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This thesis will conduct an attempt of simplifying the currently used stainingmethod of the protein profiling group at The Karolinska Institute led by Jan Mulder. By utilizing iterative product development several prototypes were created to first fit the criteria’s specified and secondly best retain and evenly spread a solution across the tissue sections. A realization made early on was that to be able to create the correct spreading of such a small volume of a solution one must make use of the capillary effect created in narrow spaces. From numerous of iterations of design and testing a product that outperformed the rest was found. That product was the prototype Quadlane leaf drain. The product needs to be stored in specific climates to ensure proper functionality during staining. To fulfil that need a storage system based on inserts were invented that can be placed inside of a contained area with saturated air to ensure sufficient hydration. / Denna avhandling kommer att göra ett försök att förenkla den för närvarande använda färgningsmetoden för proteinprofileringsgruppen vid Karolinska Institutet ledd av Jan Mulder. Genom att använda sig utav Iterativproduktutveckling kunde flera prototyper skapas för att uppfylla kriterierna specificerade och för att bäst behålla och jämnt sprida vätska över vävnadssnitten. En tidig insikt var att för att kunna skapa en korrekt spridningav en så liten volym vätska måste kapilläreffekten som skapas i trånga utrymmen utnyttjas. Efter flertalet iterationer av design och test av olika prototyper visade sig en lösning vara bättre. Denna lösning var prototypen Quadlane leaf drain. Utöver den framtagna produkten behövdes även ett ställe att förvara produkten vid inkubationer. Detta görs med ett framtaget förvarings system som är uppbyggt av insatser som seden kan bli placerade i ett förslutet område med mättad luft för att försäkra ett väl hydrerat system.

Environmental awareness has strongly increased these last years, especially in the developed countries where societies have become increasingly preoccupied by the natural resource depletion and environmental degradation. At the same time, the increasing mass transportation demand throughout the European Union requires the development of new infrastructures. Life Cycle Assessment is increasingly used to provide environmental information for decision-makers, when a choice is to be made about the transportation mode to be implemented on a given route. In a life-cycle perspective, not only the environmental pressure of the operation of vehicles but also the burden from the infrastructure, in particular bridges as key links of the road and railway networks, has to be assessed when comparing transportation modes. Based on an extensive literature review, a simplified quantitative LCA is implemented in order to compare the environmental performance of two railway bridge designs. It is meant to be useful at an early stage in the design process, when no detailed information about the bridge is available, and when rough environmental estimations are needed. The Excel based model covers the entire life-cycle of the bridge, from raw material extraction to construction materials recycling and disposal. Various assumptions and omissions are made to narrow the scope of the analysis. For instance, processes that are found insignificant in the literature are omitted, and only a limited set of relevant emissions and impacts to the environment is considered. The model provides fully transparent results at the inventory and impact assessment level. The streamlined approach is tested by comparing the environmental burden throughout the life-cycle of a steel-concrete composite railway bridge on a single span, equipped with either a ballasted or a fixed concrete single track. The results show that the environmental impacts of the fixed track alternative are lower than that of the ballasted track alternative, for every impact categories. In a sustainable development perspective, it would thus have been preferable to install a fixed track over the bridge to reduce its overall impact on the environment by about 77%. The raw material phase is found decisive in the life-cycle of both alternatives. The frequency of the replacement of the track is identified as a key environmental parameter, since the road traffic emissions during bridge closure nearly overwhelmed the other life-cycle stages.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:38:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvana.pdf: 542394 bytes, checksum: d67ecbf4181b7ea554b1e8057151354d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The increasing use of natural agricultural pesticides and the need of real proof of the effects of these products on entomopathogens are the basis of this study, which aimed to assess the in vitro effect of the following homeopathic products: Arsenicum album 24CH; Calcareous carbonica 30CH; Kali iodatum 100CH; Phosphorus 3CH; Silicea 30CH; Staphysagria 06, 30, and 100CH; Spodoptera frugiperda 30CH; Sulphur 100 and 200CH; and Thuya occidentalis 200CH (applied at a concentration of 0.1% of sterile distilled homeopathic/water) on the fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. The treatments were sprayed on the fungi in the PDA culture media in Petri or Rodac-type dishes, where conidia viability, colony-forming units (CFU), vegetative growth, and production of conidia were assessed. Homeopathic treatments were also assessed regarding the insecticide activity of these fungi against Diatraea saccharalis caterpillars. In tests with the fungus B. bassiana (Chapter 1) treatments Phosphorus 3CH; Silicea 30CH; Staphysagria 30CH and Spodoptera frugiperda 30CH reduced viability. All treatments except Arsenicum album 24CH promoted increased CFU. Likewise, Phosphorus 3CH; Staphysagria 30CH; Staphysagria 100CH and Sulphur 200CH promoted increased vegetative growth. In tests with the fungus M. anisopliae (Chapter 2), the treatments did not affect negatively the viability, vegetative growth and conidial production. All treatments were compatible to the fungus B. bassiana and M. anisopliae. Generally the insecticidal activity of fungi B. bassiana and M. anisopliae on D. saccharalis, was not influenced by the treatments, however, the drug Thuya occidentalis 200CH reduced activity B. bassiana on the insect / O crescente uso dos defensivos agrícolas naturais e a necessidade de real comprovação acerca dos efeitos desses produtos sobre entomopatógenos evidenciam o presente trabalho, que teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito in vitro dos produtos homeopáticos Arsenicum album 24CH; Calcarea carbônica 30CH; Kali iodatum 100CH; Phosphorus 3CH; Silicea 30CH; Staphysagria 06; 30 e 100CH; Spodoptera frugiperda 30CH; Sulphur 100 e 200CH e Thuya occidentalis 200CH (aplicados na concentração de 0,1% de homeopático/ água destilada e esterilizada) sobre os fungos Beauveria bassiana e Metarhizium anisopliae. Dessa forma, pulverizaram-se os tratamentos sobre os fungos no meio de cultura batata dextrose ágar, em placas de Petri, onde se avaliaram as unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC), crescimento vegetativo e produção de conídios. A viabilidade foi avaliada em placas do tipo Rodac. Os tratamentos homeopáticos ainda foram avaliados sobre a atividade inseticida desses fungos contra lagartas de Diatraea saccharalis. Nos ensaios com o fungo B. bassiana (Capítulo 1) os tratamentos Phosphorus 3CH; Silicea 30CH; Staphysagria 30CH e Spodoptera frugiperda 30CH reduziram a viabilidade do fungo. Todos os tratamentos com exceção de Arsenicum album 24CH promoveram o aumento de UFC. Da mesma forma, Phosphorus 3CH; Staphysagria 30CH; Staphysagria 100CH e Sulphur 200CH promoveram aumento do crescimento vegetativo. Nos ensaios com o fungo M. anisopliae (Capítulo 2), os tratamentos não comprometeram negativamente a viabilidade, o crescimento vegetativo e a produção de conídios. Todos os tratamentos apresentaram-se compatíveis aos fungos B. bassiana e M. anisopliae. De modo geral a atividade inseticida dos fungos B. i bassiana e M. anisopliae sobre D. saccharalis, não foi influenciada pelos tratamentos, no entanto, o medicamento Thuya occidentalis 200CH reduziu atividade de B. bassiana sobre o inseto

Name of Work Comparison of heart-rate, lactate levels, swimming speed in streamlined (aerodynamic) channel and swimming pool. Goal of Work To determine whether the same swimming speed affects the heart-rate and blood lactate in exactly the same way, in both the aerodynamic channel and in the swimming pool. To check the velocity of water flowing in a streamlined channel. Method Data collection (blood lactate, values of heart-rate, speed of swimming) will be done first in the swimming pool and then in the streamlined channel, the so-called FLUM. Probands will swim progressively faster in swimming sections of equal length. To obtain lactate levels, the invasive method will be used. Cardiac frequency will be obtained from heart-rate monitors, which each proband will have mounted on the body throughout testing. To verify the speed of flowing water, measuring equipment (propellers) borrowed from the Czech Agricultural University Prague, will be used. Results The work provides information on whether there is a difference in values or internal performance when comparing the speed in swimming pools with the speed in a streamlined channel. If so, the researcher will create a formula to convert the swimming speed in the aerodynamic channel to the speed level in a swimming pool. To create a formula that would...

While a lot of time and resources have been placed into transceiver design, due to the pace of a conventional engineering design process, the design of a power amplifier is often completed using scattered resources; and not always in a methodological manner, and frequently even by an iterative trial and error process. In this thesis, a research question is posed which enables for the investigation of the possibility of streamlining the design flow for power amplifiers. After thorough theoretical investigation of existing power amplifier design methods and modelling, inductors inevitably used in power amplifier design were identified as a major drawback to efficient design, even when examples of inductors are packaged in design HIT-Kits. The main contribution of this research is engineering of an inductor design process, which in-effect contributes towards enhancing conventional power amplifiers. This inductance search algorithm finds the highest quality factor configuration of a single-layer square spiral inductor within certain tolerance using formulae for inductance and inductor parasitics of traditional single-π inductor model. Further contribution of this research is a set of algorithms for the complete design of switch-mode (Class-E and Class-F) power amplifiers and their output matching networks. These algorithms make use of classic deterministic design equations so that values of parasitic components can be calculated given input parameters, including required output power, centre frequency, supply voltage, and choice of class of operation. The hypothesis was satisfied for SiGe BiCMOS S35 process from Austriamicrosystems (AMS). Several metal-3 and thick-metal inductors were designed using the abovementioned algorithm and compared with experimental results provided by AMS. Correspondence was established between designed, experimental and EM simulation results, enabling qualification of inductors other than those with experimental results available from AMS by means of EM simulations with average relative errors of 3.7% for inductors and 21% for the Q factor at its peak frequency. For a wide range of inductors, Q-factors of 10 and more were readily experienced. Furthermore, simulations were performed for number of Class-E and Class-F amplifier configurations with HBTs with ft greater than 60 GHz and total emitter area of 96 μm² as driving transistors to complete the hypothesis testing. For the complete PA system design (including inductors), simulations showed that switch-mode power amplifiers for 50 Ω load at 2.4 GHz centre frequency can be designed using the streamlined method of this research for the output power of about 6 dB less than aimed. This power loss was expected, since it can be attributed to non-ideal properties of the driving transistor and Q-factor limitations of the integrated inductors, assumptions which the computations of the routine were based on. Although these results were obtained for a single micro-process, it was further speculated that outcome of this research has a general contribution, since streamlined method can be used with a much wider range of CMOS and BiCMOS processes, when low-gigahertz operating power amplifiers are needed. This theory was confirmed by means of simulation and fabrication in 180 nm BiCMOS process from IBM, results of which were also presented. The work presented here, was combined with algorithms for SPICE netlist extraction and the spiral inductor layout extraction (CIF and GDSII formats). This secondary research outcome further contributed to the completeness of the design flow. All the above features showed that the routine developed here is substantially better than cut-and-try methods for design of power amplifiers found in the existing body of knowledge. / Thesis (PhD(Eng))--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted