No

Brick veneer / steel stud curtain wall systems have become a popular alternative in the ever competitive construction market. However, the application of such systems has preceded any formal scientific investigation into its long term serviceability and safety. Of particular interest to many parties is the performance of the wall system under typical winter conditions as would be encountered in cold climate countries such as Canada. In this study, an experimental investigation of three types of brick veneer / steel stud curtain walls was performed with a specially built apparatus used to impose air pressure, temperature and vapour pressure differentials across test specimens. In all, five wall specimens were tested for air leakage, thermal performance and moisture accumulation. An analytical investigation was also carried out with a simple, custom made finite difference computer program specially suited to determine temperature profiles in walls with a steel stud framing system. Six types of walls are evaluated with the model. A significant part of the research involved the design, construction and improvement of the test apparatus. Since the apparatus is unique, a chapter is devoted to its description. The conclusions presented indicate that certain wall designs perform poorly and that even small construction flaws can lead to serviceability problems. Conversely, care in choice and placement of the air barrier, vapour barrier and thermal insulation in the wall system can lead to a wall system that can sustain a small degree of construction errors and at the same time perform satisfactorily. It is furthermore concluded that the apparatus built for this study has real potential as a cost effective test tool suitable for adaptation for a standard test method to evaluate the environmental performance of wall systems in general. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in the changes in levels of differentiation, as measured by the Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI) (Knauth & Skowron, 2004), that occurred among high school students who participated in a semester-long (n = 69) and year-long (n = 119) AFS (formerly known as American Field Service) program and a control group (n = 75) that did not study abroad. Gender of student and level of individualism of host country were also examined. The DSI full scale and four subscales: emotional reactivity, I position, emotional cutoff, and fusion with others were used to assess levels of differentiation. This study was a non-equivalent control group experimental pretest-posttest design. Pretest scores were used as the covariate in the posttest ANCOVA. Results revealed that female students who studied abroad for both one year and one semester experienced significant increases in levels of differentiation as measured by the DSI full scale versus female students who did not study abroad. There were no significant differences among males who studied abroad for one year, one semester or not at all. Additional results indicate a significant difference in changes in level of differentiation, as measured by the DSI full scale, between genders in the control group and the semester abroad group. Additional gender differences were revealed on the emotional reactivity and fusion with others subscales. Level of host country's individualism was not a significant factor. Results support previous literature which states that males and females engage in differing processes when forming their identity. Results also demonstrate that studying abroad is a meaningful life experience significant enough to assist females with increasing levels of differentiation. Additional results, a discussion of the results, limitations, and implications for practice and research are also provided. / Ph. D.

Detta examensarbete har gjorts på uppdrag av Rottne Industri AB och berör matarhjulens dubbinträngning i virket. Matarhjulen sitter monterade i skördaraggregatet i skördaren, en skogsmaskin som används vid skogsavverkning. Då inträngningen, som uppstår av dubbarna på matarhjulen, är för stor (>5mm) bildas skador på virket vilket är ett utbrett problem inom skogsmaskinindustrin. Studien kartlägger de vanligaste dubbmönstrens skadeåverkan under kontrollerade och vetenskapliga förhållanden där testerna är designade för att efterlikna verklig skogsavverkning. I studien utförs två tester. Det första visar sambandet mellan presskraft och inskjutningsmått för respektive dubbmönster. Det andra är utformat för att se förmågan att överföra kraft mellan dubbmönstret och virket, så kallad skjuvdragning. Sju dubbmönster kommer att undersökas i studien. Om man ser till den tekniska information utvunnen ur testerna så har finnskogsvalsen med dubbla ribbor ett klart övertag speciellt i skjuvningssituationer. Däremot måste fler aspekter tas med i beräkningarna vid valet av dubbmönster. En av dem är tendenser för barkpackning i mönstrets håligheter. Då finnskogsvalsen med dubbla ribbor är ett förhållandevis tätt mönster måste omfattande undersökningar göras angående den aspekten innan det kan tas i fullt bruk. / This diploma work has been done on commission by Rottne Industri AB and affects the feed rollers and their stud’s penetration in timber. The feed rollers are mounted in the harvester head which sits on a timber cutting machine used for harvesting wood (harvester). When the damage caused by the studs is too deep the timber is permanently damaged which is a big problem for the industry. Two tests is carried out in the study. The first shows the connection between the pressing force and the damage depth made by the studs. The second test is designed to show the stud patterns ability of transferring power from the feed rollers to the timber. Seven stud patterns are examined in this study. According to the technical information retrieved by the tests finnskogsvalsen with double ribs has the best characteristic abilities, especially in the pull test. But more aspects has to be dealt with before this pattern can be used in the reality. One obvious problem this stud pattern could have is a tendency to store bark during operation, this is a major problem in the woods.

<p>Detta examensarbete har gjorts på uppdrag av Rottne Industri AB och berör matarhjulens dubbinträngning i virket. Matarhjulen sitter monterade i skördaraggregatet i skördaren, en skogsmaskin som används vid skogsavverkning. Då inträngningen, som uppstår av dubbarna på matarhjulen, är för stor (>5mm) bildas skador på virket vilket är ett utbrett problem inom skogsmaskinindustrin. Studien kartlägger de vanligaste dubbmönstrens skadeåverkan under kontrollerade och vetenskapliga förhållanden där testerna är designade för att efterlikna verklig skogsavverkning.</p><p>I studien utförs två tester. Det första visar sambandet mellan presskraft och inskjutningsmått för respektive dubbmönster. Det andra är utformat för att se förmågan att överföra kraft mellan dubbmönstret och virket, så kallad skjuvdragning. Sju dubbmönster kommer att undersökas i studien.</p><p>Om man ser till den tekniska information utvunnen ur testerna så har finnskogsvalsen med dubbla ribbor ett klart övertag speciellt i skjuvningssituationer. Däremot måste fler aspekter tas med i beräkningarna vid valet av dubbmönster. En av dem är tendenser för barkpackning i mönstrets håligheter. Då finnskogsvalsen med dubbla ribbor är ett förhållandevis tätt mönster måste omfattande undersökningar göras angående den aspekten innan det kan tas i fullt bruk.</p> / <p>This diploma work has been done on commission by Rottne Industri AB and affects the feed rollers and their stud’s penetration in timber. The feed rollers are mounted in the harvester head which sits on a timber cutting machine used for harvesting wood (harvester). When the damage caused by the studs is too deep the timber is permanently damaged which is a big problem for the industry.</p><p>Two tests is carried out in the study. The first shows the connection between the pressing force and the damage depth made by the studs. The second test is designed to show the stud patterns ability of transferring power from the feed rollers to the timber. Seven stud patterns are examined in this study.</p><p>According to the technical information retrieved by the tests finnskogsvalsen with double ribs has the best characteristic abilities, especially in the pull test. But more aspects has to be dealt with before this pattern can be used in the reality. One obvious problem this stud pattern could have is a tendency to store bark during operation, this is a major problem in the woods.</p>

A three dimensional nonlinear finite element model has been developed to study the behaviour of composite beams with profiled sheeting oriented perpendicular to its axis. The analysis of the push test was carried out using ABAQUS/Explicit with slow load application to ensure a quasi-static solution. Both material and geometric nonlinearities were taken into account. Elastic¿plastic material models were used for all steel components and the Concrete Damaged Plasticity model was used for the concrete slab. The post-failure behaviour of the push test was accurately predicted, which is crucial for realistic determination of shear capacity, slip and failure mode. The results obtained from finite element analysis were verified against the experimental push tests conducted in this research and also from other studies. After validation, the model was used to carry out an extensive parametric study to investigate the effect of transverse spacing in push tests with double studs placed in favourable and staggered positions with various concrete strengths. The results were also compared with the capacity of a single shear stud. It was found that shear connector resistance of pairs of shear connectors placed in favourable position was 94% of the strength of a single shear stud on average, when the transverse spacing between studs was 200 mm or more. For the same spacing, the resistance of staggered pairs of studs was only 86% of the strength of a single stud. The strength of double shear studs in favourable position was higher than that of the staggered pairs of shear connectors.

