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The purposes of this research project were to develop a Dietitian Selection Scale (DSS) and to compare the personality profiles of female therapeutic and administrative dietitians. Both purposes were investigated using the California Psychological Inventory (CPI), and the second purpose, the comparison, was also, investigated using the Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI). Holland's (1973) theory of career selection served as the theoretical base for this study.;Subjects for this study were 250 female registered dietitians. The control group consisted of 145 female registered dietitians attending a state meeting in Virginia, while 105 were respondents from a randomized mailing to female registered dietitians across the nation.;The hypothesis that there would be a significant difference in the response pattern of female registered dietitians and women in general as measured by the empirically developed DSS was accepted. The hypothesis that female therapeutic dietitians would exhibit a significant difference in response pattern from female administrative dietitians as measured by a scale analysis of the VPI was rejected, but one scale on the CPI did differentiate the two groups significantly.;The results indicated that female dietitians can be differentiated from women in general by response pattern to specific items on the CPI and that therapeutic dietitians can be differentiated from administrative dietitians on the scale of Dominance on the CPI.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of written paradoxical directives on problem resolution and level of intimacy in selected married couples.;The population selected was married couples participating in selected churches in the geographical region of Williamsburg, Virginia. Volunteer couples completed a survey questionaire stating one problem in their relationship they would like to see changed. The sample consisted of 32 married couples with 11 couples randomly assigned to paradoxical directive and attention-placebo treatment groups and 10 couples to a no-treatment control group.;Couples in the paradoxical group were sent a four-paragraph paradoxical letter encouraging them to continue or exaggerate the stated problem. Couples in the attention-placebo group received structurally identical letters but without the paradoxical component. The control group received no letter.;It was hypothesized that couples in the paradoxical group would show greater (1) perceived problem relief, (2) perceived problem-solving ability, (3) level of perceived intimacy, (4) level of expected intimacy, (5) favorable perception of the mate, and (6) quality of the relationship than couples in the attention-placebo and control groups.;It was concluded that no statistical evidence existed to support the hypotheses.;Further study is needed to investigate the effectiveness of paradoxical directives on marital problem-solving and the several dimensions of intimacy.

The systematic skills-training programs which have been widely applied for the training of counselors have typically been designed with the assumption that all clients consuming the services of a counselor are voluntarily seeking help. In fact, many clients enter counseling reluctantly. Reluctance in this study is defined as a client who really doesn't want to be in counseling. This is very common among adolescent populations who frequently enter counseling because of the courts, schools, or their parents. They, therefore, comply with the authority of these institutions and are not self-motivated.;This study examined the nonverbal counselor techniques in a study which compared the nonverbal techniques traditionally endorsed by the counselor training literature to techniques which are detached or less involved. Actual clients were selected from a community counseling agency for adolescents with drug related problems. These clients were separated into voluntary clients (n=16) and reluctant clients (n=16). Clients were assigned to groups based on a brief questionaire and counselor interview. Voluntary clients were defined as presenting sincerity in wishing to receive help. Reluctant clients were defined as not really wanting to be in counseling.;Specific hypotheses for this study stated in the null were: (1) There will be no significant difference between ratings of trunk lean by reluctant adolescent clients and volunteer adolescent clients (accepted). (2) There will be no significant difference between the ratings of body orientation by reluctant adolescent clients and volunteer adolescent clients (rejected on two items PR > F = .041 and PR > F = .025). (3) There will be no significant difference between the ratings of body position by reluctant adolescent clients and volunteer adolescent clients (accepted). (5) There will be no significant difference between the ratings of head nods by reluctant adolescent clients and volunteer adolescent clients (rejected on one item PR > F = .015). (6) Reluctant adolescent clients will not choose the detached counselor style over the involved counselor style (accepted on four of the five tape series, p < .05). (7) Voluntary adolescent clients will not choose the involved counselor style over the detached counselor style (accepted on two of the five tape series, p < .05 and P < .01).;Subjects were asked to view ten brief videotape segments during their initial interview. . . . (Author's abstract exceeds stipulated maximum length. Discontinued here with permission of author.) UMI.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact an inpatient substance abuse counselors' spiritual well-being had on chemically dependent patients' spiritual well-being over the course of two weeks in treatment.;Raymond Paloutzian and Craig Ellison developed the Spiritual Well-Being Scale which was utilized in this study along with the Rokeach Value Survey, the Personal Orientation Inventory, and the Profile of Adaptation to Life Scale. Pre and Post test packets containing the Spiritual Well-Being Scale and the Profile of Adaptation to Life Scale were administered to one hundred ten inpatient alcohol and drug patients. A total of forty-five alcohol and drug counselors from around the Commonwealth of Virginia were also administered packets containing the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, the Rokeach Value Survey, and the Personal Orientation Inventory. Eleven of the forty-five counselors were inpatient counselors that selected ten patients from their groups to give the pre and post test packets. The remaining packets were sent by mail to a random sample of Certified Substance Abuse Counselors in Virginia.;Multiple Regression statistics were utilized in the analysis indicating a significant correlation between the dependent variable of spiritual well-being and self-acceptance from the Personal Orientation Inventory, wisdom and loving from the Rokeach Value Survey. The results also indicated a significant change score in the patient's spiritual well-being scale pre and post test, however, it was not related to the counselor's spiritual well-being.;Overall, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale appeared to be a helpful tool for evaluating addiction treatment benefits. This instrument in particular could be used as a quality assessment tool not only for treatment programs, but for patients to be able to see improvement in their well-being.;Further research on the impact of a treatment milieu group consciousness on well-being would also be recommended. to this end, further research could compare the effects of the inpatient treatment milieu with that of outpatient group therapy on spiritual well-being.

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a procedure to measure the effects of covert death anxiety on the physiological and affective responses of student nurses. The author also hoped to demonstrate the feasibility of the utilization of a personal computer as a tachistoscope for the purpose of presenting subliminal death stimuli; evaluate the use of heart rate change as a physiological measure and the State scale of the STAI as the affective measure of the momentary response to the death stimuli, with the Templer Death Anxiety Scale as the trait measure.;The subjects of the study were 44 student nurses enrolled in an associate degree program at J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College in Richmond, Virginia. The overall design of this study was a counterbalanced two-treatment random assignment contrast group experimental paradigm.;It was hypothesized that (1) there would be a significant difference at the.05 level between the response to death word stimuli presented subliminally versus supraliminally as measured by heart rate changes and the State Anxiety Scale; and (2) there would be a significant correlation at the.05 level between the Templer Death Anxiety Scale and the heart rate change for the presentation of death stimuli.;Although the results were not significant at the.05 level, there was a large difference in the means of the two treatment groups (p {dollar}>{dollar}.07) for heart rate change. The large difference in the means of the two groups suggests that a study utilizing more potent death stimuli such as personalized death imagery or personalized death picture symbols may produce significant results for the procedure employed in the present study.

The general problem to which this study was directed was the effect upon attitude and achievement of eighth, eleventh, and twelfth grade students, some of whom were underachievers themselves, tutoring other underachieving elementary school students. In order to analyze this general problem, answers were sought to the following questions: Will the tutors demonstrate greater improvement than pupils in the control group in specific attitudinal and achievement areas? Will the tutors demonstrate greater improvement than the tutees in specific attitudinal and achievement areas? Will the tutors who are underachieving at the outset of the program demonstrate greater improvement than the tutors achieving on or above grade level at the outset in specific attitudinal and achievement areas? Will the tutees demonstrate significant improvement in specific attitudinal and achievement areas? This investigation was limited to the following attitudinal and achievement areas: Attitude toward school Attitude toward teachers Attitude toward working with others Study habits Reading achievement

The Jefferson County Readiness Test, a locally developed readiness test, has been in use in the Jefferson County, Kentucky elementary schools for seventeen years. This test had not been standardized and few studies were available to support its use. The JCRT was studied to determine if the test was a valid predictor of readiness and achievement. Phase I of the study was designed to study the JCRT as a predictor of readiness. Beginning first year students in one elementary school were selected and JCRT scores, Metropolitan Readiness Test scores, and teachers' perceptions of readiness were collected for each child. Results of Phase I found the JCRT to be a concurrently valid and internally reliable predictor of readiness. Phase II of the study was designed to determine the value of the JCRT as a predictor of post first grade achievement. Data were collected for third year students in three Jefferson County elementary schools. Data included JCRT scores, Otis Lennon Mental Ability Test scores, Metropolitan Achievement Test scores, and demographic data. Multilinear regression analyses were computed to determine what factors best predicted achievement. Intelligence was found to be the best predictor of both reading and mathematics achievement. The JCRT was not found to be a major predictor of post first grade achievement.

This project was a study of values of selected seventh, tenth, and twelfth grade students in Kentucky and Michigan. Students were instructed to rank order ten of the twenty values listed on the Low Vocabulary Values Survey. Descriptive comparisons were made within groups and between groups relative to sex and grade level differences. "I believe in God" and "I enjoy life" were ranked highest by each of the groups. "I get an allowance" was ranked least frequently. Twelfth grade students ranked "I make my own decisions" and "I express myself" higher than did the seventh grade students. Seventh grade students ranked "my family stays together" higher than did the tenth and twelfth grade students. Implications for additional research have been identified in this study. vii

A selected sample of six hundred ninth-grade public school students from six schools of the Jefferson County, Kentucky, school system was surveyed to determine their perceptions regarding selected counselor services. A questionnaire was designed made up of questions related to the hypotheses being tested. No distinction was made between male and female responses and students from all socio-economic classes and the various ability groups were included. Based on the data obtained from this study the following conclusions were drawn: (1) secondary school counselors are identified as persons who can give assistance in the areas of educational and vocational planning as well as with school-related problems; (2) secondary school counselors are not identified by ninth-grade students as persons who can help with problems of a personal nature; (3) ninth-grade students delineated the role of the counselor as different from the role cf the principal or the role of the teacher; and (4) the secondary school counselor has been identified as helpful to those students with whom he worked. Additional studies were recommended.