<p> The effect of chromium on the activity coefficient of sulphur in the ternary system Fe-S-Cr has been investigated over an extended range of temperature and chromium concentrations. A levitation-melting technique was used and H2-H2S gas mixtures were passed over levitated droplets of iron and iron-chromium alloys. By comparing the experimental results obtained for both binary and ternary systems the effect of chromium on the activity coefficient of sulphur was derived in terms of first order free energy, enthalpy and entropy coefficients. Thermal diffusion effects were cancelled out by carrying out binary and ternary runs under the same experimental conditions.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

<p>Sulphur Creek, which occupies a basin to the north and west of Ancaster, Ontario, is fed by approximately 100 springs. This is the first detailed investigation of these springs. The results of this study are presented and a number of interesting conclusions have been drawn from them.Several directions for further research are also indicated.</p> <p> Physical analysis of the springs has revealed that they are on a planar, lacustrine blue clay aquiclude, which was formed as a result of meltwater ponding against an ice lobe, during the late Wisconsin glaciation. The meltwater lake covered most of the Sulphur Creek Basin, as indicated by the fact that blue clay was found all along the Creek's course. However, further research is required to determine the exact extent of this proglacial lake. </p> <p> A preliminary study of six springs was also undertaken in hope of determining the residence time of the groundwaters feeding the springs. It was found that there are significant short term trends in spring temperature, solute abundancies and 180 composition with season, suggesting that the residence times are surprisingly short. Also, the trends in the above variables suggest that groundwater residence time tends to vary from spring to spring. However, there are contradictions in trend when different variables are compared, which again suggests that further research is warranted. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

<p> Sulphur isotope data from coexisting sulphides and sulphates from the 120m level of the Shangtancen ore body of the Taolin Pb-Zn ore deposit have been used to estimate the temperatures of sulphur mineral precipitation. The data indicate that sulphide was the dominant species in solution at both high and low temperatures. The data also show that the 𝛿34S value of total sulphur in solution was close to zero at high temperatures, but had low negative values (about -6.7‰) at low temperatures. This is interpreted in terms of the effects of mineral precipitation on the isotopic 34 composition of the solution. The decrease of the 𝛿34S value of the total sulphur with decreasing temperature was brought about because the removal from the system, by precipitation, of isotopically heavy sulphate exceeded the removal from the system, by precipitation, of isotopically light sulphide.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

<p> A levitation apparatus has been constructed for investigating the behaviour of liquid iron drops containing sulphur, whilst suspended in a moving gas stream.</p> <p> To further this investigation, a source of iron-sulphur alloys, in form and size suitable for levitation, was required. Four methods for the preparation of the desired alloys were suggested, and each was experimentally examined in sequence.</p> <p> The first 2 methods involved the quenching of a liquid solution of sulphur in iron, to give a solid alloy. The well-known behaviour of sulphur, to segregate on solidification, was observed, and the non-uniformity of the resulting alloys could not be tolerated. The third method involved preparing a large number of individual iron-sulphur samples by allowing drops of iron to fall and quench on particles of sulphur or iron sulphide. The repeatability of the method was found to be unsatisfactory. In the final attempt a levitated liquid drop of iron was equilibrated in a gas mixture of hydrogen-hydrogen sulphide. This method was considered more successful than the earlier three, and has the advantage that the prepared alloy drop is levitated and at the desired temperature.</p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

The isotopic composition of meteorite sulphur and sea water sulphates was investigated by means of a simultaneous collection mass spectrometer. It was found that sixteen samples of meteorite sulphur possessed identical isotope abundances within the precision of the instrument. The sulphates from various depths in the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic Oceans, were found to be enriched in s34 compared to the meteorite base level. The overall variation in s32/s34 content was 0.39 percent for the sea water samples. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

Situated between Blacksburg and Christiansburg in Montgomery County, Virginia, the Yellow Sulphur Springs Resort began in 1810 as a collection of rustic cabins and closed in 1923 with two hotels, numerous cottages, a bowling alley, and a springhouse gazebo. In the interim, the resort hosted summer travelers seeking refreshment and leisure. Whether drinking the medicinal spring waters or catching up with last summerâ s acquaintances, guests found Yellow Sulphur to be a peaceful and rejuvenating stop on the springs circuit. Currently, the property is privately owned and its owners have expressed interest in renovating the remaining hotel and opening a restaurant on its first floor. Presupposing this renovation and a subsequent reopening of the Yellow Sulphur Springs Resort, I proposed a new series of seasonal cottage rows to house resort visitors and have designed one row in particular that overlooks a small spring on the site. Each cottage was divided into public, private, and most private spaces, both formally and systematically. Additionally, a distinction was made between the sulphurous spring water below and fresh rain water, which is collected above, to reflect summer light into the bathrooms following afternoon showers. / Master of Architecture

