Submitted by PPG Zoologia (zoologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-09T12:41:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Verison final tesis PhD AL-B.pdf: 3324681 bytes, checksum: d5bc7da0e28bc84652f553dfee2bc55c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-14T14:34:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Verison final tesis PhD AL-B.pdf: 3324681 bytes, checksum: d5bc7da0e28bc84652f553dfee2bc55c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-14T14:42:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Verison final tesis PhD AL-B.pdf: 3324681 bytes, checksum: d5bc7da0e28bc84652f553dfee2bc55c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / A total evidence analysis of the Harttiini sensu Isbr?cker is presented. Ten genera historically included in the tribe are assumed as ingroup in the present analysis, which comprises: Aposturisoma, Cteniloricaria, Farlowella, Harttia, Harttiella, Lamontichthys, Metaloricaria, Pterosturisoma, Sturisoma and Sturisomatichthys. The ingroup encompasses 78 terminal taxa plus 22 belonging to the outgroup which were chosen from other subfamilies of the Loricariidae and genera of the Loricariini. Seven molecular markers were included for the phylogenetic analysis, the mitochondrial Cytb, nd2, 12S and 16S, and the nuclear MyH6, RAG1 and RAG2. Additionally, 216 morphological characters are included, which encompasses characters proposed by previous authors and new characters proposed herein including both osteology and external morphology. A Maximum Parsimony analysis and a Bayesian Inference analyses were carried out using the concatenated matrix which is comprised by 6,839 characters. Thirty most parsimonious trees were found with a length of 18.254 steps, consistency index (CI) of 0.37 and retention index (RI) of 0.59, a consensus tree was obtained and showed a paraphyletic Harttiini sensu Isbr?cker; the same result was obtained from the Bayesian Inference analysis. Harttiini comprises Harttia, Harttiella and Cteniloricaria. Farlowellina is elevated to the tribe rank as Farlowellini, encompassing Farlowella, Lamontichthys, Pterosturisoma, Sturisoma and Sturisomatichthys; Aposturisoma is here suggested as junior synonym of Farlowella. Metaloricaria is assigned to the monotypic Metaloricariini. On the other hand, the Loricariini is here restricted to a unique group without a subtribal division, contrary to what was proposed in previous studies. Sturisoma was corroborated here to be strictly cis-Andean, while Sturisomatichthys encompasses, besides the valid species already included in the genus, the trans-Andean species belonging to Sturisoma sensu lato. Two new species of the former and one new species of the latter were recognized. A new classification for the Loricariinae is offered, as well as for identification keys for the genera of both the Harttiini and the Farlowellini. Discussions regarding the taxonomy of the genera found to be valid are offered. Furthermore, a taxonomic revision of Sturisomatichthys is presented. A total of 358 specimens including both type an non-type specimens of all valid species were examined. Sturisomatichthys was found to encompass 12 valid species: Sturisomatichthys aureus, S. caquetae, S. citurensis, S. dariensis, S. festivus, S. frenatus, S. kneri, S. leightoni, S. panamensis, S. tamanae. In addition, two new species are described, Sturisomatichthys Baud? n.sp. from the Baud? River, in Northwestern Colombia, belonging to the Caribbean slope of the continent, and Sturisomatichthys San Juan n.sp. from the San Juan River basin in western Colombia, on the Pacific slope. Sturisomatichthys caquetae, from the Morelia River, upper Amazon, is transferred back from Sturisoma and S. leightoni is distributed, besides the Magdalena-Cauca basin, in the Orinoco basin; thus, Sturisomatichthys is discovered to be distributed in