crops, and legumes provide the best means of soil and water conservation and soil building. Inclusion of these crops in a diversified and balanced cropping program will solve the problem of marketing quotas and acreage allotments. Marketing through livestock will provide the abundance of these foods which is needed to meet the growing demands of Texas markets.

We hypothesized that supplementing finishing diets with palm oil would elevate Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity in muscle and subcutaneous (s.c.) adipose tissue, promoting adipocyte differentiation and increase monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in beef, particularly oleic acid. Soybean oil supplementation was used as a negative control. Eighteen Angus steers were assigned randomly to three groups of 6 steers and fed a basal diet without additional fat, with 3% palm oil (rich in palmitic acid), or with 3% soybean oil (rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids), top dressed daily. There were no significant differences across treatment in quality grade, REA, 12th rib fat thickness, or yield grade. Palm oil tended to increase marbling score (P = 0.33). Palm oil supplementation decreased the concentration of myristic acid (P = 0.04), and tended to decrease the concentration of t10, c12 CLA (P = 0.07) and 18:3n-3 (P = 0.06) in s.c. adipose tissue while soybean supplementation increased c9, t11 CLA (P = 0.02) and 18:3n-3 (P = 0.03) in muscle. Palm oil supplementation increased both glucose and acetate incorporation into total lipids of s.c. adipose tissue (both P = 0.03). Volume of s.c. adipocytes was greater in cattle supplemented with palm oil than in soybean- supplemented cattle (P = 0.004). Enzyme activity of G-6-PDH tended to be greater in steers consuming palm oil supplement (P = 0.10). We conclude that there was a partial interaction between palm oil supplementation and adipocyte differentiation. Palm oil supplementation increased s.c. adipocyte content without deteriorating meat quality traits and tended to increase marbling.

Orientador: Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente / Resumo: Estudamos comparativamente a avaliação do ganho de peso corpóreo, altura da cernelha, características da carcaça e qualidade da carne em bezerros submetidos à castração pelos métodos de burdizzo e Barburtsyan (castração russa). Foram utilizados 48 animais, gerados de coito natural, nascidos de parto eutócico, com idades entre 01 e 15 dias, provenientes de: fêmeas Nelore X touro ½ Simental ½ Nelore (NS), e vacas ¾ Nelore + ¼ Simental X touros das raças Limousin (LN); Brangus (BN) e Simental (SN).Após exame clínico os animais, considerados hígidos, foram distribuídos, em número de 12 por grupo (4 NS, 3 LN, 3 BN e 2 SN), randomicamente na composição dos quatro grupos experimentais a saber: grupo um (G1), machos orquiectomizados pelo método da castração russa; grupo dois (G2), o mesmo do grupo G1 acrescido, a partir do 4o. mês de idade, da administração, mês-a-mês, pela via subcutânea, de 10 mL de modificador orgânico (Modificador Orgânico Leivas Leite ®); grupo três (G3), controle; grupo quatro (G4), animais castrados com burdizzo, aos 13 meses de idade. Todos os bezerros receberam aleitamento natural até o 7o. mês e as avaliações, de ganho de peso corpóreo e altura foram feitas, cada 30 dias, até o abate que ocorreu quando os animais atingiram 19 meses de idade.As características observadas após o abate foram: peso da carcaça quente (PCQ), escore de acabamento de gordura (EAG), pH da carcaça resfriada (pHC) área de olho de lombo (AOL), espessura da gordura do músculo "longissimus dorsi" (EG) e maciez da carne (MC).Os resultados revelaram que: no ganho de peso e crescimento dos animais não houve diferença significativa (P=0,10) entre os grupos; na análise da maciez da carne, realizada pelo método de Warner Bratzler, o G2 apresentou melhor resultado. / Abstract: We comparativily study the evaluation of corporeal weight profit whiters height, carcass characteristics and meat quality in steers submitted to castration for the methods of Burdizzo and Barburtsyan (Russian castration); 48 animals, generated of natural coitus had been used, born of natural childbirth, with ages between 01 and 15 days, proceeding from: females Nelore X bull ½ Simental ½ Nelore (NS), and cows ¾ Nelore + ¼ Simental X bulls of the Limousin races (LN); Brangus (BN) and Simental (SN) After clinical examination the animals, considered sanitaries, had been distributed, in number of 12 for group (4 NS, 3 LN, 3 BN and 2 SN),, at random, in the composition of four experimental groups to know: group one (G1), males orchiectomyzed for the method of the Russian castration; group two (G2), the same of the G1 group increased of administration,, from 4o. month of age, month by month, for the subcutaneous way, of 10 mL of organic modifier (Organic Modifier Leivas Leite ®); group three (G3), control; group four (G4), animals castrated with burdizzo, in 13 months of age. All steers had sucked natural milk until 7o. month and evaluations, of corporeal weight and height profit had been made, each 30 days, until slaughter, that occurred when animals had reached 19 months of age. The characteristics observed after slaughter had been: hot carcass weight (PCQ), fat finishing props up (EAG), cooled carcass pH (pHC) loin beef eye area (AOL), thickness of "longissimus dorsi" muscle fat (EG) and meat tenderness (MC). The results had disclosed that: in weight and growth profit of the animals it did not have significant difference (P = 0,10) between the groups; in the analysis of meat tenderness, carried through the method of Warner Bratzler, the G2 presented better results. / Mestre