Faraday rotation is a valuable tool for detecting magnetic fields. Here, the technique is considered in relation to wind-blown bubbles. In the context of spherical winds with azimuthal or split monopole stellar magnetic field geometries, we derive maps of the distribution of position angle (P.A.) rotation of linearly polarized radiation across projected bubbles. We show that the morphology of maps for split monopole fields are distinct from those produced by the toroidal field topology; however, the toroidal case is the one most likely to be detectable because of its slower decline in field strength with distance from the star. We also consider the important case of a bubble with a spherical sub-volume that is field-free to approximate crudely a “swept-up” wind interaction between a fast wind (or possibly a supernova ejecta shell) overtaking a slower magnetized wind from a prior state of stellar evolution. With an azimuthal field, the resultant P.A. map displays two arc-like features of opposite rotation measure, similar to observations of the supernova remnant G296.5+10.0. We illustrate how P.A. maps can be used to disentangle Faraday rotation contributions made by the interstellar medium versus the bubble. Although our models involve simplifying assumptions, their consideration leads to a number of general robust conclusions for use in the analysis of radio mapping data sets.

Environ 10% des étoiles de type spectral O, B ou A ont un champ magnétique fort, détectable, stable et à grande échelle à leur surface, qui ressemble le plus souvent à un dipôle. Des modèles théoriques et des simulations numériques prédisent ces champs magnétiques vus en surface pénètrent aussi dans les zones radiatives et influencent la structure interne. Les modèles prédisent que ces champs magnétiques imposent une rotation uniforme dans les zones radiatives et peuvent supprimer la pénétration convective autour du cœur. Cela a des conséquences sur l’évolution de ces étoiles chaudes magnétiques. Pour ce faire, l’astérosismologie est la meilleure méthode car les paramètres des pulsations stellaires sont directement liés aux conditions physiques internes. Plusieurs types de pulsations stellaires sont connus et classés en fonction de leur force de rappel. Parmi eux, les plus à même de sonder les régions proches du cœur des étoiles, sur lequel se concentre notre intérêt dans cette thèse sont les modes de gravité, qui sont gouvernés par la force d’Archimède.Notre premier objectif était d’identifier des étoiles chaudes, pulsantes et magnétiques et de caractériser leurs propriétés magnétiques et sismiques. Des étoiles ont été sélectionnées grâce à des diagnostics observationnels indirects de la présence d’un champ magnétique qou nous confirmons grâce à de la spectropolarimétrie optique à haute résolution obtenue avec ESPaDOnS, Narval et ESPaDOnS. Pour deux étoiles magnétiques connues, HD43317 et o Lup, nous avons caractérisé la géométrie et l’intensité du champ magnétique aves des séries temporelles spectropolarimétriques. Pour toutes les étoiles de notre échantillon, nous avons également obtenu des séries temporelles photométriques très précises grâce aux télescopes spatiaux BRITE, CoRoT ou K2 pour étudier leur variabilité (périodique) cohérente. Seulement HD43317 a révélé des dizaines de fréquences de pulsations stellaires, pointant plutôt vers des modes de gravité.Nous nous sommes ensuite concentrés sur HD43317 dans pour déterminer observationellement la structure interne de cette étoile magnétique chaude. Nous avons fait usage de modélisation sismique: les fréquences des modes de pulsations observées dans les données CoRoT, couvrant 150j, ont été ajustées à celles des modes gravito-inertiels calculés avec le code de pulsations GYRE couplé aux modèles MESA. Nous avons pu associer les fréquences des modes de pulsations à des séries de modes (l,m) = (1,−1) et (2,−1) se chevauchant. La petite zone de pénétration convective dans la zone radiative telle que déduite du modèle MESA optimal s’avère cohérente avec les prédictions théoriques. Néanmoins, les intervalles de confiance sur certains paramètres physiques issus des modèles sont très larges et compatibles avec les valeurs de la littérature pour des étoiles chaudes et pulsantes mais non-magnétiques. Nous en concluons que la série temporelle de 150j de données CoRoT est trop courte pour déterminer d’une manière non-équivoque la structure interne des étoiles magnétiques chaudes, et par conséquent pour distinguer leur structure interne de celle des étoiles chaudes non-magnétiques.Malgré nos efforts de modélisation détaillée de la meilleure étoile chaude pulsantemagnétique HD43317, nous n’avons pas pu corroborer observationnellement les prédictions théoriques d’une structure interne altérée pour les étoiles chaudes magnétiques. Des simplifications et des approximations ont dû être faites au cours de la modélisation sismique en raison de la résolution en fréquence limitée des données CoRoT. D’autres efforts pour inclure le magnétisme dans les codes de pulsations ou le magnétisme, la rotation et le transfert du moment cinétique dans les modèles d’évolution stellaire seront nécessaires afin de déterminer si les signatures magnétiques sont présentes pour les nombreux pulsateurs gravito-inertiels récemment découverts dans la base de données de Kepler. / About ten percent of stars with spectral type O, B or A have a detectable stable strong large-scale magnetic field at their surface, which most often resembles a magnetic dipole. These large-scale magnetic fields extend into the radiative layers of the OBA stars. Theory and simulations predict that they alter the internal structure and physical properties of these stars. In particular, it is expected that these large-scale magnetic fields enforce uniform rotation in the radiative layers and may suppress convective core overshooting. This has consequences for the evolution of these magnetic hot stars and it has implications for galactic evolution. Therefore, we observed and investigated the internal structure of magnetic hot stars. To do so, asteroseismology is the best method as the oscillation properties are directly related to the internal physical conditions. Various types of stellar oscillations are known and they are classified based on their dominant restoring force. Of these, gravity modes are governed by the buoyancy force and have their strongest probing power in the near core region, which is the domain of our interest.Our first objective was to identify pulsating magnetic hot stars and characterize their magnetic and seismic properties. We constructed a sample of magnetic candidate stars, by following indirect observational diagnostics for the presence of a large-scale magnetic field, to confirm with ground-based high-resolution optical spectropolarimetry taken with ESPaDOnS, Narval or HARPSpol. For two known magnetic stars, HD43317 and o Lup, we characterized the geometry and strength of the field in detail by analysing spectropolarimetric time series. For each star in our sample, we obtained high-cadence high-precision space-based photometry from BRITE, CoRoT, or K2 to study (periodic) variability. Only HD43317 revealed tens of stellar pulsations mode frequencies that pointed towards gravity modes. Only a few other stars studied showed a few pulsation mode frequencies, unsuitable for seismic modelling.We investigated the B3.5V star HD43317 in detail to determine the internal structure of a magnetic hot star. We did this by forward seismic modelling, where observed stellar pulsation mode frequencies in the CoRoT data covering ∼150d were fit to those of gravito-intertial modes computed with the pulsation code GYRE, coupled to MESA stellar structure models. We identified the pulsation mode frequencies as overlapping (l, m) = (1,-1) and (2,-1) mode series. The small convective core overshooting region derived from the seismic modelling was in line with the theoretical predictions. Yet, some of the parameters for the best fitted models were also compatible with literature values for non-magnetic pulsators within the derived uncertainties. We conclude that the CoRoT time series of ∼150d is too short to lead to stringent constraints and tests of the stellar interior to discriminate between magnetic and non-magnetic pulsating hot stars.From our detailed modelling efforts of the best studied pulsating magnetic hot star HD43317, we were unable to observationally corroborate the theoretical predictions of an altered internal structure for magnetic hot stars. Simplifications and approximations were made during the forward seismic modelling due to the limited frequency resolution of the CoRoT data in terms of its time base. Further efforts to include magnetism in the pulsation codes, or magnetism, rotation, and angular momentum transport in the evolutionary models, are worthwhile to test whether magnetic signatures are present in the numerous (non-magnetic) gravito-inertial pulsators recently found in the nominal Kepler database (which has a ten times better frequency resolution compared to CoRoT).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:15:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TharcisyoSSD_DISSERT.pdf: 3303211 bytes, checksum: cec9a1421d7e1a74109ea2385531baa3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-02 / This study proposes an observing program focused on the investigation of the stellar magnetism and dynamo evolution in cool active solar-like stars. More mainly in the solar analogs and twins. Observations of stars of our base were carried out with two spectropolarimeter (ESPaDOnS@CFHT and NARVAL@TBL). The analyse of stars in stage different allows an understanding of the dependence of magnetic activity on basic stellar parameters such as rotation, mass, age and depth of the convection zone. This study provides measures necessary for testing dynamo theories. The 65 targets for this project are solar type stars with mass spanning from 0:9 M=Mfi 1:075 solar masses and at different evolutionary stages. Our two main science objectives were, (i) To determine how the magnetic field evolved from the ZAMS to the TO (turn off) for stars with 0:9 M=Mfi 1:075; (ii) To determine the impact of convective depth and rotation on magnetic of cool stars of solar type. The main result from this study was the characterization of the dependence of magnetic field intensity as function of age, Rossby number and the convective zone deepening. This context, the availability of ESPaDOnS and NARVAL opens an exceptional possibility to study the magnetic properties of Sun-like stars by means of spectropolarimetric observations / Este estudo prop?e um programa observacional focado na investiga??o da evolu??o do magnetismo estelar e do d?namo em estrelas frias, ativas e do tipo-solar. Mais precisamente nas estrelas an?logas e g?meas solares. As observa??es das estrelas da nossa base foram realizadas com dois espectropolar?metros (ESPaDOnS@CFHT e NARVAL@TBL). A an?lise das estrelas em diferentes est?gios permite uma compreens?o da depend?ncia da atividade magn?tica em fun??o de par?metros estelares b?sicos como, por exemplo, a rota??o, a massa, a profundidade da zona convectiva e a idade. Este estudo fornece medidas necess?rias para testar ? teoria do d?namo. Os 65 objetos utilizados nesse trabalho tratam-se de estrelas do tipo solar, com massa no intervalo de 0:9 < M=M < 1:075 e em diferentes est?gios evolutivos. Nossos dois principais objetivos cient?ficos foram, (i) Determinar como o campo magn?tico evoluiu a partir da sequ?ncia principal de idade zero (ZAMS) at? o turn off, num intervalo de massa 0:9<M=M,<1:075; (ii) Determinar o impacto da profundidade da zona convectiva e da rota??o no magnetismo das estrelas frias do tipo solar. O principal resultado deste estudo foi a caracteriza??o da depend?ncia da intensidade do campo magn?tico com a idade, com o n?mero de Rossby e com o aprofundamento da zona convectiva. Neste contexto, a disponibilidade do ESPaDOnS e NARVAL abre uma excepcional possibilidade para estudarmos as propriedades magn?ticas das estrelas do tipo-solar atrav?s das observa??es espectropolarim?tricas.