O objetivo do presente trabalho é o estudo da tecnologia de produção artefatual lítica lascada e suas cadeias operatórias em sítios líticos a céu aberto localizados no nordeste do Estado de São Paulo. Inicialmente foi levantada a bibliografia amadora e especializada dentro da área de estudo, dedicando atenção às tecnologias líticas produtivas e procurando nelas tópicos como preferências locacionais dos sítios líticos e os tipos de matérias-primas e seus suportes; em outras palavras, as economias de matéria-prima levadas a cabo pelos artesãos. Todo o aporte teórico-metodológico do conceito de cadeia operatória foi empregado, inclusive buscando-se o gestual dos artesãos - análise diacrítica, tentando reconstruir por meio do processo operatório e seu gestual o projeto mental do artesão, que se encontra sob uma matriz técnica, a tradição cultural. Por fim apresentamos os resultados das análises alcançados, sintetizando as cadeias operatórias praticadas e ilustrando os artefatos líticos por meio de croquis. Embora tenham sido estudados diretamente os artefatos líticos, com atenção a seus atributos técnicos, é fato que representam mais do que um contexto particular, e propiciam, mesmo que indiretamente, a possibilidade de que todo um sistema de sítios venha a ser pensado. / The main objective of this research is the study of the production technology of chipped stone artifacts and their operational sequence on lithic archaeological sites located in Northeastern São Paulo State. A bibliographic research was made based, firstly, on the amateur and specialized archaeological literature related to this specific subject, paying attention to the lithic production technology and looking for different topics such as locational preferences of the archaeological sites and the types of raw materials and their supports, in other words, the raw materials economy chose by the artisans. All methodological and theoretical operational sequence (\"chaîne opératoire\") was used, including the search for the artisans\' gestures - a diacritical analysis, intending to reconstruct through the operational processes and the gesture sequence the artisans\' mental project, related to a technical matrix - their technical tradition. Finally, the analytical results are presented, summarizing the operational sequences and illustrating lithic artifacts with drawings. Although lithic artifacts had been studied directly, focusing attention on its technical attributes, it is known that they represent more than a particular context, they may provide, even indirectly, interpretations about a whole system of sites.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é o estudo da tecnologia de produção artefatual lítica lascada e suas cadeias operatórias em sítios líticos a céu aberto localizados no nordeste do Estado de São Paulo. Inicialmente foi levantada a bibliografia amadora e especializada dentro da área de estudo, dedicando atenção às tecnologias líticas produtivas e procurando nelas tópicos como preferências locacionais dos sítios líticos e os tipos de matérias-primas e seus suportes; em outras palavras, as economias de matéria-prima levadas a cabo pelos artesãos. Todo o aporte teórico-metodológico do conceito de cadeia operatória foi empregado, inclusive buscando-se o gestual dos artesãos - análise diacrítica, tentando reconstruir por meio do processo operatório e seu gestual o projeto mental do artesão, que se encontra sob uma matriz técnica, a tradição cultural. Por fim apresentamos os resultados das análises alcançados, sintetizando as cadeias operatórias praticadas e ilustrando os artefatos líticos por meio de croquis. Embora tenham sido estudados diretamente os artefatos líticos, com atenção a seus atributos técnicos, é fato que representam mais do que um contexto particular, e propiciam, mesmo que indiretamente, a possibilidade de que todo um sistema de sítios venha a ser pensado. / The main objective of this research is the study of the production technology of chipped stone artifacts and their operational sequence on lithic archaeological sites located in Northeastern São Paulo State. A bibliographic research was made based, firstly, on the amateur and specialized archaeological literature related to this specific subject, paying attention to the lithic production technology and looking for different topics such as locational preferences of the archaeological sites and the types of raw materials and their supports, in other words, the raw materials economy chose by the artisans. All methodological and theoretical operational sequence (\"chaîne opératoire\") was used, including the search for the artisans\' gestures - a diacritical analysis, intending to reconstruct through the operational processes and the gesture sequence the artisans\' mental project, related to a technical matrix - their technical tradition. Finally, the analytical results are presented, summarizing the operational sequences and illustrating lithic artifacts with drawings. Although lithic artifacts had been studied directly, focusing attention on its technical attributes, it is known that they represent more than a particular context, they may provide, even indirectly, interpretations about a whole system of sites.

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Notre étude porte sur les pierres à aiguiser, pierres à affûter, polissoirs et autres outils de l’abrasion découverts dans des sites égéens de l’Âge du Bronze. Durant cette période, les ressources lithiques naturelles égéennes prélevées étaient transformées et employées lors des actions d’abrasion, d’aiguisage, d’affûtage, de polissage. Une connaissance empirique du comportement des roches durant l’utilisation a guidé la sélection des supports afin d’optimiser l’efficacité de l’outillage lors des différentes opérations. Une analyse des provenances nous éclaire sur les modes d’acquisition et de circulation des matériaux ; et une étude complémentaire des propriétés mécaniques des roches nous renseigne sur les paramètres qui ont guidé le choix des matériaux. Les outils diffèrent de par leur matière première mais aussi de par leur morphologie, granulométrie et leurs traces d’usage. Cette recherche propose la mise en place d’une nouvelle analyse des traces, permettant de distinguer les stigmates d’usage et les usures. La méthodologie s’appuie sur des analyses menées en laboratoire (analyses pétrographiques, tribologiques), combinées à des observations sur des outils à différentes échelles. Une fois la fonction des outils identifiée, nous avons considéré les contextes de production et d’utilisation. Enfin, des études ethnographiques et la consultation d’outils archéologiques menées tout au long de nos recherches, nous ont permis de reconstituer les activités, les actions et les gestes liés à la fabrication et à l’utilisation des outils. / This research aims at investigating the supplying strategies of raw materials selected for the implementation of lithic tools in the Aegean sea during the Bronze Age. Furthermore, it addresses the possible exchange networks responsible for the wider distribution of abrasive rocks. Particularly, all steps of the operational process (chaîne opératoire) were investigated from the extraction of raw materials to the use of the stone tools. These research objectives were addressed through an interdiscipinary approach, which combines the petrographic, morphological, and use-wear analysis of lithic tool implements based on both macroscopic and microscopic observations. The purpose of the use wear analysis was the identification of the different functions among these tools within their historical and archaeological context. Additionally, this study developed a precise terminology of manual movements and gestures associated with the use of these tools by combining ethnographical and experimental data with archaeological evidence.

La séquence culturelle régionale de l’Archaïque supérieur et terminal de la vallée de l’Outaouais n’est pas complétée, mais les variations stylistiques, technologiques et fonctionnelles des artéfacts sur le plan régional et local facilitent le découpage culturel. La reconstruction de la chaîne opératoire des haches, des herminettes et des gouges en pierre polie des sites Muldoon et Lamoureux, deux sites du sud-est ontarien, pourrait permettre de déceler une tradition technologique régionale à cheval entre l’Archaïque laurentien, l’Archaïque post-laurentien et d’autres courants des Grands Lacs. L’analyse des haches, des herminettes et des gouges des sites Muldoon et Lamoureux démontre l’utilisation massive de l’amphibolite. La moitié distale de ces outils est surtout polie et finement abrasée et la moitié proximale souvent éclatée, mais parfois abrasée. Ces éléments technologiques et l’industrie de pierre taillée démontrent des ressemblances et des différences avec les sites laurentiens de la région, et certains sites post-laurentiens du Québec et de l’Ontario méridional. Le matériel en pierre polie des sites Muldoon et Lamoureux démontre des liens technologiques vers l’Ouest tout en gardant un contact avec la sphère d’interaction postlaurentienne. La vallée de l’Outaouais semble alors prendre une place indépendante dans l’Archaïque supérieur, certaines continuités technologiques s’observent entre l’Archaïque laurentien et l’Archaïque post-laurentien. / The Late and Terminal Archaic cultural sequence of the Ottawa Valley region is not well defined. Definition of cultural boundaries should be based on stylistic, technological and functional variations, on a regional and local scale. The “chaîne opératoire” reconstruction of ground stone celts and gouges from the Muldoon and Lamoureux sites could lead to the recognition of a regional technological tradition linked to the Laurentian Archaic, the Post-Laurentian Archaic (Narrow Point) and other cultural trends from the Great Lakes. The analysis of celts and gouges from Muldoon and Lamoureux show a massive use of amphibolite. The distal half of these tools is mostly finely abraded and polished. The proximal half is frequently broken off, but sometimes abraded. These technological traits prove to have some resemblances and differences with Laurentian sites in the Ottawa Valley and some Post-laurentian sites in southern Quebec and Ontario. The ground stone material from these sites shows several links towards the west while participating in the Post-Laurentian Archaic interaction sphere. The Ottawa valley seems therefore to take an independent place in the Late Archaic, as technologic continuities are seen between Laurentian and Post-Laurentian assemblages.

La séquence culturelle régionale de l’Archaïque supérieur et terminal de la vallée de l’Outaouais n’est pas complétée, mais les variations stylistiques, technologiques et fonctionnelles des artéfacts sur le plan régional et local facilitent le découpage culturel. La reconstruction de la chaîne opératoire des haches, des herminettes et des gouges en pierre polie des sites Muldoon et Lamoureux, deux sites du sud-est ontarien, pourrait permettre de déceler une tradition technologique régionale à cheval entre l’Archaïque laurentien, l’Archaïque post-laurentien et d’autres courants des Grands Lacs. L’analyse des haches, des herminettes et des gouges des sites Muldoon et Lamoureux démontre l’utilisation massive de l’amphibolite. La moitié distale de ces outils est surtout polie et finement abrasée et la moitié proximale souvent éclatée, mais parfois abrasée. Ces éléments technologiques et l’industrie de pierre taillée démontrent des ressemblances et des différences avec les sites laurentiens de la région, et certains sites post-laurentiens du Québec et de l’Ontario méridional. Le matériel en pierre polie des sites Muldoon et Lamoureux démontre des liens technologiques vers l’Ouest tout en gardant un contact avec la sphère d’interaction postlaurentienne. La vallée de l’Outaouais semble alors prendre une place indépendante dans l’Archaïque supérieur, certaines continuités technologiques s’observent entre l’Archaïque laurentien et l’Archaïque post-laurentien. / The Late and Terminal Archaic cultural sequence of the Ottawa Valley region is not well defined. Definition of cultural boundaries should be based on stylistic, technological and functional variations, on a regional and local scale. The “chaîne opératoire” reconstruction of ground stone celts and gouges from the Muldoon and Lamoureux sites could lead to the recognition of a regional technological tradition linked to the Laurentian Archaic, the Post-Laurentian Archaic (Narrow Point) and other cultural trends from the Great Lakes. The analysis of celts and gouges from Muldoon and Lamoureux show a massive use of amphibolite. The distal half of these tools is mostly finely abraded and polished. The proximal half is frequently broken off, but sometimes abraded. These technological traits prove to have some resemblances and differences with Laurentian sites in the Ottawa Valley and some Post-laurentian sites in southern Quebec and Ontario. The ground stone material from these sites shows several links towards the west while participating in the Post-Laurentian Archaic interaction sphere. The Ottawa valley seems therefore to take an independent place in the Late Archaic, as technologic continuities are seen between Laurentian and Post-Laurentian assemblages.