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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Analyse der Osteoklastendifferenzierung auf elektrochemisch abgeschiedenen strontiumdotierten Struvitschichten / Differentiation of osteoclastic cells on electrochemically deposited strontium substituted struvite coatings

Wimmer, Katharina January 2019 (has links) (PDF)
Bei der Implantatversorgung von Patienten mit Osteoporose besteht weiterhin eine hohe Komplikationsrate vor allem durch aseptische Prothesenlockerungen. Eine vielversprechende Möglichkeit diese zu minimieren stellt eine Funktionalisierung der Implantate mit Strontium dar. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es dabei die Wirkung lokal verfügbaren Strontiums auf osteoklastäre und osteoblastäre Zellen zu untersuchen. Mittels elektrochemischer Abscheidung erfolgte die Beschichtung von Titanproben mit strontiumdotiertem Struvit, wobei sieben verschiedene Dotierkonzentrationen zwischen 6 µg und 487 µg Strontium pro Probe hergestellt wurden. Die Untersuchungen an osteoklastären RAW 264.7 Zellen erfolgten mittels Bestimmung von Zellzahl und -aktivität, verschiedener mikroskopischer Methoden sowie auf genetischer Ebene. Osteoblastäre MG63-Zellen wurden orientierend anhand von Zellzahl und Zellaktivität untersucht. Zellbiologisch konnte ein hemmender Einfluss von Strontium auf Differenzierung sowie Proliferation und Aktivität osteoklastärer Zellen gezeigt werden. Die Dotierkonzentration mit den günstigsten Eigenschaften war unter vorliegenden Versuchsbedingungen 487 µg Strontium pro Probe, da sich hierbei zudem eine erhaltene ostoblastäre Proliferation und Aktivität zeigte. / Aseptic loosening of implants is still an issue especially for patients with osteoporosis. In order to minimize the risk of implant failure the functionalisation of implant surfaces with strontium is a promising technique. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of locally availible strontium on osteoclastic and osteoblastic cells. Electrochemically assisted deposition was used to provide strontium substituted struvite coatings on titanium surfaces. The strontium concentration ranged from 6 µg to 487 µg per sample. Growth of osteoclastic cells was investigated by the determination of cell number and cellular activity, as well as microscopical and transcriptional level studies. Osteoblasts were studied by determining cell number and cell activity. A general suppressing influence of strontium was observed on the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts. The most favourable properties were found for the highest strontium concentration under investigation, because additionally cell proliferation and activity of osteoblasts was not significantly affected.
92

The Relationship of Stable Isotopes to Late Woodland and Fort Ancient Agriculture, Mobility, and Paleopathologies at the Turpin Site

McCall, Ashley E. 08 October 2013 (has links)
No description available.
93

Isotopic Study of Migration: Differentiating Locals and Non-Locals in Tumulus Burials From Apollonia, Albania

Stallo, Jennifer Rose 05 October 2007 (has links)
No description available.
94

Strontium and samarium diffusion in diopside

Sneeringer, Mark Albert January 1982 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1982. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science / Bibliography: leaves 226-235. / by Mark Albert Sneeringer. / Ph.D.
95

Synthesis and Characterization of Ferroelectric (1-x)SrBi2Ta2O9-xBi3TaTiO9 thin films for Non-volatile memory Applications

