Orientador: Claudete de Castro Silva Vitte / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T01:01:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Xavier_MiltonCesar_M.pdf: 4150588 bytes, checksum: d6448eddb9844c1d32ab7fd11d6ee6a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O Bairro Taquaral em Campinas tornou-se um importante subcentro de comércios e serviços, desempenhando importante papel no espaço intra-urbano atraindo consumidores locais e regionais. Desde seus primórdios ele já apresentava atividades terciárias que serviam a população local. Com o passar do tempo, o bairro foi se transformando urbanisticamente e, devido seus bairros-jardins tornou-se sinônimo de bairro nobre com população de alta renda. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar a formação do bairro e a consolidação do mesmo como subcentro. O Taquaral é um bairro centenário que se formou no subúrbio de Campinas às margens do antigo caminho que ligava Campinas a Mogi Mirim e passava pela Fazenda Taquaral. Já apresentava no final do século XIX uma atividade comercial incipiente para atender seus moradores e os arredores. O bairro se transformou, bem como suas atividades econômicas. Devido sua localização favorável que liga a região norte ao centro consolipou-se como subcentro. Este subcentro tem como principais eixos viários a Rua Paula Bueno, (antiga estrada pública) e as Avenidas N. Senhora de Fátima, Armando Sales de Oliveira 'e Julio Prestes, além de um dos símbolos da cidade, o Parque Taquaral. O Taquaral consolidou-se como subcentro de amplo alcance espacial que atende a uma clientela variada (do local, dos bairros vizinhos e até de outras cidades) que usa seus serviços bancários, supermercados, farmácias, restaurantes, oficinas, lojas das mais variadas. Enfim, oferece comércio e serviços diversos, tanto aqueles de uso freqüente como os mais complexos / Abstract: The Taquaral district in Campinas has beco me an important commercial and service sub-center, playing an important part in the inter-urban space and attracting local and regional customers. From the beginning, the district already presented third sector activities that served local population. As time passed, the district changed urbanistically. Due to its garden cities it became an upper class neighborhood where a wealthy population started living. The goal of this research was to study the Taquaral district 's formation and its consolidation as a sub-center. Taquaral is a centenary district that was formed in the Campinas suburbs along the old way form Campinas to Mogi Mirim and passing Taquaral Farm. The district already presented an incipient commercial activity to attend its residents and neighboring districts by the end of the 19 th century. Taquaral has transformed and its economic activities as well. Due to its favorable location, joining the north region to downtown, it established itself as a sub-center. Thi.s subcenter has as principal access-roads: Paula Bueno Street (the old public road), Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Armando Sales de Oliveira and Júlio Prestes Avenues and Taquaral Park. Taquaral has consolidated as sub-center of vast spacial influence that serves a varied customers from its own neighborhood, from the nearly neighborhoods and even from other cities, making use of banks services, supermarkets, drugstores, restaurants, offices and different kinds of stores in the district. In conclusion, Taquaral offers commerce and diverse services, those for frequent use as well as those for more complex uses / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

Sub-center formation is closely come out when urban environment started to grow and by decentralization and sub-urbanization process to lower the congestions and increase the efficiency in urban life. Besides, by means of rising problems of the growth in an urban area, there emerged the need to share the central activities within the metropolitan region. The growth followed by creation of new towns in the peripheries. Within that organization of the city, sub-centers started to appear to share the burden of the city centers. In this study, the sub-center evolution will be examined with respect to its relationship to urban growth and development. Hence the sub-center formation will be defined and studied in terms of city center, neighborhood center and shopping center developments of the settlements. The criteria on land-use, planning process, design of the built environment, district and neighborhood centers and policies of revisions in the suburb within world examples will help the study to develop principles for sub-center formation. This will provide us to build up some criteria for the central area especially in New Development areas. After the 1970s, the city of Ankara expanded rapidly and there emerged new development areas of the metropolitan region in the West Corridor. With respect to these, Ankara is analyzed with a new urban development area in that corridor called Batikent. With the help of discussions and analysis on sub-center formation on smaller plots belonging to private and a world example of sub-center development produced by the government, design and planning principles of Sub-center growth and development will be proposed in case of Batikent.

Effective implementation (in terms of time, cost, utilization of human resources, etc.) of information systems operation is a strategic issue in today's time when business processes are integrally aligned with the informatics. Currently, costs associated with software support and maintenance represent more than 90% of total costs. Software maintenance is a set of activities needed for cost-effective support of IT solution. IS / IT Center of excellence (COE) do not cover the area of software support and maintenance, there is no formalized methodology or procedural framework for COE for support and maintenance -- in reality, it means missing processes and procedures for creating it, management and evaluation of it. Moreover, there are missing recommendation about organization structure, services to be provided and overall continuous improvement. Therefore author proposes his own solution by definition and implementation of center of excellence for support and maintenance and its sub-centers of excellence for support and maintenance of particular applications. Current ontology of support and maintenance does not capture the necessary components and links -- namely missing management, planning and effort estimation views. Therefore author proposes his redefinition and enrichment of ontology of organizational structure about elements of competence and sub-competence center, typology of tasks (management, maintenance), and their management - estimating, planning and realization. In his work, Magne Jorgensen formulated conclusions that 83 to 84% of all estimation is done by pure expert estimates and estimating models are not used basically due to their complexity. Based on extending PERT formula about quality of estimator and historical experience, author introduced his simplified, easy to use approach to effort estimation in software maintenance. Both introduced formulas were verified in sub-competence center for supporting mortgage IS with significantly better result than only pure PERT estimate (98.8% and 91.8% against pure PERT 90.1%). In conclusion, author discusses the benefits of the implementation of center of excellence for support and maintenance and sub-centers of excellence for support and maintenance of particular applications, and overall fulfilling of thesis scope.