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In this final thesis "Testament - a comparative study of the italian and czech legal regulations" the author analyses the legal regulations of this institute in the Czech Republic and Italy. The testament is a last will that is a reversible legal transaction, in which a natural person yields over at least a quotiance of the inheritance, eventually also a legacy. This final thesis consists of seven chapters excluding the opening and the conclusion. In the first chapter I focus on the Roman Law regulations of this institute, where we find the elementals for contemporary continental legal regulations. I also devote to the history of the testament on the territory of today's Czech Republic and Italy. Next chapter deals with the elementary terms of the inheritance law and puts the last will into the context with this area of law. I also turn to the testator character, his capacity or non-capacity to make the last will and to the action of oversights while making the last will. In the third chapter there are described the essentials of the testament, the assumptions for for the succession, assignation of the heritors and the institute of trust. I also refer to the possible inheritance non-capacity and the patronage of the nonnegligible heritors. Next chapter deals with formal essentials of the testament. The last...

Legal regulation of testamentary succession in the Czech republic and Italy The transmission by inheritance is connected, as the law of succession in general, to death of a natural person. The testamentary succession in particular is conditioned by the existence of the last will created by the testator. The purpose of my thesis is to analyse and compare the legal regulation of testamentary succession in the Czech republic and Italy. In this thesis I'm trying to point out on one side on the similarity of those regulations and on other side on their differences. The thesis is divided into introduction, seven chapters and conclusion. The first chapter defines the testamentary succession as one of legal titles of inherit. The second chapter deals with the last will in general, in particular with the testamentary capacity of testator, content of the last will, forms of testament, substitution of successors and revocation of the last will. The third chapter describes contracts of succession in general as another kind of title of succession beside law and last will. It is subdivided into four parts. The first one is dedicated to the theory created by Italian jurisprudence of acts "inter vivos, post mortem", the second one donation mortis causa and the third part focuses on the Italian particular form...

Testamentary succession in the Czech and German legal systems This thesis compares the testamentary succession in the Czech and German legal system. Testamentary inheritance sequence forms a significant part of the inheritance law in both countries and testament represents the most important heritage title. Czech Civil Code deals with regulation of inheritance law sections significantly less than the German Civil Code. While studying both legal systems I discovered many differences, especially in the organization of the possible contents of the testament. In Germany, as opposed to the Czech Republic, the testator in the testament can validly give such condition, order or the reference. Forms of regulation of testament are also different, German peculiarity is so called common testament of spouses. In general, the German legislature honors principle of autonomy of the will of the testator, his test freedom, much more than the Czech. Prepared codification of the new Czech Civil Code is inspired by our German neighbors and is returning to traditional institutes of inheritance rights, autonomy of the testator significantly is strengthened. As a result, the extent of the new legal regulation of succession is substantially larger than in the current Civil Code.

This thesis deals with the legal institution of testament. The purpose of the thesis is to characterize and analyse individual aspects of legal regulation contained in the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., Civil Code, and to think about changes and new institutions, that became part of legal regulation. The thesis is divided into an introductory chapter, eight chapters and a conclusion. The introductory chapter covers introduction to the matter and describes the purpose of the thesis. The first chapter deals with characteristics of individual legal titles of succession, such as inheritance contract, testament and intestate succession. The second chapter provides general characteristics of testament as a legal act. The purpose of the third chapter is to describe the conditions of testamentary capacity and its limits. The fourth chapter describes individual forms of testament, such as testament made by means of a private instrument, testament made by means of a public instrument and also concessions in the making of a testament. The fifth chapter focuses on clauses of lesser importance in a testament, such as selection of executor of last will or conditions, determinations of time and mandates. In the sixth chapter we can find deliberation on institutions of substitution of heirship and succession by...

This study addresses the effects of altruism and intention for succession on family firm's risk-taking behaviors. Results show that higher levels of familial altruism in family firms with succession plans lead to lower levels of R&D investment, but have no significant impacts on their earnings management. Also, altruism in these family firms decreases their cost of debt. / May 2016

This dissertation comprises three essays that explore determinants of inequality and social cohesion. The first essay explores the role of inheritance customs in spurring social equality. Using historical data on inheritance customs in Germany, I document that municipalities that historically fairly shared wealth among siblings see higher levels of social equality today. I point to two mechanisms that help explain the correlation: increased wealth equality and stronger pro-egalitarian preferences. Interestingly, I also find that equitably inheriting communities are associated with higher incomes and greater income inequality. I interpret this finding to mean that equitable inheritance levels the playing field by rewarding talent not hereditary status. The second essay analyzes how Protestant missions affect community cohesion. Exploiting variation in missionary activity in southeastern Peru, I document that villages exposed to missions have lower levels of community cohesion compared to non-exposed villages. I adjudicate between two mechanisms that may explain this finding - social networks and pro-social preferences - and find the latter to be more plausible. The third essay expands on this finding by implementing a field experiment with a missionary group in South Sudan in order to parse out the causal effect of Protestant evangelism on social capital. Using attitudinal and behavioral measures, I document that missionaries lower group-level social capital while increasing individual-level pro-social behavior. Taken together, my dissertation adds theoretical considerations and empirical evidence to a broad debate in the social sciences that tries to make sense of variation in social equality and cohesion.

Seventy percent of hospital leaders report a lack of succession planning practices as an organizational strategy to mitigate the risk of talent loss and for addressing nursing shortages. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore succession planning strategies 6 hospital managers used to reduce the shortage of nurse leaders in 2 Hampton Roads, Virginia hospitals. The conceptual framework was Rothwell's succession planning model for understanding the succession planning strategies the hospital managers used to reduce the shortage of nurse leaders. After conducting semistructured interviews, and reviewing supporting hospitals' documents, techniques of compiling, disassembling, reassembling, interpreting, and concluding were used for data analysis. Methodological triangulation was also to validate the findings and ensure the trustworthiness of interpretations. The principal themes emerging from the analysis were identifying organizational staffing needs, providing advancement opportunities, identifying potential leaders, and preparing nurses for leadership positions. The potential pathways for effecting beneficial social change are contributing to leaders' knowledge of succession planning strategies to reduce nurse leader vacancies and contributing to the welfare of society by improving the continuity of healthcare services for patients and communities.

A superintendent is vital to the success of school districts. Stability of an individual in this position is important for building trust and morale for district personnel over time. Small school districts in a large southern state have experienced increased rates of voluntary or involuntary superintendent succession, having had 2 or more superintendent changes within a 6-year period. Participative leadership theory served as the framework for this study. The guiding questions for this study investigated the impact of frequent superintendent succession in small school districts and the levels of trust and morale among district personnel. The variables for the study were superintendent succession between the years 2005 and 2011 and personnel trust and morale. Data were collected from Frequent Superintendent Turnover in Small School Districts and Impact on Personnel Trust and Morale surveys. Quantitative analysis of the survey data was conducted using the Spearman Rho correlation coefficient and chi-square analysis. Key findings indicated a significant relationship between frequent superintendent succession and decreased personnel trust and no significant relationship between morale of personnel. Chi-square correlation for trust showed a correlation to turnover and morale showed no correlation. It is recommended that districts provide training for school boards on the impact of frequent superintendent succession with an emphasis on administrative stability to enhance morale and trust among personnel. These actions could contribute to positive social change by building leadership capacity and sustaining high levels of morale and trust among district personnel.

Red spruce is a shade-tolerant conifer whose distribution and abundance reflect Quaternary climate history as well as natural and anthropogenic disturbances. This species once extended further south than its present localities, because of natural and anthropogenic disturbances such as logging, windthrow, and fire. Little is known about the disturbance regime of this species, because long term stand dynamics are difficult to obtain. This-long lived species is hypothesized to be suffering a decline in radial growth, density and abundance at the present time. Recent research suggests pollution, biotic stresses, climate change and natural stand dynamics are the driving forces behind these decreases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of fire in a mesic ecosystem, specifically a high-elevation red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) forest on Whitetop Mountain in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Six plots were established in a high elevation red spruce stand to characterize the stand composition. Tree ring data were collected to investigate radial growth relations to inter-annual climatic variability and cross-sections were used to investigate fire history. Red spruce continued to establish throughout the 19th century until a severe fire occurred in 1919 and caused a new cohort of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) to establish within the stand. Logging and fire caused high mortality in the stand, yet many spruce remain that outdate the past disturbances. Red spruce saplings continue to persist in the stand, showing regeneration despite the abundant hardwoods. Moisture was the main contributing factor to red spruce growth in the dendroclimatic analysis. Red spruce radial growth was significantly correlated to high precipitation and low temperatures of the previous growing season, which is similar to recent research results. This study collaborates the current literature on red spruce growth along with the results found here in creating a model to represent the growth characteristics of red spruce when inter-mixed with hardwoods after a severe disturbance.