L'évaluation des impacts d’une substance chimique pour l’environnement s'appuie notamment sur des tests de biodégradabilité facile conçus pour mettre en évidence leur biodégradation rapide dans la plupart des milieux environnementaux. Toutefois, lorsque ces tests sont appliqués aux substances faiblement hydrosolubles, des difficultés sont rencontrées, souvent liées à leur biodisponibilité limitée vis-à-vis des micro-organismes induisant une variabilité accrue, que nous avons étudiée. Une stratégie innovante a donc été établie afin d’améliorer la prédiction de la biodégradabilité en milieu naturel de ces substances. Elle a permis de comparer 25 méthodes d’amélioration de la biodisponibilité (MAB) et d’initier la refonte de la norme internationale ISO 10634. Cette connaissance plus précise de la biodégradabilité est un élément essentiel pour le développement de nouveaux produits plus respectueux de l’environnement, s’inscrivant complètement dans une démarche de développement durable. / The assessment of the environmental impacts of an environmental substance is based on ready biodegradability tests, demonstrating a rapid biodegradation in most environmental media. However, when these tests are applied to poorly water-soluble substances, difficulties are encountered, often related to their limited bioavailability towards the microorganisms inducing increased variability that we have studied. An innovative strategy has therefore been established in order to improve the prediction of the biodegradability in the natural environment of these substances. It has compared 25 methods of improving bioavailability (MAB) and initiated the revision of the international standard ISO 10634. This more precise knowledge of biodegradability is an essential element for the development of new products that are more environmentally friendly, fully in line with a sustainable development approach

Background: Following years of inactivity, psychedelic research has rapidly expanded within clinical and therapeutic fields. In particular, magic mushrooms (psilocybin), a plant-based psychedelic, have been researched for the treatment of complex mental health and substance dependence conditions, and yielded promising results. Largely due to the historical baggage of the psychedelic movement in the 1950s-1970s, and the stigma of recreational substance use, recreational magic mushroom users have been ignored within the current psychedelic revival. This thesis addressed this gap, examining the magic mushroom recreational substance use patterns of emerging adults in Victoria, British Columbia. Theory and Methods: Using the normalization thesis as the guiding theoretical framework, this thesis used a sequential-exploratory mixed methods design. Statistical analysis of quantitative cross-sectional interviews (n=558) conducted between 2008 -2016 generated rates of use, availability, and self-rated knowledge rates of magic mushrooms users. Qualitative cross-sectional semi-structured interviews (n=20) analyzed through thematic analysis determined substance use behaviors with reference to the current social and cultural context. Participants were recreational magic mushroom users, aged 19- 24. Results: Quantitative results indicated high overall rates of lifetime and past year magic mushroom use, with the lowest reported prevalence rate of lifetime use occurring in 2014 (86%), suggesting high rates of use within the recreational substance using population. There were no statistically significant relationships between year and lifetime or past year rates magic mushroom use. Gender was statistically significantly associated with magic mushroom use, with males being more likely to use magic mushrooms. Qualitative results indicated dynamic and strategically planned magic mushroom experiences. Themes developed include: shifting understandings, optimizing experience, purpose driven use; and post-trip impact. Participants reported using for transformational, micro-dosing, and leisure purposes. Discussion: Results suggested that magic mushroom use is in the process of differentiated normalization and assimilative normalization, influenced by developmental, social and cultural forces. Recreational users report substance use practices that have not been widely reported with the substance use literature, including using small doses of magic mushrooms (i.e. micro-dosing) for self-enhancement and therapeutic purposes. Results can be applied to the current psychedelic revival in three ways: (1) directing future clinical research directions and; (2) provide lived and experience and relevancy to clinical research, which will improve applicability and; (3) re-conceptualizing the identity of a recreational substance user, which has important implications regarding stigmatization. / Graduate

Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW) / Addiction has seen to be an illness that not only affects the individual but the holistic well-being of the family. Primary caregivers form an integral part of the family system. The caregivers take on roles that might stagnate their own development and coping methods, which if used, could affect the entire family system. There are in-conclusive research on the effect of the coping method of the primary caregiver on the well-being of himself/herself and the family system as a whole. The aim of the research was to quantitatively, through making use of Orford’s Coping questionnaire, explore the different coping methods employed by the primary caregiver of an adult substance dependent and thereafter to qualitatively, through utilizing a narrative approach, explore the experience of the different means of coping. The study design was a mixed method study. Quantitative research was the dominant approach followed by qualitative research. The population was the primary caregivers of adult substance dependents who have sought treatment and who resided in the Mitchell’s Plain area. Eighty participants completed the coping questionnaire and four narratives were done. Quantitative research results was analyzed using SPSS and the qualitative research was analyzed by making use of narrative analysis whereby the interview was analyzed Labov and Waletzky’s structural model of narrative. The theoretical framework from which the researcher addressed this study was collaboration between the family systems theory and the disease model of addiction. Quantitative findings indicated that there more caregivers make use of tolerant coping than engaged and withdrawal coping. There is a distinction between the coping methods that males and females make use of. Qualitative findings indicated that there is no ‘correct’ way of coping with being the caregiver of a substance dependant. Caregivers take on coping methods that they are comfortable with.

Largement mises en question dans la Bulle in agro dominico, les notions de créé et d'incréé trouvent cependant chez Eckhart une résonance profondément chrétienne. Le Maître y fonde une théologie et une mystique trinitaires qui orientent son anthropologie vers la filiation divine de l'homme à partir de l'actualisation de l'image du Verbe dans l'âme. Ainsi le motif de l'incarnation apparaît-il au cœur de la pensée d'Eckhart : "Pourquoi Dieu s'est-il fait homme ? Pour que Dieu naisse dans l'âme et que l'âme naisse en Dieu". En effet, le sens véritable de l'homme réside dans cette filiation. En elle, son désir de Dieu comme faim de l'être, trouve un accomplissement véritable. Car ce désir s'exprime comme celui d'un retour au Principe incréé, à cette origine dont la création constitue une sortie : ouverture vers Dieu, il est ce qui paradoxalement dit le manque et la plénitude. Le créé et l'incréé chez Eckhart s'articulent autour des notions de réminiscence et de désir. En effet, c'est en se souvenant de la grande noblesse que Dieu a mise dans son fond (3ème point du programme de prédication d'Eckhart), en expérimentant cette Présence divine au plus intime d'elle-même que l'âme éprouve le désir du retour à l'incréé, à ce fond sans fond, libre et dégagé du créé, par où elle expérimente la naissance éternelle du Verbe en elle / Eckhart's works are in german and latin : the latin ones show the basis doctrinal of sermons and treatises. His work's evolution is used for funding our reflexion as the Meister expresses in it his speculative genious. This clearly appears through his genuine mystical experience of the non-dividing which will arouse a lot of lacks of sympathy, as the papal condemnation testifies against some of Eckart's propositions (11 as rash and the remainder as heretical). The experience of the introvertive mystic includes a state of consciousness in which there is both a sense of illumination and an absence of distinction between subject and object ; that is, the contemplative is not having an experience like that of ordinary perception, where the thing perceived can be distinguished from the

Substance abuse treatment non-completion has serious implications for the future success with sobriety of adolescents. In this study, 38 adolescents were given the opportunity to complete a survey with the intent of identifying barriers to participating and successfully completing substance abuse treatment. Directors of substance abuse services at chosen agencies in Southern Illinois were also given the opportunity to complete a survey to identify quality components of effective adolescent substance abuse treatment programs. Collected data were analyzed using multivariate approaches, such as regression and chi-square tests, to identify factors that may contribute to treatment completion. The results provide information about how substance use service providers can address barriers and improve services to meet the needs of adolescents suffering from substance abuse issues.

Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych) / This aim of this study was to investigate the life experiences of substance abusing women participating in a substance abuse treatment programme in the Cape Town area. Much of the research that has been conducted on this topic has been quantitative and therefore removed from the context of lived experience. The current study thus aimed to fill this gap in the literature by using a qualitative methodology to explore women’s own accounts of substance use and how they make sense of these experiences, their trajectory towards substance abuse as well as their motivation for treatment. A qualitative research design was employed, drawing on the interpretive framework which seeks to understand how people make sense of their experiences. Six participants were recruited from a substance abuse treatment centre in Cape Town and data was collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Guba and Lincoln’s guidelines for ensuring rigor in qualitative studies were followed and the ethical principles of informed consent, non-maleficence, authenticity of data and anonymity were maintained throughout the study. The study found that partner substance use and psychological pain experienced by the women played a motivating role in their substance use. In addition, the reconstruction of one’s own identity, perceptions of motherhood and mending relationships were found to be key elements in women’s motivation for recovery.

The purposes of this study were to examine the prevalence of current substance use and early risk indicators for substance abuse and dependence, and to investigate the relationships among religiousness, current substance use, and early risk indicators among nursing students at seven Seventh-day Adventist colleges. Data for this descriptive study were collected through Efinger's Alcohol Risk Survey (EARS) (Efinger, 1984), the CAGE Questionnaire ( Ewing , 1984), and the Intrinsic/Extrinsic-Revised Scale (Gorsuch & McPherson, 1989). Participants were 241 nursing students enrolled in their first year of nursing courses at seven colleges and universities located across the United States . Findings indicated that 42% of students scored higher than the EARS mean; 24% reported current substance use; and 15% scored in the probable abuse/dependence category of CAGE. Students who reported current substance use and those scoring in the probable substance abuse/dependence category were significantly more likely to score above the EARS median. Intrinsic religiousness demonstrated a significant inverse relationship with current substance use. Significantly lower rates of current substance use were associated with higher rates of attendance at religious services. Respondents who indicated that their religion prohibited alcohol consumption reported significantly lower rates of current substance use than those who answered "No" or "I don't know" to their religion's prohibition of alcohol consumption. A substantial number of nursing students were found to have high numbers of early risk indicators for substance abuse and dependence that warrant intervention. The majority of students who scored in the probable substance abuse/dependence category also had higher EARS scores, thereby increasing their risk for substance impairment. Religious variables appear to have had a mediating influence on current substance use with this sample. Prevention programs should be aimed at risks that are modifiable, thus enabling students to make healthy decisions about using substances.

No description available.

As the title suggests, this is a collection of essays about addiction and recovery, told from my personal perspective. In recovery, we have a saying: “Once a pickle, you can’t go back to a cucumber.” That is, just because one stops using drugs, does not mean their addictive personality is somehow vanquished. Even though I have not used drugs or alcohol in over eight years, I still very much identify as a person who is in recovery from addiction and alcoholism. This collection is about my life as an addict and alcoholic, both before and after getting clean, and the transformation required to bridge these two very different existences. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (MFA)--Florida Atlantic University, 2021. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Adolescent consumption of alcohol, marijuana and tobacco is a significant problem that affects youth of all demographic groups and can have lasting, damaging impacts into adulthood. Furthermore, it is a complicated issue, with many social and economic risk factors. The focal mediator for adolescent substance use, in this paper, is unsupervised time in the period immediately following school. Across the United States, millions of young people are left unsupervised between the hours of 3pm and 6pm, which elevates the risk for consumption of substances. For this reason, implementation of afterschool programming (ASP) to provide supervised and developmentally enriching activities for youth is a promising strategy for reducing substance use. Another reason for using ASPs to prevent substance use behavior is the theory of alternate reinforcers, which emphasizes the protective nature of alternative, substance free activities in reducing the motivation for consuming substances. There are many different models for afterschool programs, however the three models examined here are the Positive Youth Development (PYD), the Sequenced Active Focused Explicit (SAFE) model, and the Empowerment model. Each of these approaches emphasizes a different element of the afterschool setting, either philosophy, practices for delivery and specific program content, respectively; however, there are common features to all three. The goal of this study was to identify the strongest model for an afterschool program with the goal of reducing substance use among adolescents and to identify potential reasons for its success. Through an extensive review of literature on this topic, it became clear that there are strengths to each model, and each showed evidence for reductions in substance use behavior following program participation. The most effective ASP model, then, will likely be a combination of these three approaches. Continued research will be necessary to examine programs that combine strategies, and more resources are required to increase the scale of ASP to enhance their benefits.