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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O nitreto de boro hexagonal (h-BN) tem uma estrutura cristalina similar ao grafite e é conhecido como um importante material cerâmico com propriedades interessantes, tais como a excelente estabilidade química, boa resistência à corrosão, baixa densidade, alto ponto de fusão e boa condutividade térmica. Estas características fazem do h-BN um candidato atraente para uma ampla gama de aplicações técnicas. Recentemente, muitos estudos têm relatado a preparação de estruturas de nitreto de boro (BN) com morfologias especiais, tais como nanofolhas, nanofios e nanotubos. Este trabalho apresenta uma rota de síntese de nanoestruturas de BN produzidas a partir de boro elementar, nitrato de amônio e hematita como catalisador, em forno tubular pelo método CVD (chemical vapor deposition). O objetivo do trabalho é sintetizar nanoestruturas de nitreto de boro buscando aprimorar suas propriedades magnéticas oriundas do catalisador utilizado na reação. Para isso foram realizadas diferentes sínteses variando-se a concentração de catalisador no material de partida e a duração dos tratamentos térmicos. O estudo das propriedades magnéticas do material tem o intuito de verificar o potencial de aplicação dessas nanoestruturas, principalmente em tratamentos biomédicos como a hipertermia magnética. Estas amostras foram tratadas termicamente em diferentes etapas. A caracterização das amostras foi feita através de espectroscopia de infravermelho (FTIR), espectroscopia Mössbauer, difração de raios X (XRD), magnetômetro de amostra vibrante (VSM), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET). Através da análise dos resultados obtidos foi possível confirmar a formação do h-BN, e elucidar as propriedades físico-químicas, estruturais e magnéticas das amostras. A partir das imagens de microscopia foi possível comprovar a formação de nanoestruturas de BN com morfologias variadas. Entre as nanoestruturas encontradas estão: nanofolhas, nanofibras, nanofios e nanotubos. Medidas de magnetização e espectroscopia Mössbauer mostraram que amostras com uma maior concentração do catalisador ou submetidas a um tratamento térmico prolongado apresentaram melhor magnetização. Testes de hipertermia magnética mostraram que as amostras que tiverem suas propriedades magnéticas aprimoradas apresentaram um maior potencial para geração de calor. / Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has a crystal structure similar to graphite and it is well known as one important ceramic material with interesting properties, such as excellent chemical stability, good resistance to corrosion, low density, high melting point, and outstanding thermal and electrical properties. These characteristics make h-BN an attractive candidate for a wide range of technical applications. Recently, many studies have been reporting the preparation of nanostructures of boron nitride (BN) with special morphologies, such as nanosheets and nanotubes. This work reports a synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes produced from elemental boron powder, ammonium nitrate and hematite in tubular furnace by CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method. The aim of this work is to synthesize nanostructures of boron nitride seeking to improve their magnetic properties originating from the catalyst used in the reaction. For this different synthesis were carried out varying the catalyst concentration in the starting material and the duration of heat treatment. The magnetic properties of the materials were evaluated to verify the potential application of these nanostructures, especially in biomedical applications such as magnetic hyperthermia. These samples were thermally treated at different stages. The characterization of the samples was carried out by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). By analyzing the results it was possible to confirm the formation of h-BN, and to elucidate the physico-chemical, structural and magnetic properties of the samples. From the microscope images it was possible to prove the formation of BN nanostructures with different morphologies, like nanosheets, nanofibers, nanowires and nanotubes. Magnetization measurements and Mössbauer spectroscopy showed that samples with a higher concentration of the catalyst or subjected to prolonged treatment showed better magnetization. Tests have shown that hyperthermia magnetic samples which have enhanced magnetic properties had a greater potential for heat generation.

The study of two pharmaceutically active systems that each display polymorphism has provided a platform upon which to develop and apply solid-state NMR techniques in order to increase the understanding of the solid-state structure of small organic molecules. The multidisciplinary approach adopted has highlighted the advantages of solid-state NMR as a non-invasive probe of molecular conformation and crystallographic packing.Carbon-13 CP/MAS spectra of the two polymorphs of BRL55834 - a fluorinated benzopyran derivative - immediately suggest the presence of one and three molecules in the asymmetric unit. A lack of crystals suitable for single-crystal XRD has catalysed the application of high-power powder X-ray diffraction studies. Subsequent attempts at structure solution using Genetic Algorithm techniques are showing preliminary results that reinforce predictions made from solid-state NMR. Novel triple-channel techniques have aided assignment and resolution of die complex (^13)C CP/MAS spectra. Enrichment of the (^15)N site appears to have resulted in the formation of a new polymorph. Techniques for the analysis of detection Units have been developed using solid-state Raman spectroscopy and chemometric analysis. The aminoxanthine derivative, BRL61063, provides interesting inter-form variations in molecular disorder, solid-state packing, and hydrogen bonding. A previously basic understanding of the single-crystal XRD data has been further evaluated through the course of this Ph.D. and solid-state NMR spectral editing techniques have been developed and applied to identify these phenomena. Recrystallisation studies have produced two samples that appear to exist in an intermediate state between the rigid and mobile structural limits. Temperature variation causes interesting changes in the relaxation characteristics and natural abundance (^15)N and (^13)C CP/MAS spectra. Residual dipolar coupling effects vary in their manifestation within the (^13)C CP/MAS spectra of the polymorphic systems studied and comparison with the literature yields important information regarding molecular conformation. Nitrogen-15 enrichment and operation at higher magnetic field have been applied to reduce these second order effects. Finally, some distance has been travelled along the path towards decoupling (^14)N. Future development of this technique holds potential for resolution enhancement in the solid state spectra of most naturally occurring, nitrogen-containing molecules.

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