Despite wide-spread legislative and social change, the contemporary workplace remains a difficult environment for those performing non-traditional occupational roles (e.g., female pilots, male nurses). The current thesis sought to explore stereotype activation and application for such individuals in both adults and children. Using a set of standardised stimuli depicting males and females performing both traditional and non-traditional jobs, the first set of experiments explored the activation of sex-role stereotypes in adults. Results indicated that for both Experiment 1 (i.e., sex-categorisation task) and Experiment 2 (i.e., name-categorisation task) participants were slower to respond when the stimuli depicted an individual performing a stereotype-incongruent occupation, suggesting that occupational stereotypes were automatically activated. Experiments 3 and 4 explored the evaluative nature of such stereotypes using the Implicit-Association Test (IAT) and the Single-Category Implicit-Association Test (SC-IAT), respectively. The IAT results demonstrated that participants exhibited stronger stereotypic-positive/counter-stereotypic-negative associations compared to when these mappings were reversed. Moreover, a follow-up SC-IAT revealed a specific association between counter-stereotypical occupations and negativity, an effect that was stronger for male than female targets. Finally, Experiments 5-8 investigated stereotype activation and application in children. Interestingly, results from these studies were comparable to those of the adult findings, namely children automatically activated occupational stereotypes and showed an evaluative preference for stereotype-congruent compared to stereotype-incongruent targets. In sum, the current thesis reveals that both adults and children not only automatically activate occupation-related sex-role stereotypes, but they also negatively evaluate those in counter-stereotypical professions. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Magister Artium - MA / In this study the theatre as staged performance and as text was used as exploratory and discursive tools to investigate the negotiation of identities. The aim was to explore this theme by examining the responses to four popular Coloured identity-related staged performances; Marc Lottering's "Crash" and "From the Cape Flats with Love", as well as Petersen, Isaacs and Reisenhoffer's "Joe Barber" and "Suip". These works, both as performance and as text, was used to investigate the way stereotypical representations of Coloured identities are played with, subverted or negotiated in performance. / South Africa

In this study the theatre as staged performance and as text was used as exploratory and discursive tools to investigate the negotiation of identities. The aim was to explore this theme by examining the responses to four popular Coloured identity-related staged performances / Marc Lottering's &quot / Crash&quot / and &quot / From the Cape Flats with Love&quot / , as well as Petersen, Isaacs and Reisenhoffer's &quot / Joe Barber&quot / and &quot / Suip&quot / . These works, both as performance and as text, was used to investigate the way stereotypical representations of Coloured identities are played with, subverted or negotiated in performance.

Este trabalho pretende, sob a ótica das mais recentes descobertas no campo da identidade das nações, estudar como os conceitos de estereótipo e de reputação são observados e aplicados à realidade dos países, além de avaliar o papel que algumas organizações internacionais desempenham no processo cognitivo de construção do entendimento sobre regiões distantes e, por vezes, pouco conhecidas das pessoas. Para atingir este intento, o experimento realizado adota, como método, o instrumento de mensuração da imagem de países criado por Passow, Fehlmann e Grahlow. Às descobertas destes autores, foram introduzidas algumas modificações para possibilitar a inclusão de uma âncora. Objetiva-se conhecer a imagem desfrutada pelo Uruguai sob o ponto de vista de cidadãos franceses e a imagem desfrutada pela Letônia sob o ponto de vista de cidadãos brasileiros, bem como verificar se suas percepções sobre tais nações podem ser alteradas pela influência das âncoras Mercosul e União Européia. As análises do teste empírico dividem-se em três partes. As duas primeiras versam sobre a comparação, para um mesmo país, dos grupos que responderam o formulário com e sem a âncora, o que se viabiliza por meio de testes de igualdade de média e de variância e pela análise da participação porcentual de cada nota para o conjunto que compõe o retrato final desenhado pelos participantes da pesquisa. Por fim, é feito um cotejo entre o Uruguai e a Letônia, a fim de conhecer qual das nações goza de uma melhor imagem junto aos entrevistados nas dimensões: física, ambiente para negócios, econômica, liderança, cultural, social e emocional. O gerenciamento da imagem de um país, enfatizando seus aspectos positivos e amenizando os efeitos de pontos negativos, passa necessariamente pela sua detecção e entendimento, podendo lhe gerar como benefício uma melhora na qualidade dos relacionamentos com o resto do globo. / The scope of this paper is to study, from the perspective of the latest studies on national identity, how the concepts of stereotype and reputation are taken into account and applied to the countries reality, further assessing the role played by some international organizations in the cognitive process of acquiring knowledge of remote regions which may also be, occasionally, poorly known by the people. In order to attain this aim, the method adopted by the conducted experiment is the instrument for measuring countries image, developed by Passow, Fehlmann e Grahlow. Some modifications were introduced to these authors discoveries so that an anchor could be included. The purpose is to learn of Uruguays image from the point of view of French citizens and of Latvias image from the point of view of Brazilian citizens, as well as examine if their perception of such nations can be altered by the influence of Mercosur and European Union anchors. The analyses of the empirical test are divided in three parts: The first two deal with the comparison, for the same country, between the groups that responded to the form with and without the anchor, which is made feasible by means of mean and variance equality tests and by analyzing the percentage of relevance of each grade for the set which establishes the final panel drawn by the participants of this research. Finally, a comparison between Uruguay and Latvia is made by way of knowing which nation enjoys a better image in the respondents point of view in terms of: physical characteristics, environment for business, leadership, and economic, cultural, social and emotional aspects. Managing a countrys image, by emphasizing its positive features and mitigating the effects of negative subjects, is strictly related to the detection and understanding of such matters, what can bring as benefit the improvement of the nations relationships worldwide.

