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131	Simulation Monte-Carlo de la radiolyse du dosimètre de Fricke par des neutrons rapides / Monte-Carlo simulation of fast neutron radiolysis in the Fricke dosimeter Tippayamontri, Thititip January 2009 (has links) Monte-Carlo calculations are used to simulate the stochastic effects of fast neutron-induced chemical changes in the radiolysis of the ferrous sulfate (Fricke) dosimeter. To study the dependence of the yield of ferric ions, G(Fe[superscript 3+]), on fast neutron energy, we have simulated, at 25 [degree centigrade], the oxidation of ferrous ions in aerated aqueous 0.4 M H[subscript 2]SO[subscript 4] (pH 0.46) solutions when subjected to ~0.5-10 MeV incident neutrons, as a function of time up to ~50 s. The radiation effects due to fast neutrons are estimated on the basis of track segment (or"escape") yields calculated for the first four recoil protons with appropriate weighting according to the energy deposited by each of these protons. For example, a 0.8-MeV neutron generates recoil protons of 0.505, 0.186, 0.069, and 0.025 MeV, with linear energy transfer (LET) values of ~41, 69, 82, and 62 keV/[micro]m, respectively. In doing so, we consider that further recoils make only a negligible contribution to radiation processes. Our results show that the radiolysis of dilute aqueous solutions by fast neutrons produces smaller radical yields and larger molecular yields (relative to the corresponding yields for the radiolysis of water by [superscript 60]Co [gamma]-rays or fast electrons) due to the high LET associated to fast neutrons. The effect of recoil ions of oxygen, which is also taken into account in the calculations, is shown to decrease G(Fe[superscript 3+]) by about 10%. Our calculated values of G(Fe[superscript 3+]) are found to increase slightly with increasing neutron energy over the energy range covered in this study, in good agreement with available experimental data. We have also simulated the effect of temperature on the G(Fe[superscript 3+]) values in the fast neutron radiolysis of the Fricke dosimeter from 25 to 300 [degree centigrade]. Our results show an increase of G(Fe[superscript 3+]) with increasing temperature, which is readily explained by an increase in the yields of free radicals and a decrease in those of molecular products. For 0.8-MeV incident neutrons (the only case for which experimental data are available in the literature), there is a ~23% increase in G(Fe[superscript 3+]) on going from 25 to 300 [degree centigrade]. Although these results are in reasonable agreement with experiment, more experimental data, in particular for different incident neutron energies, would be needed to test more rigorously our Fe[superscript 3+] ion yield results at elevated temperatures. Monte-Carlo simulations Temperature Time scale for spur expansion Fricke (ferrous sulfate) dosimeter Free-radical and molecular yields Linear energy transfer (LET) Recoil jons (protons and oxygen ions) Fast neutrons Radiolysis Aerated sulfuric acid aqueous solutions Liquid water
132	Sulfuric Acid: Its Potential for Improving Irrigation Water Quality Bohn, H. L., Westerman, R. L. 23 April 1971 (has links) From the Proceedings of the 1971 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 22-23, 1971, Tempe, Arizona / The 2 major environmental problems of Arizona and the southwest are the alkalinization of soil and water by irrigation and air pollution from copper smelting. It is proposed that the amelioration of both problems may be solved through a common process. This is the production of sulfuric acid from sulfur dioxide, which is the main pollutant of smelter effluent gases. The conversion process is cheap and easy, and the sulfuric acid could then be added to irrigation waters to increase the solubility of CA carbonate in the soil, thereby decreasing alkalinity. Lower alkalinity results in increased soil permeability and increased water use efficiency by plants. The potential market for sulfuric acid in irrigation was calculated, on the basis of neutralizing 90% of the bicarbonate ion concentration in Colorado River water and Arizona well water, to be about 1.6 million tons annually, representing about 1/3 of the sulfur now dissipated by smelters as air pollution. This market includes both the Imperial Valley of California and the Mexicali Valley of Mexico, both of which are currently experiencing mounting salinity problems. Salinity itself is not amenable to this treatment, but the cumulative increase in NA and bicarbonate may be slowed and reversed, leading to gradual soil stabilization. Water resources development -- Arizona. Hydrology -- Arizona. Hydrology -- Southwestern states. Alkaline soils Air pollution Sulfur compounds Irrigation water Arid lands Southwest U.S. Colorado River Groundwater Economic feasibility Arizona Sodium Bicarbonates Carbonates Sulfur Calcium Soil chemical properties Water quality Ion exchange Sulfuric acid Sulfur dioxide
133	Partikelbildung bei der Alkenozonolyse und ihre Kopplung an die Radikalchemie / Particle formation during the ozonolysis of alkenes and its interconnection with radical chemistry Keunecke, Claudia 11 May 2012 (has links) No description available. 540 Chemie SD 000 SGE 300 SGE 450 Chemistry Ozonolyse FTIR-Spektroskopie Gasphasenprodukte Kinetik Partikelbildung Schwefelsäure Hexen Butensäure α-Pinen β-Pinen 4-Penten-1-ol 3-Buten-1-ol 1-Penten-3-ol 1-Penten-3-on 4-Pentenal ozonolysis FTIR-spectroscopy gas phase products kinetics particle formation sulfuric acid hexene butenoic acid α-pinene β-pinene 4-penten-1-ole 3-buten-1-ole 1-penten-3-ole 1-penten-3-one 35.22 58.14 38.81 35.25

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