O modelo não linear supersimétrico em l+l dimensões é acoplado à supergravidade. Ao quantizarmos a teoria, os campos de matéria adquirem massa dinamicamente, o que ocasiona a quebra da invariança de Weyl. Este fato implica em que as funções de dois pontos do Gravitino e do Graviton, obtidas a partir da ação efetiva, não sejam triviais. Em particular a função de dois pontos do Gravitino apresenta um polo no infravermelho. Nós conjeturamos que este polo está ligado com o confinamento dos graus de liberdade supersimétricos da teoria. Isto porque, ao restringirmos o domínio de integração de x IND. 1 à uma medida finita L (quebrando as invarianças da teoria), aparece na função de dois pontos do Gravitino um termo de massa, que decresce exponencialmente em função de L. Neste contexto relacionamos este model o como da corda supersimetrica e definimos um critério de estabilidade para a mesma. / The nonlinear o supersymmetric model in l+l dimensions is coupled to supergravity. When we quantize the theory, the matter fields acquire mass dynamically, which leads to the breaking of the Weyl invariance. This fact implies that the two point functions of the Gravitino and the Graviton, obtained from the effective action, become non trivial. Particularly, the two point function of the Gravitino presents a pole in the infrared region. We conjecture that this pole is related to the confinement of all supersymmetric degrees of freedom of the theory. If we restraind the integration domain of x1 to a finite lengh L (breaking all invariances of the theory), there appears a mass term in two point function of the Gravitino, which decreases exponentially with L. In this context we relate this model with that of the supersymmetric string and define a stability criteria for the latter.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta dissertaÃÃo apresenta um estudo de tÃcnicas que podem ser empregadas como apoio para a correÃÃo de questÃes dissertativas com base na adaptaÃÃo de algoritmos de comparaÃÃo textual combinados a tÃcnicas de prÃ-processamento de textos. O principal desafio na concepÃÃo de uma ferramenta para este tipo de aplicaÃÃo à a ambiguidade da linguagem natural. Para analisar situaÃÃes de correÃÃo de questÃes subjetivas, foram efetuados testes com esses algoritmos, tendo-se desenvolvido uma ferramenta para tal propÃsito. Confrontando respostas de alunos ao padrÃo de resposta de questÃes propostas em provas subjetivas, foram analisados o desempenho individual dos algoritmos e de um conjunto de tÃcnicas de prÃ-processamento que sÃo encontrados na literatura, de maneira isolada e combinada. Buscando contornar situaÃÃes especÃficas de falso negativo e falso positivo, foram propostas algumas tÃcnicas auxiliares como contribuiÃÃo deste trabalho. ApÃs a anÃlise dos experimentos realizados, os resultados de Ãndice de similaridade entre respostas indicam o uso da soluÃÃo como suporte a correÃÃo de questÃes discursivas, podendo, ainda, ser aplicado na detecÃÃo de plÃgio e ser integrado a um ambiente virtual de ensino e aprendizagem. / This master thesis presents a study of techniques used as support for a correction of essay questions based in an adaptation of string-matching algorithms combined with text preprocessing techniques. The main challenge to design a tool like this is an ambiguity of natural language. To analyze a correction of subjective questions, tests were performed with these algorithms, and a tool have been developed for this purpose. Comparing student responses with response pattern of questions proposed in subjective tests, we analyzed the performance of individual algorithms and a set of pre-processing techniques that are found in the literature, in isolation and combined. Seeking to neutralize specific situations of false negative and false positive, some techniques have been proposed as auxiliary contribution of this work. After analyzing the experiments, the results of similarity index between responses indicate the use of the solution to support the correction of essay questions, and may also be applied in the detection of plagiarism and be integrated to a learning management system.