As gestantes podem apresentar problemas de saúde que muitas vezes requerem o uso de medicamentos. Portanto, os estudos de utilização de medicamentos durante a gravidez são relevantes devido aos riscos potenciais que os medicamentos podem causar no feto em desenvolvimento, além disso, podem evitar o uso indiscriminado desses durante a gestação. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar os medicamentos utilizados pelas gestantes em atendimento pré-natal em uma maternidade de Ribeirão Preto-SP. Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal retrospectivo. Participaram do estudo 699 mulheres que encontravam-se pelo menos na 30ª semana gestacional. Os dados foram coletados de junho a novembro de 2008, através de um formulário previamente estruturado. Esse fómulário continha 44 perguntas que abordava dados sócio-econômico-demográficos, além de perguntas específicas sobre a gravidez e a utilização de medicamentos durante este período. O perfil encontrado foi de uma mulher com idade média de 24,9 anos, dona de casa, com ensino médio completo, que mora com companheiro e está na segunda gestação. Cerca de 20,0% das entrevistadas iniciaram seu pré-natal na 12ª semana e 75,3% realizaram pelo menos seis consultas de pré-natal. A utilização de pelo menos um medicamento durante a gravidez foi relatado por 98,0% das usuárias, sendo a média de 4,35. Os medicamentos mais utilizados pelas gestantes foram o sulfato ferroso (70.4%), paracetamol (57.8%), vacina dupla adulto (46.9%) e pomada ginecológica não identificada (31.9%). Apenas 20% das entrevistadas utilizaram ácido fólico. De acordo com a classificação da categoria de risco do FDA, entre todos os medicamentos utilizados 20.55% eram da categoria de risco A, 25.20% da B, 14.07% da C, 1.85% da D e 0.03% da X, 38.30% dos medicamentos utilizados pelas gestantes não foram identificados e/ou não são classificados pelo FDA. Os resultados deste estudo são semelhantes aos descritos na literatura, onde as gestantes são expostas a uma grande variedade de medicamentos, sendo assim, é necessário melhorar a qualidade do atendimento a essa população, principalmente em relação a utilização de medicamentos, promovendo o seu uso racional. / Pregnant women can present health problems that often require the use of drugs. Therefore, the drugs utilization studies during pregnancy are relevant due to the potential risks that drugs can provide to the fetus, besides, they can prevent the indiscriminate use of drugs during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to describe drugs used during pregnancy for pregnant women in prenatal care in maternity of Ribeirão Preto - SP. A cross-sectional descriptive study was used. A total of 699 pregnant women who were at the minimum in the 30th week of gestation participated in the study. Data were collected from June 2008 to November 2008 using a structured form. For data collecting the pregnant women answered a structured form and previously tested with 44 questions including their socio-economic-demographic data, besides specific questions about their pregnancy and drugs used during it. The profile was a pregnant woman of mean age 24.9 years old, housewife, high schooled, living with a partner and on her second pregnancy. About 20% of pregnant women began prenatal care in their 12th week of gestation and 75.3% had at least six pre-natal consultations. From 699 pregnant women interviewed, the use of at least one drug during pregnancy was reported by 98% of them. The mean of the drugs used by pregnant woman was of 4.35. The drugs most used by the pregnant women were ferrous sulfate (70.4%), acetaminophen (57.8%), antitetanic and diphtheria vaccine (46.9%) and an ointment gynecology unidentified (31.9%). Only 20% of the pregnant women used folic acid during pregnancy. According to the FDA risk classification, of all drugs used by pregnant women, 20.55% belonged to category A risk, 25.20% to category B, 14.07% to category C, 1.85% to category D, 0.03% to category X and 38.30% of the drugs used by pregnant women were not identified or were not classified by the FDA. Thus, the findings of this study are similar to those described in the literature. Pregnant women have been exposed to a variety of drugs and there is a need to improve the quality of care to pregnant women in order to prevent potential risks to the fetus, especially in relation to the use of drugs.

Use of composite steel construction with precast hollow core slabs is now popular in the UK,but the present knowledge in shear capacity of the headed shear studs for this type of composite construction is very limited. Currently, all the information is based on the results obtained from experimental push-off tests. A finite element model to simulate the behaviour of headed stud shear connection in composite beam with precast hollow core slabs is described. The model is based on finite element method and takes into account the linear and non-linear behaviour of all the materials. The model has been validated against the test results, for which the accuracy of the model used is demonstrated. Parametric studies showing the effect of the change in transverse gap size, transverse reinforcement diameter and in-situ concrete strength on the shear connection capacity are presented.

The presented diploma thesis deals with historical development of the organized horse breeding in the Czech lands, with a special focus on the provincial breeding of distinct farm type. The main research was carried out in the sphere of activities of the present Provincial Stud Farm in Písek (?Zemský hřebčinec Písek?). The reason for choosing this breeding institute is the fact that it concerns the only provincial stud farm in the Czech lands that was offering to breeders both warm-blooded and heavy stud horses in the monitored period while their numbers were adjusted in accordance with the demand of mare owners. The diploma thesis can be divided in two parts. The first part provides readers with the introduction to the issue of individual types of horses and puts the work in a broader historical context. This block includes also an iconographic analyse of the paintings with hippologic themes and the texts comparing breeding of horses in the aristocratic and courtly environment in the first half of the 17th century, using an example of the Imperial Courtly Stud Farm in Kladruby nad Labem (?Císařský dvorní hřebčín Kladruby nad Labem?) and Smrkovice?s Game Preserve of Albrecht from Valdštejn (?smrkovická Obora Albrechta z Valdštejna?) in the region of Nový Bydžov. The second part describes the key research of horse breeding in the Czech lands, for the most part built on the mating protocols of the station of farm stud horses in Humpolec, and includes the strategies of breeders in this region compared with the other regions under administration of the Provincial Stud Farm in Písek. It deals mainly with breeding of trendy heavy horses of Belgian and Noric breed demanded by farmers, while these horses were experiencing their last big growth in the first half of the 20th century.