both trans- and cis-Andean drainages. A neotype is designated for S. aureus from the Lower Magdalena basin, type locality of the species. New records of localities in the Northwestern region of South America, as well as the redescription and taxonomic comments of all valid species, are provided. Maps with the distribution of the genus and a key of identification of the species are provided. / Uma an?lise de evid?ncia total de Harttiini sensu Isbr?cker ? apresentada. Dez g?neros historicamente alocados na tribo foram inclu?dos: Aposturisoma, Cteniloricaria, Farlowella, Harttia, Harttiella, Lamontichthys, Metaloricaria, Pterosturisoma, Sturisoma e Sturisomatichthys. O grupo interno inclui 78 t?xons terminais mais 22 pertencentes ao grupo externo, que foram escolhidos de outras subfam?lias de Loricariidae e g?neros de Loricariini. Sete marcadores moleculares foram inclu?dos, os mitocondriais Cytb, nd2, 12S e 16S, e os nucleares MyH6, RAG1 e RAG2. Al?m disso, 216 caracteres morfol?gicos s?o oferecidos, incluindo caracteres propostos por autores anteriores e caracteres novos propostos aqui, incluindo osteologia e morfologia externa. Uma an?lise de M?xima Parcim?nia e uma an?lise de Infer?ncia Bayesiana foram realizadas utilizando a matriz concatenada, composta por 6.839 caracteres. Foram encontradas trinta ?rvores mais parcimoniosas com um comprimento de 18.254 passos, ?ndice de consist?ncia (IC) de 0,37 e ?ndice de reten??o (RI) de 0,59, uma ?rvore consenso foi gerada, o qual resultou em Harttiini sensu Isbr?cker como parafil?tico; o mesmo resultado foi obtido a partir da an?lise de Infer?ncia Bayesiana. Harttiini inclui Harttia, Harttiella e Cteniloricaria. Farlowellina ? proposto ser elevado ao n?vel de tribo como Farlowellini, abrangendo Farlowella, Lamontichthys, Pterosturisoma, Sturisoma e Sturisomatichthys; Aposturisoma ? aqui sugerido como sin?nimo junior de Farlowella. Metaloricaria ? atribu?do a monot?pico Metaloricariini. Por outro lado, Loricariini est? aqui restrito a um grupo ?nico sem uma divis?o subtribal, ao contr?rio do que foi proposto em estudos anteriores. Sturisoma foi corroborado aqui ser estritamente cis-andino, enquanto Sturisomatichthys engloba, al?m das esp?cies v?lidas j? inclu?das no g?nero, as esp?cies trans-andinas pertencentes a Sturisoma sensu lato. Foram reconhecidas duas esp?cies novas de Sturisomatichthys e uma nova esp?cie de Sturisoma. Uma nova classifica??o para Loricariinae ? oferecida, bem como chaves de identifica??o para os g?neros de Harttiini e Farlowellini. Discuss?es sobre a taxonomia dos g?neros encontrados como v?lidaos sao oferecidas. Adicionalmente, uma revis?o taxon?mica de Sturisomatichthys ? apresentada. Um total de 358 esp?cimes, incluindo ambos os esp?cimes tipo e n?o tipo de todas as esp?cies v?lidas foram examinados. Verificou-se que Sturisomatichthys abrange 12 esp?cies v?lidas: Sturisomatichthys aureus, S. caquetae, S. citurensis, S. dariensis, S. festivus, S. frenatus, S. kneri, S. leightoni, S. panamensis, S. tamanae. Al?m disso, duas novas esp?cies s?o descritas, Sturisomatichthys Baud? n.sp. do rio Baud?, no noroeste da Col?mbia, pertencente ? vertente Caribe do continente, e Sturisomatichthys San Juan n.sp. da bacia do rio San Juan, no oeste da Col?mbia, na vertente do Pac?fico. Sturisomatichthys caquetae, do rio Morelia, alto Amazonas, ? transferida de Sturisoma e S. leightoni est? distribu?do, al?m da bacia Magdalena- Cauca, na bacia do rio Orinoco. Assim, descobriu-se que Sturisomatichthys ? distribu?do em drenagens trans e cis-andinas. Um neotipo ? designado para S. aureus, do baixo rio Magdalena, localidade tipo da esp?cie. S?o fornecidos novos registros de localidades na regi?o noroeste da Am?rica do Sul, bem como a redescri??o e coment?rios taxon?micos de todas as esp?cies v?lidas. Mapas com a distribui??o do g?nero e uma chave de identifica??o das esp?cies s?o fornecidos.