This portfolio consists of eight works (five choral, one multi-media, one string quartet and one symphonic orchestra) written during my doctoral candidacy from 2011-2015. They are arranged according to genre - from choral works to instrumental, sorted according to the ensemble size and chronologically thereafter. In these works, there are some common traits – the application of interval of second is found in all pieces with distinctive purposes; the emphasis of poetic image in the aesthetic of Chinese music is observed in some pieces. Furthermore, characteristics of choral music such as homophonic progression among parts and cantabile melodic writing can be traced in the instrumental pieces, particularly in the slow section of the String Quartet. / A substantial part of this portfolio is allocated to choral music. Before admitting to the DMus program, I had been establishing myself as a choral composer and conductor in the local choral communities. The last five years I spent at CUHK inspired me not only on the possibility of new sound and harmonic approaches to this genre, but also, and most importantly, the structure and form of music. The diverse manners to develop a musical piece based on simple motives certainly contribute to consistency and coherence. This is inevitably a major breakthrough in my composition career. / The diverse inspirations are channeled into music compositions through different operations of the interval of a second, which contribute to the formation of individual character of each piece: In Wo Jiang, the permeating taste of primordiality is brought by the continuous repetition of the second interval as a driving agent in the bass part, giving origin to the music developed; where vertically there is overtone singing in the upper part, which combines to create a sense of remoteness. The highest notes in the tone cluster passages are sometimes dissonance of second interval that enables a more ringing sound in the high register, whereas in Huan Hun Cao the vertically aligned second interval appears in the inner voices, specially in soprano two and alto, giving way to the emphasis of the highest note sung by soprano one. On the other hand, the horizontal employment of second interval typifies the opening and ending sections of this piece when the moving line shows some descending half step against the long drones sung by the lower parts. This effectively depicts an eerie but yet spacious sensation with regard to the select texts. The usages of second interval are two-folded in Yi Nian – vertical and ornamental – the pitched water glasses are tuned to A, G and F; the humming passages of the chorus feature a descending step in the first tenor to function as an appoggiatura. These altogether enrich the harmonic progression of the chordal harmonies. Encircled begins with irregular subdivisions of beat on C# within the common time by both first and second sopranos though the first soprano repeatedly drives to a semitone higher on the last note of each phrase. Such metallic sound yet sometimes dissonant connects to the imaginary sword fight. The interval of second in the style of ornaments fits well the flute part in the third movement of Chun Hen – The Reunion to orientalize it into Dizi. Wintry sketches also includes interval of second, especially over long notes in the woodwind section, to make depiction of a uncomfortable and piercing scenery atop of a bare mountain. / 此作品集由八首作品組成，包括五首合唱，一項多媒體創作，一首弦樂四重奏及一首管弦。它們都是於二零一一至二零一五年間，本人為博士研究生時創作。作品集裡的作品都有以下共通點：有目的地運用二度音程及展現中國音樂藝術美學的氛圍與詩意。此外，作品集中的器樂作品，都會帶有一點合唱音樂的特徵。 / 本人入讀香港中文大學音樂博士課程前，已致力發展合唱指揮及創作事業，所以合唱音樂佔整個作品集不少篇幅。於在學五年間，本人於聲音及和聲處理上得到很大的啟發；及於樂曲發展、結構與曲式上，更獲資深的指導，創作中更能強調藝術作品的連貫與統一性，乃本人一大突破。 / 於創作上，透過靈活運用二度音程，此作品集中每首作品皆展現獨特性。《我將》的低音聲部，由橫向重複二度音程句組成，豐富了樂曲的推進性。縱向角度，男高音一使用的泛音唱法，則為音樂營造出遙遠感。於多高音和弦（四個音以上的和弦），最高的兩個音也會出現二度音程。透過產生此類不協調和聲，高音聲部較亮麗的音色會更為突出。而於《還魂草》，縱向二度音程則發生於內聲部，見於女高二音及女低音，並停留於中音區，讓女高音一的旋律性能明顯地呈現。另外，樂曲首尾兩段均應用了橫向二度音程。此手法與其他聲部的持續長音同時發生，使兩個聲部產生渺小卻奇異的音程變化，有效地塑造歌詞表達的空間感。《一念》中，二度音程運用大致見於兩段落：已定音的盛水玻璃杯及合唱部份的哼唱段落。後者的二度音程出現於男高音一的倚音，為和聲發展加添色彩。此種把二度音程應用於裝飾音的技巧，亦出現於《春痕》第三樂章《再遇》。為強調東方感，長笛演奏一系列上、下行的倚音，模仿笛子的加花演奏。《圍》除了強調開首女高音一、二於升C音的重複對唱、不規則的四・四拍分拍外，首段樂句均以二度音程作結，產生一種金屬性的聲音，模仿古代的刀光劍影。《冬之素描》亦包括了二度音程與和聲的運用，尤其於木管組的長音上，描繪於空曠高山上不安及寒風刺骨的感覺。 / Chan, Ka Hei. / Thesis D.Mus. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Abstracts also in Chinese; includes Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 06, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

