This study aimed to investigate the use of accommodation of assertive utterances (AUs) in the conversations of 49 girls aged 5;0-13;1. Based on the findings of earlier research that the use of such language is more closely related to age than to gender, it was predicted speakers would accommodate their use of and response to assertive utterances as a result of their partner's age. Naturalistic language from these speakers was collected over a year, and evidence of accommodation was observed in all speakers. Fewer AUs were used with younger speakers compared to older ones, and those used with younger girls were more likely to be produced with the sole purpose of controlling the hearer's behaviour. In addition, AUs were more likely to be complied with, or accepted, when they were produced by older girls. Given what is known about the types of language used by powerful/powerless individuals, it appears that these speakers consider age to be an indicator of status. A particularly interesting finding was that it was the age of a speaker in relation to other members of the conversation that influenced their use of and response to AUs, rather than the age of the speaker alone.

基金經理人相較於一般投資大眾，具備了相當豐富的財金背景與知識，並且幾乎每天都拜訪各上市上櫃公司，深入瞭解各公司營運狀況，而各投信公司內部又設有研究部門，協助基金經理人收集資料、分析報告，因此投資績效相對於一般大眾好。只是國內投資信託環境還不夠成熟，基金經理人的更換太過頻繁，早已嚴重影響投資人的權益。此外，一般相信在投資組合的資產配置確定時的那一刻，便已經決定了報酬的多寡。Sharpe（1992）曾提出資產類別因素模型，發現基金績效表現可由基金之投資風格所解釋，那麼基金的正確分類便顯得非常重要，而其投資報酬，也在其投資風格確定的一刻起，便早已決定了。 本研究試圖構建出基金的投資風格指數，並檢視基金經理人異動之後，基金的績效表現、風險偏好、選股與擇時能力是否有顯著差異，最後，根據構建出的風格指數，檢視各基金在經理人替換後，是否發生風格移轉的情形，進行相關探討。 本研究利用Sharpe指標與Jensen指標來檢視基金前後期績效之差異，並分別利用統計檢定檢視其風險上的差異，此外，引入Treynor-Mazuy迴歸模型，用以分析前後期基金經理人的選股與擇時能力，最後，利用二次式規劃求解來分類並檢定其前後期投資風格是否一致。研究期間為民國89年4月以前經理人曾經替換過之基金，共篩選出28支曾經歷過經理人替換之開放式股票型基金，實證結果如下： 1.僅有跳槽此原因能顯示出經理人替換前績效優於經理人替換後績效，其他諸如離職或內部轉任等，皆無法有顯著差異情況。整體而言，基金經理人替換和績效表現並無顯著相關的情形。 2.實證結果顯示，不論在總風險、系統風險與非系統風險上，經理人替換後皆明顯的低於經理人替換前。 3.實證結果顯示，在基金經理人替換前後期的選股與擇時能力上，在基金經理人替換前後期的選股能力上，經理人替換後明顯優於經理人替換前，但在基金經理人替換前後期的擇時能力上，經理人替換前卻明顯優於經理人替換後，二者間似乎存在一種抵換關係。 4.實證結果顯示，在研究的28支基金樣本中，有27支基金在經理人替換後發生風格移轉的情形，風格移轉比率高達96.43％。