Ryu, Sang-Ouk 12 May 1999 (has links)
The (1-x)SrBi2Ta2O9-xBi3TaTiO9 thin films fabricated by modified metalorganic solution deposition technique showed much improved properties compared to SrBi2Ta2O9: a leading candidate material for memory applications. A pyrochlore free crystalline phase was obtained at a low annealing temperature of 600 oC and grain size was found to be considerably increased for the (1-x)SrBi2Ta2O9-xBi3TaTiO9 compositions. The film properties were found to be strongly dependent on the composition and annealing temperatures. The measured dielectric constant of the thin films was in the range 180-225 for films with 10-50 mol % of Bi3TaTiO9 content in the solid solution. Ferroelectric properties of (1-x)SrBi2Ta2O9-xBi3TaTiO9 thin films were significantly improved compared to SrBi2Ta2O9. For example, the observed 2Pr and Ec values for films with 0.7SrBi2Ta2O9-0.3Bi3TaTiO9 composition, annealed at 650 oC, were 12.4 micro C/cm2 and 80 kV/cm, respectively. The solid solution thin films showed less than 5 % decay of the polarization charge after 10^10 switching cycles and good memory retention characteristics after about 10^6 s of memory retention. The size and temperature effect of 0.7SrBi2Ta2O9-0.3Bi3TaTiO9 thin films were studied by determining how the ferroelectric properties vary with film thickness and temperature. It was found that the ferroelectric properties were determined by the grain size, and not by the thickness of the film in our studied thickness range of 80-350 nm. A 80 nm thick film showed good ferroelectric properties similar to the 350 nm thick film. Thermal stability of the 0.7SrBi2Ta2O9-0.3Bi3TaTiO9 thin film was found to be much better compared to the SrBi2Ta2O9 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O9 thin films due to its higher Curie temperature and lower Schottky activation energy according to temperature changes. Also, 0.7SrBi2Ta2O9-0.3Bi3TaTiO9 thin films has shown good ferroelectric properties on multilayer system such as PtRh/PtRhOx/poly-Si suggest their suitability for high density FRAM applications. / Ph. D.
96

Nanoscale Effects of Strontium on Calcite Growth: A Baseline for Understanding Biomineralization in the Absence of Vital Effects

Wilson, Darren Scott 11 June 2003 (has links)
This study uses in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) to directly observe the atomic scale effects of Sr on the monomolecular layer growth of abiotic calcite. These insights are coupled with quantitative measurements of the kinetics and thermodynamics of growth to determine the direction-specific effects of Sr on the positive and negative surface coordination environments that characterize calcite step edges. Low concentrations of strontium enhance calcite growth rate through changes in kinetics. A new conceptual model is introduced to explain this behavior. Higher concentrations of strontium inhibit and ultimately stop calcite growth by a step blocking mechanism. The critical supersaturation required to initiate growth (sigma*) increases with increasing levels of strontium. At higher supersaturations, strontium causes growth rates to increase to levels greater than those for the pure system. The step blocking model proposed by Cabrera and Vermilyea in 1958 does not predict the experimental data reported in this study because the dependence of sigma* upon strontium concentration is not the same for all supersaturations. Strontium inhibits calcite growth by different mechanisms for positive and negative step directions. Preliminary evidence indicates that strontium is preferentially incorporated into the positive step directions suggesting that impurity concentrations are not homogeneous throughout the crystal structure. Despite geochemical similarities, this study demonstrates that strontium and magnesium have different surface interaction mechanisms. The findings of this study demonstrate the importance of understanding microscopic processes and the significance of interpreting biominerals trace element signatures in the context of direction-specific interactions. / Master of Science
97

Etude des mécanismes de transfert des radionucléides en aval de la fosse T22 du site expérimental de Tchernobyl / Study of radionuclide migration processes downgradient of trench T22 at the Chernobyl pilot site

Roux, Céline 18 October 2013 (has links)
Le Site Pilote de Tchernobyl (CPS) est voué à l’étude de la migration des radionucléides à partir de l’une des tranchées creusée pour enfouir la matière contaminée à la suite de l'accident de Tchernobyl (1986). L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier les processus de migration des éléments dans la nappe phréatique.D’abord, l’extension maximale du panache de contamination est étudiée à l’aide du traceur conservatif 36Cl. Dans la nappe, les rapports 36Cl/Cl sont 1 à 4 ordres de grandeur supérieurs au rapport naturel théorique (particulièrement en aval de la tranchée), signifiant une importante contamination de la nappe par le 36Cl.Ensuite, un modèle conceptuel des processus géochimiques est proposé à partir de l’étude des variations en [Cl-], [HCO3-], [SO42-], [NO3-], [Na+], [Ca2+], [K+] [Mg2+], [Si], [Fe2+], [Mn2+] et des rapports δ18O et δ2H. Certains éléments sont très influencés par la présence de la tranchée mais des processus naturels peuvent aussi avoir une influence sur géochimie des eaux (eau-roche ou de drainage).Puis, les rapports isotopiques 238U/235U, 86Sr/88Sr et 87Sr/86Sr sont mesurés pour étudier la migration d’U et du Sr. La dissolution des particules de combustible enfouies dans la tranchée et le lessivage des radionucléides qui leur sont associés pourraient avoir un impact significatif sur les rapports isotopiques dans la nappe. Une augmentation des concentrations en [238U] est observée en aval de la tranchée mais les rapports 238U/235U mesurés sont naturels. La procédure d'analyse des rapports 86Sr/88Sr et 87Sr/86Sr ne permet pas d’observer un changement de ces rapports dans la nappe mais une diminution du rapport est observée en profondeur. / The Chernobyl Pilot Site (CPS) was set up to study the migration of radionuclides from one of the trenches dug in situ to bury materials contaminated after Chernobyl accident. The aim of this study is to investigate migration processes in groundwater. At first, the maximal extent of the contaminant plume is investigated based on the study of conservative tracer 36Cl. High contamination of groundwater by 36Cl is shown, with 36Cl/Cl ratios 1 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than the theoretical natural ratio (specifically downgradient of the trench). Then, a conceptual model of the main geochemical processes in groundwater is proposed based on the study of variantions in [Cl-], [HCO3-], [SO42-], [NO3-], [Na+], [Ca2+], [K+] [Mg2+], [Si]), [Fe2+], [Mn2+], and δ18O and δ2H. Some element concentrations are mainly governed by migrations from the trench. However, natural geochemical processes are also assessed to have an influence on groundwater geochemistry (water-rock interaction, leakage). Next, uranium and strontium migrations are investigated based on measurements of 238U/235U, 86Sr/88Sr, 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Indeed, dissolution fuel particles buried in the trench and the release of associated radionuclides is supposed to have a significant impact on those ratios in groundwater. However, in spite of an increase of [238U] concentrations downgradient of the trench, measured 238U/235U ratios in groundwater are in the natural range. Analytical procedure for 86Sr/88Sr and 87Sr/86Sr ratio measurement does not allow observing some trend downgradient of the trench; however, 87Sr/86Sr ratios clearly decrease with the depth.
98

Isotopic tracing of silicate and carbonate weathering in the Himalayan erosional system / Traçage isotopique de l’altération du silicate et du carbonate dans le système érosif de l’Himalaya

Davenport, Jesse 18 December 2018 (has links)
L'altération des lithologies himalayennes a potentiellement impacté le cycle global du carbone. Pour pouvoir contraindre et comprendre les processus qui se sont produits dans l'Himalaya et qui ont affecté ces cycles, nous devons être distinguer les signatures de l'altération du silicate et du carbonate dans la charge dissoute des fleuves de l'Himalaya. Des études antérieures ont tenté de le faire en utilisant diverses méthodes mais il n’existe toujours pas de consensus clair sur l’ampleur et le flux de l’altération du silicate dans l’Himalaya. Cette thèse propose l'utilisation du 40Ca comme traceur pouvant améliorer la quantification du flux d'altération du silicate et du carbonate dans la charge dissoute des rivières himalayennes. Des travaux antérieurs ont montré que le budget de l'eau de mer 40Ca est dominé par une source de manteau, de sorte que les carbonates marins ont une signature homogène de 40Ca indiscernable par rapport à la valeur du manteau. En revanche, la croûte supérieure de silicate devrait avoir développé une composition radiogénique. La différence entre la signature en Ca radiogénique des lithologies de carbonate et de silicate peut donc être utilisée pour différencier l’altération du carbonate et du silicate dans la charge dissoute des rivières. Nous présentons ici une étude géochimique comprenant des analyses de Ca radiogénique des rivières drainant les principales unités lithologiques de l'Himalaya, ainsi que des résultats provenant de sédiments, de substrat rocheux, de sol et de gravier. Nos résultats montrent que les carbonates de l’Himalaya ne présentent pas d’excès de 40Ca radiogénique malgré des signatures très variables 87Sr/86Sr, alors que les sédiments sont radiogènes (+0.9 à +4). Ceci suggère que pour Ca, contrairement à Sr, l'échange isotopique entre les lithologies silicate et carbonate a été minime. La composition en Ca radiogène de l'eau des rivières va de +0.1 dans les captages à prédominance carbonatée à +11 dans les rivières drainant des bassins versants silicatés. Pour les grandes rivières, les estimations du budget relatives à l’altération du silicate et du carbonate sur la base des éléments principaux et la composition en Ca radiogénique tendent à concorder. Cependant, pour certaines rivières plus petites, en particulier celles drainant des bassins à dominance silicatée dans les formations cristallines de HHC et du LH, certaines divergences sont observées. Celles-ci ne peuvent pas être attribuées à une définition imprécise de la composition chimique ou radiogénique en Ca des pôles de mélange utilisés pour la modélisation budgétaire, car les valeurs requises pour résoudre le modèle ne sont pas raisonnables. Ils ne peuvent pas non plus être expliqués par la précipitation de carbonates secondaires dans les rivières car la composition non radiogénique de carbonates suggère que ce processus n'est que mineur. Au contraire, ces différences peuvent être dues à la dissolution des traces de calcite radiogénique contenues dans les lithologies de silicate HHC et LH. Le vieillissement de ce matériau, qui ne représente qu'une infime partie de la surface du captage du silicate, pourrait produire une proportion substantielle du Ca radiogénique et pourrait ainsi avoir une influence significative sur le calcul des budgets de ces bassins à partir des données isotopiques. Néanmoins, comme cet effet est observé principalement dans les bassins à faible taux d’érosion des silicates, son influence sur les estimations du flux global de vieillissement du silicate sera mineure. Plus généralement, les résultats de cette thèse impliquent que le système 40Ca permet une résolution de problématiques qui ne peuvent pas être approfondies avec succès à l'aide d'isotopes Sr dans l'Himalaya. Des travaux supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour définir la gamme complète des compositions de Ca radiogénique dans l’Himalaya afin de répondre clairement aux questions concernant les flux d’altération des silicates / Weathering of Himalayan lithologies has had a potential impact on the global carbon cycle. To be able to constrain and understand the processes that occurred in the Himalayas that affected these cycles, we must be able to distinguish the signatures of silicate and carbonate weathering in the dissolved load of Himalayan rivers. Previous studies have attempted to do this using a variety of methods but there is still not a clear consensus on the magnitude and flux of silicate weathering in the Himalaya. This thesis proposes the use of 40Ca as a tracer that could improve the quantification of the silicate and carbonate weathering flux in the dissolved load of Himalayan rivers. Previous work has shown that the 40Ca budget of seawater is dominated by a mantle source, such that marine carbonates have a homogeneous 40Ca signature indistinguishable from the mantle value. In contrast, the upper silicate crust is expected to have developed a radiogenic composition. The difference between the radiogenic Ca signature of carbonate and silicate lithologies can be therefore used to differentiate between carbonate and silicate weathering in the dissolved load of rivers. Here, we present a geochemical survey, including radiogenic Ca analyses, of rivers draining the main lithological units of the Himalaya, as well as results from sediments, bedrock, soil and gravel. Our results show that Himalayan carbonates exhibit no radiogenic 40Ca excesses despite highly variable 87Sr/86Sr signatures, whereas sediments are variably radiogenic (+0.9 to +4). This suggests that for Ca, unlike for Sr, isotopic exchange between the silicate and carbonate lithologies has been minimal. The radiogenic Ca composition of river water ranges from +0.1 in carbonate dominated catchments to +11 in rivers draining silicate catchments. For large rivers, silicate and carbonate weathering budget estimates based on major elements and radiogenic Ca compositions tend to agree. However, for some smaller rivers, especially those draining silicate dominated basins in the HHC and LH formations, some discrepancies are observed. These cannot be attributed to poor definition of the chemical or radiogenic Ca composition of the endmembers used for budget modeling, as the values required to bring the estimates into agreement are unreasonable. They also cannot be explained by precipitation of secondary carbonates in the rivers as the non-radiogenic composition of the carbonate fraction of sediments suggests that this process is only minor. Rather, these discrepancies may be due to the dissolution/weathering of trace amounts of radiogenic calcite contained within HHC and LH silicate lithologies. The weathering of such material, which represents only a tiny fraction of the area of the silicate catchment, could yield a substantial proportion of the radiogenic Ca and may thus have a significant influence on the isotopically based weathering budgets of these basins. Nevertheless, as this effect is observed primarily in basins with low silicate erosion rates, its influence on estimates of the overall silicate weathering flux will be minor. More generally, the results of this thesis imply that the 40K–40Ca system can resolve issues that cannot be successfully addressed using Sr isotopes in the Himalaya. Further work is needed to define the full range of radiogenic Ca compositions in the Himalaya in order to clearly answer questions regarding silicate weathering fluxes
99

Les ciments brushitiques à base de wollastonite - Réactivité, propriétés et application au traitement et au conditionnement d’effluents contaminés par du strontium / Wollastonite-based brushite cement - Reactivity, properties and application for the treatment and conditioning of strontium contaminated effluent

Laniesse, Priscillia 14 February 2019 (has links)
Ce travail vise à étudier l’hydratation et les propriétés des ciments brushitiques à base de wollastonite dans la perspective d’une application au traitement et au conditionnement de déchets radioactifs de faible ou moyenne activité acides et/ou contaminés en strontium. Une étude des processus conduisant à la prise et au durcissement d’un ciment commercial est d’abord menée. L’influence de la composition de la solution de gâchage sur les réactions mises en jeu est ensuite précisée. Enfin, une première évaluation du potentiel de ce matériau pour la décontamination ou l’immobilisation d’effluents aqueux contaminés en strontium est réalisée.Les pâtes de ciment brushitique à base de wollastonite sont préparées à partir de wollastonite broyée et d’une solution d’acide phosphorique concentrée contenant des cations métalliques (Zn2+ et Al3+) ainsi que du borax. La wollastonite réagit selon un processus de dissolution/précipitation qui conduit à la formation de brushite, de silice amorphe et d’un aluminophosphate de calcium et de zinc amorphe dont la structure a été caractérisée par RMN-MAS du 31P et 27Al. La précipitation de brushite est précédée par la formation transitoire de phosphate monocalcique monohydraté. La simulation thermodynamique à l’aide d’un code de spéciation géochimique de la réaction de la wollastonite avec une solution d’acide phosphorique reproduit bien la séquence de précipitation des phases cristallines observée expérimentalement.Il apparaît que la concentration optimale de l’acide phosphorique dans la solution de gâchage est comprise entre 9 et 10 mol.L-1. Le bore retarde la prise du ciment tandis que le zinc l’accélère. L’ajout d’aluminium, qui permet la précipitation massive d’aluminophosphate de calcium amorphe, s’avère nécessaire pour obtenir un matériau avec de bonnes performances mécaniques. Une étude de surfaces de réponses par plan d’expériences, suivie d’une optimisation multicritères, a permis d’identifier un domaine de compositions de solutions de gâchage conduisant à un matériau possédant les propriétés recherchées (en terme de temps de prise, auto-échauffement et résistance mécanique) pour une matrice de conditionnement de déchets.Une étude cristallographique montre par ailleurs que la brushite peut incorporer au moins 30 % (mol/mol) de strontium en substitution du calcium dans sa structure. Des essais de piégeage du strontium par une pâte de ciment broyée, menés en suspension diluée, conduisent à une isotherme de sorption de type S, témoignant de l’existence de plusieurs mécanismes de rétention. Enfin, un essai de lixiviation sur un monolithe contenant du strontium révèle le bon confinement de ce dernier, avec un coefficient de rétention Rd plus de 100 fois supérieur à celui obtenu avec une pâte de ciment Portland. / This work aims at studying the hydration process and the properties of wollastonite-based brushite cements. These binders may indeed offer new prospects for the treatment or conditioning of low- or intermediate- level radioactive wastes characterized by a strong acidity and/or a contamination by strontium. First, a study of the hydration process is carried out with a commercial cement. Then, the influence of the mixing solution composition on the setting and hardening process is determined. Finally, a first assessment of the potential of this material for the decontamination and immobilization of strontium-containing aqueous effluents is performed.Wollastonite-based brushite cement pastes are prepared by mixing ground wollastonite and a phosphoric acid solution containing metallic cations (Al3+ and Zn2+) and borax. Wollastonite reacts through a dissolution/precipitation process, which leads to the formation of brushite, amorphous silica and amorphous zinc and calcium aluminophosphate whose structure has been investigated by 31P and 27Al MAS-NMR. The brushite precipitation is preceded by the transient formation of monophosphate calcium monohydrate. The thermodynamic simulation of the wollastonite reaction with a phosphoric acid solution, using a geochemical speciation code, fairly well reproduces the precipitation sequence of crystalline phases observed experimentally.It appears that the optimum phosphoric acid concentration in the mixing solution is comprised between 9 and 10 mol.L-1. Boron retards the cement setting whereas zinc accelerates it. The addition of aluminium, which leads to the massive precipitation of amorphous calcium aluminophosphate, is proved to be necessary to obtain a material with high mechanical strength. Thanks to response surface methodology and multi-criteria optimization, a composition domain of the mixing solution is pointed out, leading to a material with good properties (in terms of setting time, self-heating and mechanical strength) for waste conditioning.A crystallographic study also shows that brushite is able to incorporate at least 30 % (mol/mol) of strontium in substitution for calcium in its structure. Strontium retention tests by a ground cement paste in diluted suspension lead to a type S sorption isotherm, meaning that several retention mechanisms are involved. Finally, a leaching experiment performed on a cement monolith containing strontium shows that this species is well confined within the cement matrix, with a retention coefficient at least two orders of magnitude higher than that of a Portland cement paste.
100