ABSTRACT WOULD NOT LOAD ON DSpace

We use gauge-invariant cosmological perturbation theory to compute one-point functions of active and inert scalar fields of the GPPZ RG-flow in AdS5. Linearized Einstein equations are computed and made gauge-invariant for D-dimensional Euclidean domain-wall geometry. We briefly review the procedure of holographic renormalization for the GPPZ RG-flow in AdS5 to get different one-point functions. The source-dependant vev of the operator dual to the ∆ = 3 active scalar field in the GPPZ solution is computed and agrees with literature. We also find the source-dependant one-point function of the operator dual to the ∆ = 3 inert scalar.

Motivated by the AdS/CFT correspondence, new supersymmetric solutions to Type IIB and Type IIA supergravity are presented. These solutions contain $AdS_5$ or $AdS_4$ factors and are generated using T-duality symmetries of supergravity. The technique used to generate these solutions consists of performing a series of non-Abelian and Abelian T-dualities, sometimes with coordinate shifts in-between, to Freund-Rubin type seed backgrounds. An added bonus of the gauge fixing procedure inherent in non-Abelian T-Duality is the freedom to generate backgrounds with extra free parameters, some examples of which are presented. Aspects of the dual field theories of these new solutions are analyzed using holography techniques. The supersymmetry of these new backgrounds is also discussed. In addition to supergravity backgrounds with AdS, the study of generalized Calabi-Yau manifolds in the context of flux compactifications is briefly reviewed. The particular case of the resolved cone over $Y^{p,q}$ and its admission of generalized SU(3) structure solutions is examined. Contrary to geometries with $AdS$ factors, whose field theory duals are conformal field theories, these types of geometries can be phenomenologically interesting to study, as their gauge theory duals are minimally supersymmetric and confining, thus they could someday help aid our understanding of strongly-coupled QCD (Quantum Chromodynamics).

