This thesis aims at examining the class experiences of subcontracted cleaning workers who work in student dormitories on the METU campus. It focuses on the working conditions of workers and control mechanisms in the dormitories in terms of their effects on class consciousness and future dreams of the workers. In addition, the study examines how workers experience class as a matter of self- respect in their workplaces, how they cope with haughtiness of students, the managers and the regular employees, how they explain social inequalities and whether they accept them as legitimate. The role of gender in workers&rsquo / everyday lives is also mentioned. The study argues that university dormitories on the METU campus with their fragmented labor regime, and managerial tendencies, which treat the students as customers, are significant places for the observation of how class differences are experienced by the subcontracted workers. In regard to these issues, the field research of the study was conducted through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 23 subcontracted cleaning workers in 12 different dormitories on the METU campus.

This thesis aims at examining the class experiences of subcontracted cleaning workers who work in student dormitories on the METU campus. It focuses on the working conditions of workers and control mechanisms in the dormitories in terms of their effects on class consciousness and future dreams of the workers. In addition, the study examines how workers experience class as a matter of self-respect in their workplaces, how they cope with haughtiness of students, the managers and the regular employees, how they explain social inequalities and whether they accept them as legitimate. The role of gender in workers

Orientador: Angela Maria Carneiro Araujo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T14:35:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_AngelaMariadeSousa_D.pdf: 2700975 bytes, checksum: 80f4f2b35501e1495f86c779ad9923e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O setor de confecções de roupas de Cianorte configura-se como uma rede de terceirização, caracterizada pelo redimensionamento do trabalho subcontratado (cooperativo, faccionista, domiciliar, formal, informal) e pela presença intensiva do trabalho precarizado das mulheres. Tal constatação nos impulsionou a investigar as razões que levaram esse setor a intensificar essa rede de subcontratação do trabalho e as características dos trabalhadores empregados nesse segmento a partir das mudanças provocadas pela reestruturação produtiva. O município em estudo contém um aglomerado produtivo recente (APL) que mantém um padrão de especialização regional de produção de jeans e de roupas femininas ("modinha"). A pesquisa procurou entender o redimensionamento entre os diversos tipos de contratos de trabalho, alguns tradicionalmente presentes nesse setor como a facção, ocorrido com o processo de rearranjo produtivo local, que sobrevive às rápidas mudanças ditadas pela moda em um contexto de significativa flexibilização, sustentada à custa da exploração crescente de muitas trabalhadoras e trabalhadores sem registro em carteira. Procurou-se com esta pesquisa compreender o processo histórico de industrialização de roupas no município, o perfil das trabalhadoras e trabalhadores formais, informais e que se encontram recentemente na condição de desempregadas(os); conhecer as conseqüências provocadas pelos processos de flexibilização, informalidade e terceirização nas condições e relações de trabalho que envolvem particularmente as mulheres, compreender as razões da persistência do trabalho das mulheres nas facções e no domicílio; entender que novos elementos caracterizam esse setor produtivo na região, dando especial atenção às questões de gênero e à divisão sexual do trabalho nas empresas formais, nas facções, no domicílio e nas cooperativas de modo a mostrar como se alteram as relações entre os elos da cadeia, bem como o uso do trabalho de homens e mulheres em cada um deles. entre os achados da pesquisa, destacamos a ocorrência de uma "nova informalidade", "não-transitória", que pode ser compreendida como relações de trabalho que conservam aspectos tradicionais, mas estão associadas a novos processos de subcontratação, nos quais vigoram a precariedade e a ilegalidade. Como exemplo dessas novas configurações cabe mencionar as chamadas "facções masculinas" de customização de calças jeans e as cooperativas de costura e de bordado formadas em distritos circunvizinhos, como recurso das empresas na busca pela redução de custos. Em síntese, se por um lado o processo de reestruturação do setor de confecções na região de Cianorte ampliou os mecanismos de flexibilização e modernização da produção de roupas, por outro, intensificou a precarização do trabalho, especialmente para as mulheres, combinando novas estratégias de organização da produção com a manutenção de formas antigas de trabalho / Abstract: The sector of clothes confection in Cianorte - Paraná configures itself as a net of decentralization characterized by the redimension of the subcontracted work (cooperative of faction, accomplished home, formal, informal) and by intensive presence of the women's exploiting work. His verification impelled us to investigate the reasons that took this sector to intensify this net of subcontracted work and the characteristics of the workers employed in this segment to start the charges provoked by the productive restructuring action. The municipal district in study comprehends a recent and productive agglomerate (APL) which maintains a standard of regional specialization of jeans production and of female clothes ("little fashion"). The search looked for understanding the redimension among the several kinds of contracts of work, some traditionally present in this sector as a faction, occurred with the process of productive and local charges which survives to the fast charges caused by the mode in a context of significative flexibility, supported tat the expense of the crescent exploration of many workers (men and women) without register in employment book. It looked for itself with this search to understand the historical process the clothes industrialization in the city, the formal and informal worker's profile and that find themselves in the condition of unemployeds (men and women), to know the consequences provoked by the process of flexibility, informality and decentralization, in the conditions and relations of work that involve in particular, the women, to understand the reasons of the persistence of the women's work in the factions and in home; to understand that new elements characterize this productive sector in the region, giving special attention to the questions of gender, and to the sexual division of work in the formal enterprises in the factions, home and in the cooperatives in way to show how the relations alter themselves among the links of the chain, and also the use of the men's and women's work in each of them. Among the discoveries of the search, we detach the occurrence of a "new informality", "no-transitory", that can be understood as relations of work that conserve traditional aspects, but they are associated to the new process of subcontracted work, in which invigorate the precariousness and the illegality, as example of these new configurations, to be proper mention the called "male factions" of personification of jeans trousers and the cooperatives of sewing and embroidery formed in neighboring districts as resources of the enterprises in search of the reduction of costs. In synthesis, if by a side, the process of restructuring of the confections in region of Cianorte enlarged the mechanisms of flexibility and modernization of clothes production, by other, intensified the precarious of work, especially for the women, combining new strategies of organization of the production with the maintenance of ancient forms of work / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências Sociais

Magister Legum - LLM / Universally, workers’ protection is centred on the standard employment relationship (full-time,indeterminate employment) based on the distinction between ‘employee’ and ‘independent contractor’; nonetheless globalization coupled with advances in technology and other related processes such as casualization, externalization and informalization, has resulted in the proliferation of different forms of work that deviate from the conventional employment relationship. There is also an increase,worldwide, in the number of persons who perform work outside the employment sphere because they are labelled independent contractors though in fact they are on the same level of economic dependence and vulnerability with those who perform work as ‘employees’. It is to this category of workers that literature refers collectively as ‘atypical employees’ or ‘non-standard employees’. Despite the fact that there have been moves internationally and nationally to integrate these classes of worker, it remains clear that they constitute a labour force which is less well paid and less secure. Most of the atypical employees are included in the definition of ‘employee’ in both jurisdictions though home workers are explicitly excluded under the Ethiopian labour law.However, the collective bargaining system does not function to address the problems of atypical employees in both countries as it does for standard employees.