The purpose of this study was to discover similarities and differences in opinions held by secondary art teachers, secondary art students and animators on the role and character of animation in art education. The problem was to determine whether the relative neglect of animation as a part of the art curriculum has come about because the techniques and concepts associated with it are seen as difficult and/or unnecessary to implement by teachers; or whether students are unfamiliar and uninterested in animation as a field of study; or whether animation, in the opinion of professional animators, is not a suitable subject for study. The study was conducted with five secondary art teachers, nine secondary art students and three professional animators. Informants responded verbally to questions posed by the researcher. These responses were documented on a tape recorder and later transcribed for analysis. Responses from the informants generated data relating to five areas of animation: 1) defining animation, 2) potent images, 3) popular culture, 4) careers and 5) backgrounds. The study showed that although animation is a part of students1 popular culture and students are interested in it, teachers are not currently teaching it. Technical difficulties prevent them from doing so, despite the fact that they acknowledge animation as an important art form. The other findings in this study are that both teachers and students are often not consciously aware that they are watching animation; and that there are many misconceptions and prejudices associated with the medium. Implications for art education are discussed. / Education, Faculty of / Graduate

The purposes of this study were to describe and analyze the participation of nurses in continuing learning activities, their reasons for engaging in continuous learning, their attitudes toward continuing nursing education, and their socio-economic characteristics. The study was designed to investigate not only nurses' involvement in conventional forms of planned systematic educational programs such as courses, workshops, and conferences (dependent learning activities), but also their active participation in individual, self-directed learning situations such as reading, and learning packages (independent learning activities). A questionnaire was administered in group sessions and by mail to 220 randomly selected female registered nurses who were employed full or part-time by five general hospitals in the Greater Vancouver area of the province of British Columbia. The hospitals were of medium size (300 - 700 beds) and each had a director or coordinator of inservice education. Each of the respondents participated in at least one of the continuing learning activities accessible to nurses during the year, September 1, 1972 to September 30, 1973, but on the average, the group participation rate was less than half the total possible score. Nonetheless, it was established that the respondents engaged in significantly more independent than dependent learning activities. A factor analysis of S.B. Sheffield's Learning Orientation Index determined that this particular group of nurses did possess the three basic learning orientations described by C. O. Houle but that their reasons for participating in continuous learning could be more precisely defined as being learning, occupational, professional, societal, sociability, interactive, and relief from boredom and frustration-oriented. In addition, the respondents were found to have a favourable attitude to continuing nursing education which related significantly to their participation scores. Other factors related to the nurses' participation in continuing learning activities included the psychological variables - Learning, Sociability, Professional, and Interactive Orientation, as well as the following socio-economic characteristics: number of preschool children, university educational experience, position, employment status, and length of current employment. As a result of multiple regression analyses, three of the learning orientations and the attitude of nurses toward continuing nursing education were found to be better predictors of the respondents participation scores than were certain socio-economic factors. The favourability of nurses' attitudes toward continuing nursing education emerged as the most efficient single predictor. / Education, Faculty of / Graduate