Cette thèse traite de compactifications avec flux en théorie des cordes et supergravité. D’abord, nous étudions les réductions dimensionnelles des théories de type II et de supergravité en onze dimensions, en utilisant la géométrie généralisée exceptionnelle. Nous commençons par l’introduction des techniques mathématiques nécessaire à cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur les G-structures et leur extension à la géométrie généralisée. Après, nous passons à discuter les compactifications à proprement parler. Précisément, nous nous concentrons sur type IIA, en construisant la version de la géométrie généralisée exceptionnelle décrivant cette supergravité et en trouvant les déformations de la dérivé de Lie généralisée correctes qui permettre de tenir compte et décrire correctement la mass de Romans. Nous présentons la méthode de Scherk-Schwarz généralisée qui nous permettre de trouver des ansatze consistants qui préservent la quantité maximale de supersymétrie. Aussi, nous appliquons cette méthode à des exemples différents des truncations sur les sphères, nous sommes capables de reproduire l’ansatz sur la sphere six-dimensionnelle et le tensor d’imbrication, qui nous donne une supergravité jaugée ISO(7) dyoniquement en quatre dimensions. Pour des sphères de dimension d = 2; 3; 4, nous trouvons une obstruction à avoir des parallelisations généralisées dans les cas massifs. Ceci donne une indication du fait que des réductions dimensionnelles en présence de mass de Romans peut pas exister. En outre, nous étudions les calibrations générales sur des backgrounds AdS en type IIB et M-théorie. Nous établissons qu’elles sont décrites par les structures de Sasaki- Einstein exceptionnelles, et nous focalisons notre attention sur les vectors de Reeb généralisés. Les inégalités pour la limite sur l’énergie peuvent être dérivées par la décomposition de la condition donnée par la symétrie _ ou dans la même façon, par la décomposition des bilinéaires des champs spinoriels existants en littérature. Nous expliquons comme la fermeture des formes de calibration est liée à l’intégrabilité de la structure de Sasaki-Einstein exceptionnelle décrivant le background. En particulier, nous faisons ça pour des branes remplissant l’espace ou ponctuelles. En faisant ça, nous montrons que la partie de forme du vector twisté en M-théorie donne les correctes calibrations généralisées. Le cas au sujet des backgrounds en type IIB donne des résultats analogues. / The main topic of this thesis are flux compactifications. Firstly, we study dimensional reductions of type II and eleven-dimensional supergravities using exceptional generalised geometry. We start by presenting the needed mathematical tools, focusing on G-structures and their extension to generalised geometry. Then, we move our focus on compactifications. In particular, we mainly focus on type IIA, building the version of exceptional generalised geometry adapted to such supergravity and finding the right deformations of generalised Lie derivative to accomodate the Romans mass. We describe the generalised Scherk-Schwarz method to find consistent truncation ansatze preserving the maximal amount of supersymmetry. We apply such a method to several examples of truncations on spheres, we reproduce the truncation ansatz on S6 and the embedding tensor leading to dyonically gauged ISO(7) supergravity in four dimensions. For spheres of dimension d = 2; 3; 4, we find an obstruction to have generalised parallelisations in massive theory, giving the evidence that maximally supersymmetric reductions might not exist. As further point, we study generalised calibrations on AdS backgrounds in type IIB and M-theory. We find these are described by Exceptional Sasaki-Einstein structures and we place the focus on the generalised Reeb vectors. The inequalities for the energy bound are derived by decomposing a _-symmetry condition and equivalently, bispinors in calibration conditions from existing literature. We explain how the closure of the calibration forms is related to the integrability conditions of the Exceptional Sasaki- Einstein structure, in particular for AdS space-filling or point-like branes. Doing so, we show that the form parts of the twisted vector structure in M-theory provides the expected generalised calibrations. The IIB case yields similar results.

From Birkoff's theorem, the geometry in four spacetime dimensions outside a spherically symmetric and static, gravitating source must be given by the Schwarzschild metric. This metric therefore satisfies the Einstein vacuum equations. If the mass which gives rise to the Schwarzschild spacetime geometry is concentrated within a radius of r=2M, a black hole will form. Non-accelerating particles (freely falling) traveling through this geometry will do so along parametrized curves called geodesics, which are curved space generalizations of straight paths. These geodesics can be found by solving the geodesic equation. In this thesis, the geodesic structure in the Schwarzschild geometry is investigated with an attempt to generalize the solution to higher dimensions.

In this thesis, the general framework of supersymmetric quantum mechanics and the path integral approach will be presented (as well as the worked out example of the supersymmetric harmonic oscillator). Then the theory will be specialized to the case of supersymmetric quantum mechanics on Riemannian manifolds, which will start from a supersymmetric Lagrangian for the general case and the special case for S2. Afterwards, there will be a discussion on the superfield formalism. Concluding this thesis will be the Hamiltonian formalism followed by the inclusion of deforma- tions by potentials.

Automatization is a desirable feature in many business areas. Manually extracting information from a physical object such as a receipt is something that can be automated to save resources for a company or a private person. In this paper the process will be described of combining an already existing OCR engine with a developed python script to achieve data extraction of valuable information from a digital image of a receipt. Values such as VAT, VAT%, date, total-, gross-, and net-cost; will be considered as valuable information. This is a feature that has already been implemented in existing applications. However, the company that I have done this project for are interested in creating their own version. This project is an experiment to see if it is possible to implement such an application using restricted resources. To develop a program that can extract the information mentioned above. In this paper you will be guided though the process of the development of the program. As well as indulging in the mindset, findings and the steps taken to overcome the problems encountered along the way. The program achieved a success rate of 86.6% in extracting the most valuable information: total cost, VAT% and date from a set of 53 receipts originated from 34 separate establishments.