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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Étude ethnopharmacologique d'une plante utilisée en médecine traditionnelle cambodgienne dans le traitement de la malaria : stephania rotunda (Lour.) : approche analytique, phytochimique, pharmacologique et métabolique / Ethnopharmacological study of cambodian medicinal plant used traditionally in malaria treatment : stephania rotunda (Lour.) : analytical, phytochemical, pharmacological and metabolic investigation

Bory, Sothavireak 14 December 2010 (has links)
La mise au point et la validation d’une méthode de dosage par CLHP des alcaloïdes majoritaires (cépharanthine,xylopinine, tétrahydropalmatine) de Stephania rotunda sont réalisées. La méthode est appliquée au dosage des alcaloïdesdans différentes parties de la plante. Le tubercule est la drogue végétale la plus riche en alcaloïdes majoritaires, enparticulier en cépharanthine (1%). Le dosage des alcaloïdes majoritaires des tubercules d’origine différente est effectué.La cépharanthine est beaucoup plus concentrée dans le tubercule de Pailin (1,9%). La comparaison de la compositionchimique du tubercule cultivé et sauvage montre des résultats proches. L’isolement de huit alcaloïdes est effectué parChromatographie Flash. Leur structure est déterminée par SM et RMN. La cépharanthine, la xylopinine, latétrahydropalmatine, la palmatine et la roémérine précédemment décrites sont réisolées. La pseudopalmatine, lastéphanine et la vireakine, alcaloïde nouveau, sont décrites pour la première fois dans la plante. L’étude pharmacologiquede S. rotunda montre que la majorité des extraits testés (76%) présentent in vitro une activité antiplasmodiale intéressantesur la souche W2 de Plasmodium falciparum avec une CI50 < 5 μg/ml. La cépharanthine et la pseudopalmatine sont lesalcaloïdes les plus actifs avec une CI50 de 0,7 et 1 μg/ml, respectivement. Les effets sur la croissance in vitro de la soucheW2, des associations alcaloïdes/alcaloïdes et alcaloïdes/molécules antimalariques de référence sont testés. L’étude in vitrodu métabolisme hépatique de la cépharanthine montre la présence d’un métabolite principal M1 cytochrome dépendant.Une importante variabilité inter-individuelle de la formation de M1 est observée. L’étude de la variabilité inter-sexemontre qu’il n’y a pas de différence significative entre homme et femme. Les études in vitro de différentes espècesanimales indiquent une variabilité inter-espèces. L’enzyme responsable de la formation du métabolite M1 est déterminée.Le CYP3A4 est très fortement impliqué dans la métabolisation de la cépharanthine. Enfin, la détermination structurale dumétabolite majoritaire M1 a été réalisée par CDI-SM/SM. Cette étude nous a permis de conclure que la structure dumétabolite M1 correspond à un composé N-déméthylé. / An HPLC method is developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of major alkaloids: cepharanthine,xylopinine, tetrahydropalmatine in tuber of Stephania rotunda Lour. The validated method was successfully applied toquantify the three alkaloids in various parts of the plant. The higher content of major alkaloids, in particularcepharanthine (1%), is found in the tuber of this plant. The major alkaloids of tubers from different regions aredetermined. The cepharanthine is concentrated in tuber of Pailin (1.9%). The comparison of the chemical composition ofcultivated and wild tubers shows similar results. Eight alkaloids were isolated from S. rotunda using FlashChromatography. Their structures are elucidated by MS and NMR. Cepharanthine, xylopinine, tetrahydropalmatine,palmatine and roemerine previously described are reisolated. Pseudopalmatine, stephanine, and vireakine (newaporphine alkaloid) are described for the first time in the plant. Pharmacological study of S. rotunda shows that themajority of extracts (76%) exert in vitro antiplasmodial activity against a chloroquine resistant strain of Plasmodiumfalciparum (W2) with IC50 < 5 μg/ml. Cepharanthine and pseudopalmatine display significative activity with IC50 valuesof 0.7 and 1 μg/ml, respectively. Isobol experiments are performed with W2 strain by combination of alkaloids/alkaloidsand alkaloids/antimalarial reference molecules. In vitro metabolism study of cepharanthine using human liver microsomesshows the cytochrome-dependant formation of a major metabolite M1. Enzymatic kinetics were investigated with pooledhuman liver microsomes to determine Michaelis-Menten constants. Important inter-individual variability of cepharanthinemetabolism is observed. In vitro studies indicate an important inter-species variability. The enzyme responsible for theformation of M1 metabolite is investigated. This study shows that CYP3A4 is involved in the metabolism of thecepharanthine. The structure of M1 metabolite, identified by CDI-MS/MS, corresponds to a N-desmethyle derivative ofcepharanthine.
2

Etude de l'activité antipaludique de la cépharanthine isolée de stephania rotunda lour. : approche analytique, transcriptomique et pharmacocinétique / Antiplasmodial activity of cepharanthine isolated from Stephania rotunda Lour. : analytical, transcriptional and pharmacokinetic approaches

Desgrouas, Camille 19 December 2013 (has links)
Ce doctorat porte sur l’étude de l’activité antipaludique de la cépharanthine. Deux méthodes écologiques d’extraction, utilisant des micro-ondes et ultrasons, ont été proposées. L'activité antiplasmodiale a été évaluée par le calcul de la concentration qui inhibe 50 % de la croissance parasitaire. Les cibles potentielles ont été évaluées par l’étude de la variation d’expression des gènes. Au niveau microscopique, la cépharanthine a semblé inhiber le développement parasitaire et bloquer les parasites au stade anneau. Au niveau transcriptomique, la cépharanthine semble avoir un impact sur le transport de protéines plasmodiales à la surface du globule rouge ; sur des organelles nécessaires à la survie du parasite, et sur les interactions entre le globule rouge parasité et l’endothélium ou les globules rouges sains. Des études de combinaisons thérapeutiques ont montré que la cépharanthine semble potentialiser certains antipaludiques. Une analyse quantitative de la cépharathine plasmatique a permis d’effectuer une étude pharmacocinétique. La cépharanthine pourrait être un chef de file intéressant pour le développement de nouveaux antipaludiques. / This PhD focuses on the study of the antimalarial activity of cepharanthine. Two green extraction methods, using microwave and ultrasound, have been proposed. The antiplasmodial activity was evaluated by calculating the concentration inhibiting 50 % of parasite growth. Potential targets were evaluated by studying the variation of gene expression. At the microscopic level, cepharanthine seemed to inhibit the parasite growth and to block parasite at the ring stages. The transcriptomic assay showed that cepharanthine seems to have an impact on the transport of Plasmodium proteins to the red blood cell surface, on organellar functions necessary for the survival of the parasite, and on the interactions between infected red blood cells and the endothelium or healthy red blood cells. The study of combination therapies showed that cepharanthine appears to potentiate some antimalarial compounds. A quantitative analysis of cepharathine in mouse plasma allowed performing a pharmacokinetic study. Cepharanthine could be an interesting lead to the development of new antimalarial drugs.
3

Renovating the closet : nineteenth-century closet drama written by women as a stage for social critique / Nineteenth-century closet drama written by women as a stage for social critique

Lee, Michelle Stoddard 17 January 2012 (has links)
My dissertation, "Renovating the Closet : Nineteenth-Century Closet Drama Written by Women as a Stage for Social Critique," contributes to a new understanding about nineteenth-century closet drama through three distinct and innovative texts: George Eliot's The Spanish Gypsy (1868), Michael Field's Stephania (1892), and Augusta Webster's A Woman Sold (1867). I contend that these three women writers employed the closet drama, a genre written in dramatic form but intended to be privately read or performed, to critique the social, cultural, and ideological limitations placed upon women of their time. In their symbolic use of the genre and innovative experiments with form, Eliot, Field, and Webster created a new stage on which their female protagonists challenge belief systems, institutions, and conventions that confine their gender roles, sexual identity, and social power. My chapter, "'Angel of the Homeless Tribe' : The Legacy of The Spanish Gypsy," shows how George Eliot melds the conventions of epic narrative with those of Victorian closet drama and reveals a dynamic connection between the character development and genre. Eliot's canonical novels are famous for their indictment of the limited roles Victorian culture offered to women. Equally famous are the tragic destinies of her rebellious heroines: they end up dead, unfulfilled, or virtually imprisoned. But scholars have failed to notice that in her experiment with The Spanish Gypsy, Eliot created a female epic: Fedalma, a woman of fifteenth-century Spain, becomes the leader of her "Gypsy" nation, sung into the future by an admiring bard. Eliot's formal experiment makes The Spanish Gypsy an important text for understanding how genre shaped gender representation in Eliot's canon, and in Victorian literature generally. My chapter, "'Something of His Manhood Falls' : Stephania as Critique of Victorian Male Aesthetics and Masculinity," offers Stephania as Katharine Bradley and Edith Cooper's commentary on the predominantly-male Aesthetic and Decadent movements of the 1890s. Through the pseudonym Michael Field, Bradley and Cooper wrote their way into, and claimed their own space inside, a very exclusive males-only closet. The chapter demonstrates how Stephania, set in Rome 1002 A.D., reclaims agency for a Victorian artistic "sisterhood" adulterated and exiled by a "brotherhood" of male Decadents (who saw woman as a nemesis to social order, personal salvation, and creative production), both through its form, and its cast of three: Stephania, Emperor Otho, and his old tutor Gerbert. Stephania, a former Empress turned courtesan bent on revenge for her husband's murder, challenges homosocial exclusivity and ultimately triumphs as a symbolic queen and emperor. Successful in her plan to bring down Otho through her seduction and manipulation of both men, Stephania is redeemed and saved; she has restored social order. In its resistance of the boundaries and expectations of the closet drama genre, Stephania projects a new ideology for Victorian womanhood and female authorship. My last chapter, "'I Could Be Tempted' : The Ev(e)olution of the Angel in the House in A Woman Sold," presents A Woman Sold as an early example of Augusta Webster's strategic social rhetoric, as her use of the closet drama acts as a structural metaphor for the sociomythological confinement of the nineteenth-century middle class woman. I investigate how A Woman Sold exposes the notion that marriage for nineteenth-century middle class women symbolized a closet of social and cultural paralysis, as grown from a history of socially and culturally institutionalized gender expectations. At the same time, I demonstrate how Webster employs irony through a nexus of genre, narrative, and form to support and advocate for opportunities outside marriage that encourage female agency to develop. Essentially, the fundamental argument in this dissertation hinges on the ways in which Eliot, Field, and Webster revised the conventional closet drama to renovate and, in turn, reveal the metaphorical and literal closets that confined social and cultural possibilities for nineteenth-century women. / text
4

Mise au point des espèces du genre Stephania au Cambodge : études systématique, phytochimique et pharmacologique / Update on the species of the genus Stephania in Cambodia : systematic, phytochemical and pharmacological studies

Dary, Chhavarath 18 July 2016 (has links)
L’objectif de la thèse est une mise au point des espèces de Stephania répertoriées au Cambodge par l’étude systématique, phytochimique et pharmacologique. Du point de vue systématique, les travaux ont permis de répertorier sept espèces et deux variétés de Stephania au Cambodge : S. cambodica, S. japonica var. discolor et var. timoriensis, S. oblata, S. pierrei, S. rotunda (espèce-type), S. suberosa, et S. venosa. La clef de détermination établie lors de ce travail de thèse permet d’identifier ces espèces. D’après les résultats phylogénétiques, seul S. pierrei est monophylétique, ce qui représente moins de 10% des espèces de Stephania. L’étude chimique de cinq espèces a été réalisée par des méthodes chromatographiques (CLHP, UCLHP) et des méthodes spectroscopiques. Différents alcaloïdes ont été proposés comme marqueurs : la palmatine, la roémérine et la tétrahydropalmatine pour S. cambodica et S. rotunda, la cépharanthine, la tétrahydropalmatine et la xylopinine pour S. suberosa, la cépharanthine pour S. pierrei, la crébanine, et la tétrahydropalmatine pour S. venosa. Neuf alcaloïdes ont été isolés à partir du tubercule de S. cambodica, dont un nouveau composé dénommé «angkorwatine ». Une méthode d’éco-extraction des alcaloïdes assistée par ultrasons a été mise au point et optimisée par un plan d’expérience pour cette espèce. Une méthode analytique par UCLHP a été développée et validée pour le contrôle qualité de S. cambodica. Les résultats montrent que les extraits hydroéthanoliques obtenus par macération à partir du tubercule de S. suberosa, S. venosa et S. rotunda présentent une activité anti-inflammatoire importante (in vitro) avec un ratio anti-inflammatoire élevé. / The thesis aims to provide update on species of the genus Stephania recorded in Cambodia by systematic, phytochemical and pharmacological studies.The systematic study allowed to list seven species and two varieties of Stephania in Cambodia: S. cambodica, S. japonica var. discolor and var. timoriensis, S. oblata, S. pierrei, S. rotunda (type species), S. suberosa and S. venosa. The presence of S. japonica var. timoriensis and S. oblata is reported for the first time in Cambodia. According to the phylogenetic results, only S. pierrei is monophyletic, which represents less than 10% of species in the genus Stephania. Chemical studies on the tubers of five species were carried out using chromatographic methods (HPLC, UHPLC) and spectroscopic methods. Different isolated alkaloids have been proposed as markers: palmatine, roemerine and tetrahydropalmatine for S. cambodica and S. rotunda, cepharanthine, tetrahydropalmatine, and xylopinine for S. suberosa, cepharanthine for S. pierrei, crebanine, and tetrahydropalmatine for S. venosa. Nine alkaloids belonging to five classes were isolated from the tuber of S. cambodica and a new compound namely "angkorwatine" was described. Ultrasound assisted extraction of alkaloids was developed and optimized by Design of Experiment for this species. This innovative extraction is a good alternative to conventional methods. An analytical UHPLC method was developed and validated for the quality control of S. cambodica. Results show that hydroethanolic extracts obtained by maceration of S. suberosa, S. rotunda and S. venosa exhibit significant anti-inflammatory activity with high anti-inflammatory ratio (selectivity index).

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