Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-28T18:38:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 formacao_continuada.pdf: 730418 bytes, checksum: 6a7636bf82b84c4e50a7ab59795641eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-28T18:38:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 formacao_continuada.pdf: 730418 bytes, checksum: 6a7636bf82b84c4e50a7ab59795641eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A presente pesquisa se propôs a analisar as repercussões do curso de Formação Continuada desenvolvido pelo NUPE-UNISINOS na prática docente das professoras da Educação Infantil participantes do Grupo de Estudos de São Sebastião do Caí, no período de 2007 e 2008. O estudo caracterizou-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa, sendo que os principais instrumentos para levantamento de dados foram: análise de documentos, questionário (envolvendo todas as professoras do grupo de estudos), entrevistas individuais e semiestruturadas (com quatro professoras selecionadas neste grupo) e a observação. Os dados coletados foram analisados a partir de princípios da Análise de Conteúdos. O referencial teórico que iluminou as reflexões sobre a Formação Continuada de Professores e a Inovação foi fundamentalmente baseado em autores como: Freire (1996), Nóvoa (1995), Marcelo Garcia (1995,1999), Pérez Gómez (1995, 2001), Esteves (2010), Rios (2002, 2006), Cunha (1998, 2006, 2009), Cardoso (1997) e Carbonell (2002), sem detrimento de outras contribuições. A pesquisa possibilitou identificar a relevância desta proposta de formação continuada para as professoras participantes, na medida em que viabilizou um espaço de estudo e troca de conhecimentos que oportunizou às docentes, através do processo reflexivo, ressignificar saberes que resultaram em mudanças nas suas práticas docentes. O estudo também apontou que esse processo formativo contribuiu para a formação docente das participantes sendo que os saberes construídos ainda fazem sentido em suas práticas atuais que revelaram indicadores de inovação. / The objective of this research was to analyze the repercussion of the Continuing Development course given by NUPE UNISINOS for the teaching practice of the Nursery School teachers who attended the Studies Group in São Sebastião do Caí, during the years of 2007 and 2008. The researchs character was qualitative and the main employed methodologies used to data collection were: document analyzes, questionnaire (implicating all the teachers of the Studies Group) individual, semi-structured interviews (with four selected teachers of the Studies Group) and observation. The collected data wasanalyzed using the principles of the Content Analyze. The theoretical reference that enlightened the findings of this research was based on authors like: Freire (1996), Nóvoa (1995), Marcelo Garcia (1995, 1999), Pérez Gomez (1997), Esteves (2010). Rios (2002, 2006), Cunha (1998, 2006, 2009), Cardoso (1997) and Carbonell (2002), besides some others. The research found out the importance of the Continuing Development for the participating teachers, once it created a study and knowledge sharing space. This space allowed the teachers to think about their own practice and ascribe a new meaning for it. The research also learned that this process contributed to the teachers knowledge development once the built knowledge still makes sense for their practice, indicating innovation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how a group of Chinese business students understood the nature and the purpose of the instruction techniques they were exposed to in Britain, and the attitudes the students, Chinese lecturers in China and British lecturers in Britain held towards seminar discussions. The study also investigated how and to what extent students’ prior learning experiences predisposed them to certain attitudes towards seminar discussions. The student participants in this study undertook Part I of their degree programme at a Chinese university for two years before transferring to Britain to study for one year, graduating with a British Bachelors Degree in International Business. Data was gathered from classroom observations, follow-up and exploratory interviews, and a questionnaire survey to discover more about the students’ learning experiences in Part I in China, and from classroom observations, audio-recordings, and follow-up and exploratory interviews to investigate the same group of students’ learning experiences in Part II in Britain. A ranking task and interviews were used to identify the preferences of Chinese students, British lecturers, and Chinese lecturers from China in terms of specific group discussion methods. The study identified three discussion methods used by students in British seminars: these have been termed ‘spiral’, ‘exploratory’ and ‘individual’ methods. The Chinese students tended to use the ‘spiral’ method, repeatedly bringing the discussion back to the question provided by the seminar tutor, whereas the non-Chinese students tended to use the ‘exploratory’ method, reformulating each other’s opinions and building on them by bringing in new information. When discussing within Chinese-only groups, the Chinese students used the ‘individual’ method whereby a group leader took responsibility for the outcomes of the discussion and the other members did not build upon each other’s contributions. Chinese and non-Chinese students sometimes misunderstood each others’ intentions, but were not likely to notice that miscommunication had occurred. The ranking task and the follow-up interviews revealed that the British lecturers preferred the ‘exploratory’ discussion method, whereas Chinese lecturers from China and Chinese students preferred the ‘spiral’ method. The British lecturers were found to adopt a constructivist approach to group discussion tasks, seeing them as a means by which students could obtain professional experience. They treated Business and Management knowledge as divergent and ‘soft’. Chinese lecturers and students, on the other hand, were found to perceive group discussion as a kind of assessment and were keen to find ‘correct’ answers to case study problems, treating Business and Management as convergent and hard disciplines which offered judgements on good practice. The Chinese lecturers in Part I of the programme organised group discussion so that students could exchange answers and check their accuracy, and, perhaps because of this, in Part I the students learnt in an exam-oriented way, strategically dividing up their tasks and working individually on their own task portions in order to find an acceptable answer as quickly as possible. These students were found to continue to employ these strategies during group work after they had transferred to the British component of their degree programme. The study has made a theoretical contribution to knowledge concerning the cultural influences on students’ classroom interactional practices. The findings from the study have implications for the teaching of intercultural business communication, and the enhancement of students’ learning experiences in international business programmes, in business English programmes in China, and whilst learning within groups.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / Organizational structure has profound effects on a joint force commander's ability to perform military actions. Organizations and their environment exhibit an interdependent relationship, requiring a commander to evolve his organization to rapidly achieve mission accomplishment. The CNO Strategic Studies Group XIX report of September 2000 has identified the FORCEnet as being the basis for the U.S. Navy's future network-centric organization, and outlines a military environment that includes multitudes of manned and unmanned vehicles, platforms, sensors, weapons and warfighters. These naval elements will operate jointly, leveraging organizational structure to rapidly sense, assess, and respond to the defense of the nation's security interests as directed by the President. The focus of this research is to examine this envisioned future military environment, the military actions required to achieve success in that environment and the organizational structure(s) that will best fit those action requirements. / Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy