Objective: To investigate whether there is an association between use of cocaine, amphetamines, or psychedelics and psychotic symptoms. Method: Cumulated data from a prospective, longitudinal community study of 2588 adolescents and young adults in Munich, Germany were used. Substance use was assessed at baseline, 4-year and 10-year follow-up using the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview; psychotic symptoms were assessed at 4-year and 10-year follow-up. Multinomial logistic regression analyses, adjusted for sociodemographic factors, common mental disorders, other substance use, and childhood adversity (adjusted odds ratios, AOR), revealed associations between cocaine, amphetamine or psychedelic use and psychotic symptoms. Results: Lifetime experience of psychotic symptoms was associated with lifetime use of cocaine (AOR 1.94; 95%CI 1.10-3.45), amphetamines (AOR 1.69; 95%CI 0.98-2.93), psychedelics (AOR 2.37; 95%CI 1.20-4.66) and all three substances (AOR 1.95; 95%CI 1.19-3.18). Conclusion: Associations between psychotic symptoms and use of cocaine, amphetamines, and/or psychedelics in adolescents and young adults call for further studies to elucidate risk factors and developmental pathways.

Objective: To investigate whether there is an association between use of cocaine, amphetamines, or psychedelics and psychotic symptoms. Method: Cumulated data from a prospective, longitudinal community study of 2588 adolescents and young adults in Munich, Germany were used. Substance use was assessed at baseline, 4-year and 10-year follow-up using the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview; psychotic symptoms were assessed at 4-year and 10-year follow-up. Multinomial logistic regression analyses, adjusted for sociodemographic factors, common mental disorders, other substance use, and childhood adversity (adjusted odds ratios, AOR), revealed associations between cocaine, amphetamine or psychedelic use and psychotic symptoms. Results: Lifetime experience of psychotic symptoms was associated with lifetime use of cocaine (AOR 1.94; 95%CI 1.10-3.45), amphetamines (AOR 1.69; 95%CI 0.98-2.93), psychedelics (AOR 2.37; 95%CI 1.20-4.66) and all three substances (AOR 1.95; 95%CI 1.19-3.18). Conclusion: Associations between psychotic symptoms and use of cocaine, amphetamines, and/or psychedelics in adolescents and young adults call for further studies to elucidate risk factors and developmental pathways.