Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-09-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:06:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 trentin_ms_dr_arafo.pdf: 461820 bytes, checksum: e0251a43f7587a82128f9f0494efd863 (MD5) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar clinicamente a influência do cálculo subgengival nas medidas de profundidade de sondagem com sonda manual e eletrônica de força controlada. Para tanto, foram avaliados 614 sítios com cálculo subgengival visível em radiografias periapicais e detectáveis clinicamente através do índice de cálculo de Greene e Vermillion, 1967. Os exames foram realizados por um profissional calibrado que avaliou o índice de sangramento gengival à sondagem e realizou a sondagem com os dois tipos de sondas em seis áreas de cada dente: mesio-vestibular, vestibular, disto-vestibular, mesio-lingual, lingual e disto-lingual, com o auxílio de um stent oclusal. As sondagens foram realizadas em dois instantes. Inicial: com a presença do cálculo subgengival, imediato: imediatamente após a remoção do cálculo subgengival. Para a análise dos dados obtidos, as profundidades de sondagens foram estratificadas em rasa (=3mm), média (4-6mm) e profunda (= 7mm). Através do teste de Wilcoxon à 5%, observou-se que as medidas de profundidades de sondagens médias (4.78mm para o momento inicial e 4.56mm para o momento imediato) e profundas (7.60mm para o momento inicial e 6.79 mm para o momento imediato) para a sonda eletrônica de força controlada apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os diferentes momentos, porém, o mesmo não ocorreu quando foi utilizada a sonda manual. Da mesma forma, quando o teste t foi empregado para avaliar a influência do sangramento à sondagem sobre as diferenças da sondagem manual e computadorizada, este não apresentou-se como um fator influenciador. Conclusão: O cálculo subgengival interfere na sondagem realizada com a sonda computadorizada, não ocorrendo o mesmo com a sonda manual. / The present investigation assessed the influence of subgingival calculus on clinical probing measurements with manual and constant force electronic probe. The study evaluated 614 sites with visible subgingival calculus, evidenced by radiographic and clinical modified index (Greene & Vermillion, 1967). The evaluation was performed by a calibrated dental examiner, who evaluate gingival bleeding index and probing depth with manual and computarized probe, in six sites per tooth: mesio-buccal, middle-buccal, disto-buccal, mesio-lingual, middle-lingual and disto-lingual with individually acrylic stents. The probing depths measurements were performed in two moments. Inicial: In presence of subgingival calculus, immediate: immediately after removal of subgingival calculus. To data analysis, the probing depths measurements were classified in: shallow depths (=3mm), moderate (4-6mm) and deep (=7mm) and submmited to statistical analysis (Wilcoxon 5%). The results show that moderate measurement (4.78mm at inicial moment and 4.56mm for immediate), and deep measurements (7.60mm at inicial moment and 6.79 for immediate) with a computerized probe were statistically differentes significative for two moments, however, the same difference did not occurre when manual probe was used. Smilary, when the test t assessed the influence of gingival bleeding index to detect differences between computarizade and manual probe, this not represent a source of error in this measurement. Conclusion: The subgingival calculus influenced the probing depth measurements when a computarized probe was used, although that didnþt occurre with manual probe.

Orientador: Rosemary Adriana Chiérici Marcantonio / Banca: Silvana Regina Perez Orrico / Banca: Joni Augusto Cirelli / Banca: Rui Vicente Opperman / Banca: Fábio André dos Santos / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar clinicamente a influência do cálculo subgengival nas medidas de profundidade de sondagem com sonda manual e eletrônica de força controlada. Para tanto, foram avaliados 614 sítios com cálculo subgengival visível em radiografias periapicais e detectáveis clinicamente através do índice de cálculo de Greene e Vermillion, 1967. Os exames foram realizados por um profissional calibrado que avaliou o índice de sangramento gengival à sondagem e realizou a sondagem com os dois tipos de sondas em seis áreas de cada dente: mesio-vestibular, vestibular, disto-vestibular, mesio-lingual, lingual e disto-lingual, com o auxílio de um stent oclusal. As sondagens foram realizadas em dois instantes. Inicial: com a presença do cálculo subgengival, imediato: imediatamente após a remoção do cálculo subgengival. Para a análise dos dados obtidos, as profundidades de sondagens foram estratificadas em rasa (=3mm), média (4-6mm) e profunda (= 7mm). Através do teste de Wilcoxon à 5%, observou-se que as medidas de profundidades de sondagens médias (4.78mm para o momento inicial e 4.56mm para o momento imediato) e profundas (7.60mm para o momento inicial e 6.79 mm para o momento imediato) para a sonda eletrônica de força controlada apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os diferentes momentos, porém, o mesmo não ocorreu quando foi utilizada a sonda manual. Da mesma forma, quando o teste t foi empregado para avaliar a influência do sangramento à sondagem sobre as diferenças da sondagem manual e computadorizada, este não apresentou-se como um fator influenciador. Conclusão: O cálculo subgengival interfere na sondagem realizada com a sonda computadorizada, não ocorrendo o mesmo com a sonda manual. / Abstract: The present investigation assessed the influence of subgingival calculus on clinical probing measurements with manual and constant force electronic probe. The study evaluated 614 sites with visible subgingival calculus, evidenced by radiographic and clinical modified index (Greene & Vermillion, 1967). The evaluation was performed by a calibrated dental examiner, who evaluate gingival bleeding index and probing depth with manual and computarized probe, in six sites per tooth: mesio-buccal, middle-buccal, disto-buccal, mesio-lingual, middle-lingual and disto-lingual with individually acrylic stents. The probing depths measurements were performed in two moments. Inicial: In presence of subgingival calculus, immediate: immediately after removal of subgingival calculus. To data analysis, the probing depths measurements were classified in: shallow depths (=3mm), moderate (4-6mm) and deep (=7mm) and submmited to statistical analysis (Wilcoxon 5%). The results show that moderate measurement (4.78mm at inicial moment and 4.56mm for immediate), and deep measurements (7.60mm at inicial moment and 6.79 for immediate) with a computerized probe were statistically differentes significative for two moments, however, the same difference did not occurre when manual probe was used. Smilary, when the test t assessed the influence of gingival bleeding index to detect differences between computarizade and manual probe, this not represent a source of error in this measurement. Conclusion: The subgingival calculus influenced the probing depth measurements when a computarized probe was used, although that didnþt occurre with manual probe. / Doutor

This paper investigated the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision of laser fluorescence and tactile probing for the detection of subgingival calculus. The gold standard for subgingival calculus detection has always been tactile probing. In this study 27 teeth were collected and 108 surfaces investigated, one tooth was excluded (group #13) where no calculus was observed on any surface, and three surfaces because of subgingival root caries to avoid confounding data, which left a total of 101 surfaces of 26 extracted teeth that meet the investigation criteria. The presence of subgingival calculus was observed on 75 tooth surfaces (74.25%). There was a correlation between tooth surface and the presence of calculus. Subgingival calculus was from most to least frequently observed on the Distal surface (92.0%), Lingual surface (76.9%), Mesial surface (70.8%) and Facial surface (57.7%). The amount of laser fluoresce increased according to the amount of subgingival calculus. There was a correlation between the amount of subgingival calculus and the amount of laser fluorescence. The tactile probing had a similar sensitivity compared to laser fluorescence for the detection of subgingival calculus. The laser fluorescence was more specific compared to tactile probing for the detection of subgingival calculus. The tactile probing had a similar accuracy compared to laser fluorescence for the detection of subgingival calculus. The laser fluorescence had more precision compared to tactile probing for the detection of subgingival calculus. These results show that by using both tactile probing and laser fluorescence the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision of detecting subgingival calculus can be increased. An increase in the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision of detecting subgingival calculus could help in the diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from gingival recession and periodontal disease.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / The epidemiology of periodontal disease in the Republic of South Africa has received only scant attention in the past and consequently the available information is limited. The present study was therefore planned with the primary goal being to establish base-line information regarding periodontal disease in a portion of the population. The adolescent age group was selected as the target for the survey in that destructive periodontal disease (periodontitis) probably commences in many instances during the teenage years and therefore the group would be the one most likely to derive maximum benefit from preventive care and simple treatment measures which could be realistically provided by existing community dental health services. To translate the result into practicality a simple method of treatment needs estimation was also incorporated. In view of the diverse nature of the inhabitants of the Republic of South Africa and in keep with previously conducted studies, the presedt survey was confined to a single ethnic group. The population comprised all 3 .684 white pupils in Standard VIII attending the 34 schools in the Cape Peninsula during 1977. A random sample of 500 was selected for investigation. The average age of the sample was 15 years 9 months and the two sexes were equally represented. Only 7,2% were classified in the lower grade socio-economic class and thus were considered not to have a significant effect on the results. METHOD A team of three, consisting of the author and two assistants, visited each school. Portable equipment included a reclining chair, lighting, compressed air, and hand instruments. The investigation began with a questionnaire to establish the attitude to and experience of symptoms, prevention, and treatment of periodontal disease within the sample. Each subject was then examined and at each of 12 sites, on the 8 incisors and 4 first molars, recordings were made of plaque, gingivitis, supragingival calculus, subgingival calculus, and loss of attachment (periodontitis) according to defined criteria. A standard statistical package was used to analyse the recordings. RESULTS The questionnaire: This showed that almost all the subjects (98%) were interested in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease in order to achieve and maintain oral health. Not with standing this.The overall prevalence of plaque was 97% and the mean Plaque Index (Pl.I) was 0,94 with 75% of the subjects having a mean Pl.I=0,5. The site prevalence data revealed that out of 12 sites, on average, 4 had Pl.I~O, 4 had Pl.I~l, and 4 had Pl.I~2. In the maxilla the molar sites had the higher plaque levels, whilst in the mandible the incisor sites had higher plaque levels. The sex-specific data showed the males to have higher mean plaque levels than the females, but in 50% of sample with a mean PI.I 0,5 to 1,45 there was ) had had any appurtenant treatment. The overall prevalence of plaque was 97% and the mean Plaque Index (Pl.I) was 0,94 with 75% of the subjects having a mean Pl.I=0,5. The site prevalence data revealed that out of 12 sites, on average, 4 had Pl.I~O, 4 had Pl.I~l, nd 4 had Pl.I~2. In the maxilla the molar sites had the higher plaque levels, whilst in the mandible the incisor sites had higher plaque levels. The sex-specific data showed the males to have higher mean plaque levels than the females, but in 50% of sample with a mean PI.I 0,5 to 1,45 there was no difference.