As gestantes podem apresentar problemas de saúde que muitas vezes requerem o uso de medicamentos. Portanto, os estudos de utilização de medicamentos durante a gravidez são relevantes devido aos riscos potenciais que os medicamentos podem causar no feto em desenvolvimento, além disso, podem evitar o uso indiscriminado desses durante a gestação. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar os medicamentos utilizados pelas gestantes em atendimento pré-natal em uma maternidade de Ribeirão Preto-SP. Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal retrospectivo. Participaram do estudo 699 mulheres que encontravam-se pelo menos na 30ª semana gestacional. Os dados foram coletados de junho a novembro de 2008, através de um formulário previamente estruturado. Esse fómulário continha 44 perguntas que abordava dados sócio-econômico-demográficos, além de perguntas específicas sobre a gravidez e a utilização de medicamentos durante este período. O perfil encontrado foi de uma mulher com idade média de 24,9 anos, dona de casa, com ensino médio completo, que mora com companheiro e está na segunda gestação. Cerca de 20,0% das entrevistadas iniciaram seu pré-natal na 12ª semana e 75,3% realizaram pelo menos seis consultas de pré-natal. A utilização de pelo menos um medicamento durante a gravidez foi relatado por 98,0% das usuárias, sendo a média de 4,35. Os medicamentos mais utilizados pelas gestantes foram o sulfato ferroso (70.4%), paracetamol (57.8%), vacina dupla adulto (46.9%) e pomada ginecológica não identificada (31.9%). Apenas 20% das entrevistadas utilizaram ácido fólico. De acordo com a classificação da categoria de risco do FDA, entre todos os medicamentos utilizados 20.55% eram da categoria de risco A, 25.20% da B, 14.07% da C, 1.85% da D e 0.03% da X, 38.30% dos medicamentos utilizados pelas gestantes não foram identificados e/ou não são classificados pelo FDA. Os resultados deste estudo são semelhantes aos descritos na literatura, onde as gestantes são expostas a uma grande variedade de medicamentos, sendo assim, é necessário melhorar a qualidade do atendimento a essa população, principalmente em relação a utilização de medicamentos, promovendo o seu uso racional. / Pregnant women can present health problems that often require the use of drugs. Therefore, the drugs utilization studies during pregnancy are relevant due to the potential risks that drugs can provide to the fetus, besides, they can prevent the indiscriminate use of drugs during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to describe drugs used during pregnancy for pregnant women in prenatal care in maternity of Ribeirão Preto - SP. A cross-sectional descriptive study was used. A total of 699 pregnant women who were at the minimum in the 30th week of gestation participated in the study. Data were collected from June 2008 to November 2008 using a structured form. For data collecting the pregnant women answered a structured form and previously tested with 44 questions including their socio-economic-demographic data, besides specific questions about their pregnancy and drugs used during it. The profile was a pregnant woman of mean age 24.9 years old, housewife, high schooled, living with a partner and on her second pregnancy. About 20% of pregnant women began prenatal care in their 12th week of gestation and 75.3% had at least six pre-natal consultations. From 699 pregnant women interviewed, the use of at least one drug during pregnancy was reported by 98% of them. The mean of the drugs used by pregnant woman was of 4.35. The drugs most used by the pregnant women were ferrous sulfate (70.4%), acetaminophen (57.8%), antitetanic and diphtheria vaccine (46.9%) and an ointment gynecology unidentified (31.9%). Only 20% of the pregnant women used folic acid during pregnancy. According to the FDA risk classification, of all drugs used by pregnant women, 20.55% belonged to category A risk, 25.20% to category B, 14.07% to category C, 1.85% to category D, 0.03% to category X and 38.30% of the drugs used by pregnant women were not identified or were not classified by the FDA. Thus, the findings of this study are similar to those described in the literature. Pregnant women have been exposed to a variety of drugs and there is a need to improve the quality of care to pregnant women in order to prevent potential risks to the fetus, especially in relation to the use of drugs.