This thesis represents the writer's belief that art possesses unique qualities which make it indispensable in general education. In the attempt to show that this view of art as a vital agent for learning is not new, he points to historical example. He claims that organized society has since antiquity given art a primary role in education, and that this concept is supported by the pronouncements of some of the greatest philosophers and educators in the history of mankind. In arguing the case for a re-appraisal of the aims of art education, the point is made that, in spite of its great potential as a dynamic force in our school curricula, art is barely tolerated as a "fringe" subject by today's administrators. Believing that the choice for art educators lies between the two conflicting positions of "integration or isolation," the writer declares his support for the principle of integration. He claims that important gains have been made in the past by those art educators who have, by interpreting the writings of Sir Herbert Read, followed a policy of education through art. In calling for a vigorous exposition of this policy, the view is advanced that the present-day ills which beset art education will need drastic treatment if art is to realize its full potential as a major component in education. Generalists, as well as specialist art teachers, will have to be convinced of the strong catalystic value of art in the learning process. One way in which teachers might be helped to educate through art, the writer suggests, would be through curriculum materials designed for that purpose and developed for use in teacher education programmes and school classrooms generally. With this central thesis of education through art in mind, the writer describes the development of a proto-type curriculum kit, "The Mask." Data is gathered through field-work in the public school system and in teacher education programmes, with the researcher directly involved as a participant/observer. Consisting of slides, taped music and teaching notes, the kit is aimed at an integrated approach to learning through art. Although the theme has the needs of elementary school social studies in view, the researcher stresses the flexibility of purpose which he intends for the materials. Despite the necessarily limited number of opinions he was able to gather, the encouraging response from student-teachers, art teachers, and teacher educators leads the researcher to the conclusion that there is a need for curriculum materials that will help teachers to educate through art. Ha further concludes that the need exists, not only at elementary level, but in secondary schools, as well as in teacher education programmes. In terms of future action, the main implication is that an attempt should be made to satisfy that need. This will involve the development of a series of curriculum packages, diverse of theme, but united in their underlying purpose of education through art. / Education, Faculty of / Graduate

Many Egyptians—hyphenated and not—have begun to publicly articulate their struggles with identity confusion, collectivist clash, and communication incapability; these (and similar) issues have, in fact, taken center-stage in both Arabic-language and bilingual (English/Arabic, Arabic/French, etc.) media outlets. The dissertation's two general purposes were, therefore, to: 1) Expand the dialogical model of acculturation (DM), and 2) Discover current cultural climates common among Christians in Egypt and in the diaspora—regardless of where they were born and raised. The general purposes were divided into three narrower goals, including: 1) An exploration of the acculturation strategies of Christian Egyptians, 2) An understanding of current attitudes, anxieties, and/or "dreams" held by Christian Egyptians (living in Egypt or the diaspora), as well as 3) A discovery of participants' manifestations of the dialogical model of acculturation through an examination of three communication dimensions (Identification, Cultural Orientation, and Communication Style). These goals were, in part, accomplished by asking three main research questions (one of them divided into two segments): RQ1—What are the acculturation strategies that Egyptian Christians in Egypt and the diaspora use to negotiate their identities? RQ2a—What are some of the positive (goals, wishes, desires, "dreams"), negative ("cultural anxieties," conflicts, tensions) and/or neutral issues in the lives of Christian Egyptians in Egypt and the diaspora? RQ2b—How do Christian Egyptians in Egypt and the diaspora negotiate any tensions or conflicts associated with their own desires and/or cultural anxieties? RQ3—How is the dialogical model of acculturation manifested in Christian Egyptians in Egypt and the diaspora with respect to the "three communication dimensions" (Identification, Cultural Orientation, and Communication Style)? The questions were investigated through descriptive questionnaires administered online, and qualitative interviews that were either administered online (synchronously and asynchronously) or conducted face-to-face and video-taped, while the review of online blogs from eight bloggers (one Coptic Orthodox, seven Egyptian Muslim) provided additional insights, achieving validity through corroboration and triangulation. / A Dissertation submitted to the School of Communication in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / Summer Semester, 2010. / April 21, 2010. / Qualitative Research, Salon Marriage, Middle Eastern Studies, Ethnic Studies, Cultural Studies, Cultural Shift, Traditional Culture, Collectivism, High Context Communication, Communication Style, Culture Clash, Struggle, Americopt, Egyptian American, Bicultural, Immigrants, Diaspora, Christian Egyptian, Coptic, Copts, Egypt, Intercultural Communication, Communication, Cross-Cultural Communication, Culture, Identity, Acculturation, Blogs, Online Research, Online Interviews, Identification, Arab American, Hyphenated American, Dialogical Acculturation, Dialogical Model, Generational Struggle / Includes bibliographical references. / Felecia Jordan-Jackson, Professor Directing Dissertation; Stephen McDowell, Professor Directing Dissertation; Peter Garretson, University Representative; Davis Houck, Committee Member.

The problem as considered for this paper is to compare and study the accomplishment, expansion, and enrichment in art education between the years 1948 and 1951 in four counties employing special art supervisors with the accomplishment in art education for the same period in four counties employing only general supervisors concerned with the total curriculum. / Typescript. / "August, 1952." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science." / Advisor: Julia Schwartz, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-53).

"The fundamental aim of mathematics instruction is the teaching of problem solving. For the majority of people this means mathematics is a language with which they can express quantitative relationships. The meanings in this language must be understood; the language must be practiced and applied to life situations if mathematics is to serve its purpose in the school curriculum. To teach mathematics in this manner is a tremendous job. It requires a teacher not only with patience, understanding of the students, and an excellent mathematics background but also with a broader general background. He will need to be able to find varied functional relationships of mathematics to life and must have the skill to help the students understand these relationships, too. In summary, good mathematics instruction includes the proper proportions and the proper interweaving of meanings, drill, and applications at the appropriate level of the student"--Introduction. / "May, 1949." / Typescript. / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science under Plan II." / Advisor: H. C. Trimble, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 17-19).

This study was an exploration into how seniors who participate in art workshops at the senior center experienced and made sense of their art museum visitations. In light of the rapidly increasing aging population in most countries around the world and the corollary notion that their well-being would be a global benchmark for civilized living (Kinsella & Phillips, 2005), the arts and creativity have been gaining momentum as a model for healthy and purposeful aging (Cohen, 2000, 2001; Hanna, 2013; Hanna & Perlstein, 2008). Despite the efforts to make art museums accessible to senior citizens, little empirical evidence and literature can be found that address the museum experiences of older adults, especially those who are considered to be receptive to visiting art museums, based on characteristics of the art exhibition. This study fills that critical gap through the use of phenomenological research methods that incorporate observations, in-depth interviews, a focus group, and document analysis techniques. The research site was selected by conducting evaluations using Serrell's (2006) Framework for Assessing Excellence in Exhibitions from a Visitor-Centered Perspective to identify characteristics of six art exhibitions. The exhibition chosen was rated excellent regarding its levels of achievement for all criteria: comfortable, engaging, reinforcing, and meaningful. The museum fieldtrip was set up to take participants to see the selected art exhibition. The fieldwork contributed a comprehensive perspective of not only experience but also motivation and reflection dimensions of the museum visitation that seniors constructed through the dynamic interaction of personal, sociocultural, and physical contexts. The data from the observation field notes, transcriptions of in-depth interviews and the focus group, and document review were analyzed by using phenomenology data analysis methods and emerging themes were presented in the form of composite descriptions. The results of the data analysis showed that participants were infused by a spirit of inquiry and had a need for being social. Older age-related needs and life-learned wisdom played a key part in shaping seniors' museum experiences emotionally and intellectually. The essence and shared meaning of this group of seniors' art museum visitation experiences culminated in seven key findings: seniors perceived themselves as curiosity-driven museum visitors with older age-related needs and values; sociocultural circumstances played a key part in seniors' art museum visit motivations; seniors constructed their museum experiences on their interests in art with a touch of life-learned wisdom; not only physical but also communication and attitude accessibilities are crucial to older museum visitors; seniors preferred personal interactions in order to maintain social connections; sociable experiences made seniors' meaningful museum experiences memorable; and the art museum visitation cultivated seniors' senses of purpose in terms of staying creative. To make contributions to the current paradigm for creative aging, the findings put forward knowledge that conveys practical ways for art museums and senior centers to work together on making arts and creativity services. These services can dynamically play an important role in building an effective ecosystem of leisure activities for promoting active lifestyles and social well-being among senior citizens. The findings of this study were used to develop seven recommendations that revolve around how art museums and senior centers can foster older visitors' meaningful and memorable museum experiences and collaborate on constructing and sustaining a full cycle of arts experiences and creativity engagement, from passive observation to active participation, not only in but also across communities. / A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Art Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / Fall Semester 2015. / December 2, 2015. / art museum, arts participation, creative aging, exhibition evaluation, museum education, museum experience / Includes bibliographical references. / Pat Villeneuve, Professor Directing Dissertation; Anne Barrett, University Representative; David Gussak, Committee Member; Theresa Van Lith, Committee Member.

This qualitative study, which examines media representation issues of China’s Zhuang people and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, is based on a content analysis of the People’s Daily, the official media organ of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Using the Zhuang and Guangxi as a case study, I investigate CCP strategies of social control within the People’s Daily, advancing scholarship on the authoritarian utilization of media and minority-majority relations. My study features primary research as I provide quantitative data to support my qualitative analysis, concluding that the CCP, within the People’s Daily, strategically prescribes correct ideology and conduct through 1) distortion of reality through projections of power, and disproportionate representation of certain topical categories within the People’s Daily (Chapter Five), 2) distraction from sensitive topics through the displacement, or redirection, of readership’s attention (Chapter Five), and 3) prescription and modeling of correct behavior (Chapter Six). These strategies, I argue, are similar to the Chinese dynastic official texts used to instruct imperial women on how to behave. I not demonstrate in my study the CCP’s strategies in using media to shape thought and maintain social control over the Zhuang and Guangxi, but also explore Zhuang responses to the CCP’s disseminated messages (Chapter Seven). For the content analysis which serves as the basis of my study, I, along with statisticians at Florida State University’s Survey Research Laboratory, categorized all articles published in the People’s Daily from 1990-2015 with the keyword Zhuangzu (Zhuang nationality) into nineteen categories. The five largest were Local Politics and Policy, Development, Culture, Elections, and Interactions with Foreigners. Each category is illustrated in a figure which shows the shifting focuses of the CCP over time. Through my original research, using the data retrieved from the People’s Daily, I construct a periodization in representation of the Zhuang and Guangxi, which I have chosen to organize by phases: “Phase One: Post-Tiananmen Restructuring (1990-1992),” “Phase Two: Deng’s Economic Developments Take Root and Bear Fruit (1992-2001),” “Phase Three: New Millennium, New Problems (1999-2006),” and “Phase Four: China’s Global Debut (2005-2015).” With this periodization, I provide a framework by which to understand twenty-five years of political and economic developments for the Zhuang and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, as I explore the dynamics of the CCP’s use of the People’s Daily for social control. Then, I analyze in depth two phenomena found within the People’s Daily which apply specifically to the Zhuang people. The first is my comparative study between dynastic and modern texts, in which I relate Chinese imperial strategies of control over women and the CCP strategies of control over the Zhuang. I draw parallels between the use of exemplary citizens in official texts to model appropriate behavior, observing how dynastic women and modern Zhuang, each periphery peoples, were ‘managed’ and represented in similar ways by their respective central authorities. Finally, I further investigate the use of tourism as economic development, and culture as a commodity, at the urging of the CCP, among the Zhuang. After the previous chapters in which I focus heavily on the unidirectional dissemination of state messages, within this chapter, I illustrate the Zhuang expression of ethnic identity and agency in the context of ethno-tourism, while drawing comparisons with present day Native Americans within the United States, and their experiences at historic reconstruction sites. The figures I provide, along with the periodization in which I interpret these figures, will prove to be a valuable resource for historians, anthropologists, and social scientists alike, advancing scholarship on the Zhuang as well as the CCP use of strategies within the People’s Daily as a mechanism of social control. My comparative analysis of the use of “Exemplary People” in dynastic and present day texts is an extension of this periodization, in that it offers a deeper analysis of the People’s Daily and its functions, while demonstrating the continuity of the Chinese central government’s strategy of modeling correct behavior within state-sanctioned texts. My exploration of ethno-tourism offers a look at the reception of government-issued media, as I shift my focus away from the source of the unidirectional messages, analyzing instead the responses of the supposedly passive recipients. Ultimately, my study is one of intersecting discourses and narratives as the Chinese state, and the society which it endeavors to mold by use of the media, together negotiate a mutual future. / A Thesis submitted to the Program in Asian Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. / Summer Semester 2016. / May 31, 2016. / Chinese Communist Party, Chinese ethnicity, Chinese minorities, Social Control, The People's Daily, Zhuang / Includes bibliographical references. / Annika Culver, Professor Directing Thesis; Andrew Frank, Committee Member; Jonathan Grant, Committee Member.

This dissertation considers foodways as a vital symbolic and material force in the arts of Mexico’s volatile postrevolutionary reconstruction (1920 – 1960). Although Mexican food history has stood at the forefront of a growing food studies movement, the field has been slow to appropriate image-based methodologies. Likewise, art history has been hesitant to embrace the historical performativity and materiality of foodways. This project thus seeks to fill a gap at the margins of food studies and art history, particularly at the nexus of indigeneity and urbanization. The dissertation traces the shifting relationships between art and food during a period of rampant modernization, in which the rise of modern cookery through electrical appliances and industrial foodstuffs converged and clashed with the nation’s growing nostalgia for its pre-Columbian heritage. The book focuses on three case studies of artistic production and alimentary consumption—Tina Modotti and pulque, Carlos E. González and mole poblano, and Rufino Tamayo and watermelon—that highlight the various ways in which visual renderings of food were used to frame indigenous culture as both the foundation of and a threat to the modern state. Each case study engages the convergence of racial imaginaries, artistic production, and foodways to show how conflictive attitudes toward indigenous heritage and bodies were made manifest through images of food and foodways. Therefore, this project demonstrates how seemingly innocuous images of foodstuffs and consumption became implicated in a broader visual, experiential, and commercial battle over the definition of nationalist attitudes toward indigeneity. The manuscript consists of five chapters and an appendix. Chapter 1, “Introduction,” surveys Mexican food and art histories and establishes my intersectional framework. Chapter 2, “Nursing the Nation: Pulque and the Indigenous Body in Tina Modotti’s Baby Nursing,” argues that Tina Modotti’s celebrated photograph Baby Nursing (1926) invokes the problematic consumption of pulque, an indigenous fermented beverage, as a metonym for nationalist ideologies that simultaneously celebrate and rebuke indigenous lifeways. Chapter 3, “The ‘Spirit of Mexico’: Consuming Heritage in Café de Tacuba,” demonstrates how an iconic but previously unstudied painting depicting the mythic invention of mole poblano, commissioned for Mexico City’s famous Café de Tacuba (1946), negotiates modern consumption by evoking colonial production. Chapter 4, “Mister Watermelon/Señor Sandía: Fruitful Anxieties in the Work of Rufino Tamayo,” argues that Rufino Tamayo’s still life mural Naturaleza muerta (1954), commissioned for the Sanborns department store café, mediated the state’s aggressive removal of fruteros [informal fruit vendors] by acting as both an icon of Anglophone modernity and a visual celebration of Mexican tropicalia. Chapter 5, “The Colonial in the Contemporary: On the State of Mexican Gastronomy,” presents the book’s conclusions while engaging in a critique of Mexico’s contemporary gastronomic movement and its reliance upon colonial aesthetics to veil Mexico City’s socio-economic fragmentation. The Appendix catalogues recipes for pulque, mole poblano, and watermelon-based dishes, all of which have been compiled from nineteenth- and twentieth-century cookbooks and manuscripts. / A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Art History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / Summer Semester 2018. / April 30, 2018. / Art, Consumption, Cooking, Foodways, Mexico, Nationalism / Includes bibliographical references. / Michael Carrasco, Professor Directing Dissertation; Robinson Herrera, University Representative; Paul Niell, Committee Member; Karen Bearor, Committee Member.

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