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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Identification and Characterization of a Mutation Causing Stunted Growth in Arabidopsis that is Linked to Phosphate Perception

Shaikh, Mearaj Ahmed A J 12 1900 (has links)
Plant yield is an agronomic trait dependent on the transport of photosynthate from mature source leaves to sink tissues. Manipulating phloem transport may lead to increased yield, however in a previous study, Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing sucrose transporter AtSUC2 in the phloem resulted in stunted growth and an apparent P-deficiency. In the course of further characterizing the phenotype and identifying the causative mutation, this research included 1) reverse genetics to test genes hypothesized to modulate carbon-phosphate interactions; 2) whole genome sequencing to identify all T-DNA insertions in plants displaying the phenotype; 3) genetic crosses and segregation analysis to isolate the causative mutation; and 4) transcriptomics to capture gene-expression profiles in plants displaying the phenotype. These phenotypes were traced to a T-DNA insertion located on chromosome 4. Transcriptomics by RNA-Seq and data analysis through bioinformatics pipelines suggest disruptions in metabolic and transport pathways that include phosphate, but do not support a direct role of well-established phosphate acquisition mechanisms. Gene At1G78690 is immediately downstream of the T-DNA insertion site and shows modestly increased expression relative to wild type plants. At1G78690 encodes O-acyl transferase, which is involved in processing N-acylphosphotidyl ethanolamine (NAPE) to N-acyl ethanolamine (NAE). Exogenous NAE application causes stunted growth in specific conditions. From the experiments described herein, At1G78690 emerges as the strongest candidate for causing the observed phenotypes.
2

Étude de l'allocation du carbone dans la plante en réponse à la contrainte hydrique : impact sur l'expression des transporteurs de saccharose dans les organes source et puits / Study of plant carbon allocation under water deficit : impact on sucrose transporters genes expression in source and sink organs

Durand, Mickael 11 December 2015 (has links)
L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier les transporteurs de saccharose impliqués dans le développement des organes puits, et plus précisément leur rôle dans la racine des plantes soumises à la contrainte hydrique.L’expression des transporteurs AtSUCs et AtSWEETs a été cartographiée, au cours du développement complet de plantes A. thaliana cultivées en hydroponie, dans la rosette, la hampe, les siliques et les racines. En parallèle, nous avons évalué l’allocation du carbone et le métabolisme des sucres dans la plante entière au cours du développement pour finalement (1) avoir un aperçu de l’allocation du carbone, du métabolisme des sucres ainsi que de l’expression des transporteurs de saccharose et (2) discuter leurs possibles relations.Dans un second temps, nous avons conçu un système de culture en sol innovant appelé « Rhizobox » permettant la récolte de racines propres, l’analyse de l’architecture du système racinaire et l’application de la contrainte hydrique. Lors de la contrainte hydrique, la croissance racinaire est réduite, mais l’exploration en profondeur du système racinaire est maintenue probablement pour améliorer l’absorption d’eau. De plus, même si la rosette soumise à la contrainte hydrique était plus petite, l’export de 14C, vers la racine, était augmenté. Dans le même temps, les niveaux de transcrits des gènes de facilitateurs de saccharose AtSWEET11 et AtSWEET12 ainsi que du gène AtSUC2, un symporteur saccharose:H+ spécifique de la cellule compagne, tous trois impliqués dans le chargement du saccharose dans le phloème, étaient augmentés dans les feuilles des plantes soumises à la contrainte hydrique, corroborant l’augmentation de l’export du carbone vers la racine. De façon intéressante, les niveaux de transcrits des gènes AtSUC2 et d’ASWEET11-15, étaient plus élevés dans les racines stressées, soulignant (1) la potentielle existence d’un déchargement apoplastique du saccharose dans la racine d’A. thaliana et (2) un rôle putatif pour ces transporteurs de saccharose dans le déchargement du saccharose dans la racine étant donné qu’ils sont principalement exprimés dans les zones de la racine où la demande en carbone est importante. / The aim of this thesis was to investigate the sucrose transporters involved in sink organs development, and more precisely their role in roots of plants submitted to water deficit.The expression of AtSUCs and AtSWEETs transporters was mapped during the full development of A. thaliana plants grown hydroponically in rosette, stem, siliques and roots. In parallel, we evaluated C partitioning and sugar metabolism in whole plant during development to finally (1) get an insight on C allocation, sugar metabolism and sucrose transporters genes expression and (2) discuss their possible relationships.Secondly, we designed an innovating soil culture system, called “Rhizobox” which allows clean roots harvest, root system architecture analysis and water deficit experiment. Under water deficit, root growth was reduced, but in depth root exploration was maintained probably to improve water uptake. In addition, although shoot submitted to water deficit were smaller, 14C exported to the roots increased. In the same time, the transcript levels of the sucrose effluxers gene AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 and the companion-cell specific sucrose:H+ symporter gene AtSUC2, all three involved in sucrose phloem loading, are up-regulated in leaves of water deficit plants, agreeing with the increase in carbon export to the roots. Interestingly, the transcript levels of AtSUC2, and AtSWEET11-15, were higher in stressed roots, underlying (1) the potential existence of sucrose apoplastic unloading in Arabidopsis roots and (2) a putative role for these sucrose transporters in sucrose unloading in root since they are mainly expressed in root zones where C demand is high.

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