Studies on Synthesis, Structural and Electrical Properties of Complex Oxide Thin Films: Ba1-xSrxTiO3 and La2-xSrxNiO4

Podpirka, Adrian Alexander 27 July 2012 (has links)
High performance miniaturized passives are of great importance for advanced nanoelectronic packages for several applications including efficient power delivery. Low cost thin film capacitors fabricated directly on package (and/or on-chip) are an attractive approach towards realizing such devices. This thesis aims to explore fundamental frequency dependent dielectric and insulating properties of thin film high-k dielectric constant in the perovskite and perovskite-related complex oxides. Throughout this thesis, we have successfully observed the role of structure, strain and oxygen stoichiometry on the dielectric properties of thin film complex oxides, allowing a greater understanding of processing conditions and polarization mechanisms. In the first section of the thesis, we explore novel processing methods in the conventional ferroelectric, barium strontium titanate, \(Ba_{1-x}Sr_xTiO_3 (BST)\), using ultraviolet enhanced oxidation techniques in order to achieve improvements in the dielectric properties. Using this method, we also explore the growth of BST on inexpensive non-noble metals such as Ni which presents technical challenges due to the ability to oxidize at high temperatures. We observe a significant lowering of the dielectric loss while also lowering the process temperature which allows us to maintain an intimate interface between the dielectric layer and the metal electrode. The second section of this thesis explores the novel dielectric material, Lanthanum Strontium Nickelate, \(La_{2-x}Sr_xNiO_4 (LSNO)\), which exhibits a colossal dielectric response. For the first time, we report on the colossal dielectric properties of polycrystalline and epitaxial thin film LSNO. We observe a significant polarization dependence on the microstructure due to the grain/grain boundary interaction with charged carriers. We next grew epitaxial films on various insulating oxide substrates in order to decouple the grain boundary interaction. Here we observed substrate dependent dielectric properties associated with induced strain. We also observe, due to the p-type carriers in LSNO, pn junction formation when grown epitaxially on the conducting oxide degenerate n-type Nb-doped \(SrTiO_3\). Finally we explore the growth mechanism of epitaxial LSNO as a function of high oxygen content. Due to the ability for LSNO to take in interstitial oxygen, a reoriented growth is observed at a critical thickness, thereby allowing us to vary anisotropy as a function of deposition conditions. / Engineering and Applied Sciences

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