In this study the theatre as staged performance and as text was used as exploratory and discursive tools to investigate the negotiation of identities. The aim was to explore this theme by examining the responses to four popular Coloured identity-related staged performances / Marc Lottering's &quot / Crash&quot / and &quot / From the Cape Flats with Love&quot / , as well as Petersen, Isaacs and Reisenhoffer's &quot / Joe Barber&quot / and &quot / Suip&quot / . These works, both as performance and as text, was used to investigate the way stereotypical representations of Coloured identities are played with, subverted or negotiated in performance.

Este trabalho pretende, sob a ótica das mais recentes descobertas no campo da identidade das nações, estudar como os conceitos de estereótipo e de reputação são observados e aplicados à realidade dos países, além de avaliar o papel que algumas organizações internacionais desempenham no processo cognitivo de construção do entendimento sobre regiões distantes e, por vezes, pouco conhecidas das pessoas. Para atingir este intento, o experimento realizado adota, como método, o instrumento de mensuração da imagem de países criado por Passow, Fehlmann e Grahlow. Às descobertas destes autores, foram introduzidas algumas modificações para possibilitar a inclusão de uma âncora. Objetiva-se conhecer a imagem desfrutada pelo Uruguai sob o ponto de vista de cidadãos franceses e a imagem desfrutada pela Letônia sob o ponto de vista de cidadãos brasileiros, bem como verificar se suas percepções sobre tais nações podem ser alteradas pela influência das âncoras Mercosul e União Européia. As análises do teste empírico dividem-se em três partes. As duas primeiras versam sobre a comparação, para um mesmo país, dos grupos que responderam o formulário com e sem a âncora, o que se viabiliza por meio de testes de igualdade de média e de variância e pela análise da participação porcentual de cada nota para o conjunto que compõe o retrato final desenhado pelos participantes da pesquisa. Por fim, é feito um cotejo entre o Uruguai e a Letônia, a fim de conhecer qual das nações goza de uma melhor imagem junto aos entrevistados nas dimensões: física, ambiente para negócios, econômica, liderança, cultural, social e emocional. O gerenciamento da imagem de um país, enfatizando seus aspectos positivos e amenizando os efeitos de pontos negativos, passa necessariamente pela sua detecção e entendimento, podendo lhe gerar como benefício uma melhora na qualidade dos relacionamentos com o resto do globo. / The scope of this paper is to study, from the perspective of the latest studies on national identity, how the concepts of stereotype and reputation are taken into account and applied to the countries reality, further assessing the role played by some international organizations in the cognitive process of acquiring knowledge of remote regions which may also be, occasionally, poorly known by the people. In order to attain this aim, the method adopted by the conducted experiment is the instrument for measuring countries image, developed by Passow, Fehlmann e Grahlow. Some modifications were introduced to these authors discoveries so that an anchor could be included. The purpose is to learn of Uruguays image from the point of view of French citizens and of Latvias image from the point of view of Brazilian citizens, as well as examine if their perception of such nations can be altered by the influence of Mercosur and European Union anchors. The analyses of the empirical test are divided in three parts: The first two deal with the comparison, for the same country, between the groups that responded to the form with and without the anchor, which is made feasible by means of mean and variance equality tests and by analyzing the percentage of relevance of each grade for the set which establishes the final panel drawn by the participants of this research. Finally, a comparison between Uruguay and Latvia is made by way of knowing which nation enjoys a better image in the respondents point of view in terms of: physical characteristics, environment for business, leadership, and economic, cultural, social and emotional aspects. Managing a countrys image, by emphasizing its positive features and mitigating the effects of negative subjects, is strictly related to the detection and understanding of such matters, what can bring as benefit the improvement of the nations relationships worldwide.