This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project. / A reprint of Water-Supp1y Paper 320, United States Geological Survey. United States Department of the Interior, being No. 3 cooperative, between United States Departments and the Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station. / Chapter on agriculture by R. H. Forbes

Foi realizado um estudo sobre o efeito das concentrações de SO2 na sua absorção por calcários em fornalhas de leito fluidizado. Para observar a influência do SO2 sobre os diferentes parâmetros físicos e químicos do processo, foram criadas atmosferas compostas por quatro concentrações diferentes de SO2, que foram de 500, 1.000, 2.000 e 4.000 ppm. Utilizou-se ainda dois tipos de calcários, o Dolomítico-DP e o Calcítico-CI. O leito fluidizado borbulhante utilizado, possuía 160 mm de diâmetro interno e foi fluidizado com ar à temperatura de 850ºC, contendo SO2 na concentração desejada. Como material do leito foi utilizada areia de quartzo (99,9%), com diâmetro de 385 &#956m e aproximadamente 3,0 Kg de massa. O calcário foi adicionado em bateladas de 50 g com o reator já pré-aquecido, enquanto as variações das concentrações dos gases SO2, CO2, CO e O2 e suas descargas foram monitoradas continuamente na saída do ciclone que era utilizado para retenção do particulado fino. Para adquirir esses dados foi desenvolvido um programa em LabView. O modelo matemático escolhido possibilitou a determinação da conversão, da taxa de conversão e do coeficiente global de taxa de reação para todas as condições testadas. / A study of the effect of the concentrations of SO2 in its absorption by limestones in fluidized bed furnaces was conducted. For the determination of the SO2 influence on the different physical and chemical parameters of process, such as calcinations and sulfatation four different atmospheres were used in the reator with concentrations of SO2 of 500, 1.000, 2.000 and 4.000 ppm. Two types of limestones were used : Dolomitico-DP and Calcitico-CI. The bench scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor had a 160 mm internal diameter and was fluidized with air at 850ºC containing the required concentration of SO2. Bed material was quartz sand (99,9%), with 385 &#956m diameter and approximately 3 Kg of mass. The limestone was introduced in samples of 50 g, in the reactor previously stabilized, and the concentration of the gases SO2, CO2, CO and O2 and their discharges in the reactor exit were continually monitored. For the recording of this parameters a data acquisition program in LabView was developed. A mathematical model was used to allow the determination of the conversion, the conversion rate and the global coefficient of reaction rate for all the tested conditions.

The cycling of biogenic volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) within marine and terrestrial ecosystems has been shown to play an integral role in atmospheric chemistry; by influencing global climate change through the creation of cloud condensation nuclei and controlling acid-base chemistry; as well as influencing sediment chemistry including the interactions with trace metals, particularly regarding iron sulfide formation. Despite this, the examination of VSCs within Australian coastal acid sulfate soils (ASS) is an unexplored area of research. As ASS in Australia occupy an area in excess of 9 M ha, there is a clear need for a greater understanding of the cycling of these compounds within such systems. This thesis looks at the concentrations of several VSCs within agricultural and undisturbed ASS on the east coast of Australia. Initial measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were made using passive diffusion samplers, which were followed by two detailed field-based studies looking at the concentrations and fluxes of both SO2 and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) using flux-gradient micrometeorological techniques. These novel results indicated that this agricultural ASS was a substantial source of atmospheric H2S (0.036-0.056 gSm-2yr-1), and SO2 (0.095-0.31 gSm-2yr-1), with flux values equating to many other salt- and freshwater marshes and swamps. The flux data also suggested that the ASS could be a continual source of H2S which is photo-oxidised during the daytime to SO2. Measurements of both compounds showed separate, inverse correlations to temperature and moisture meteorological parameters indicating possible contributing and / or causal release factors. Further identification of these and other VSCs within ASS samplers was undertaken in the laboratory using gas chromatography in combination with solid-phase microextraction. Although SO2 and H2S were not discovered within the headspace samples, two other VSCs important in atmospheric sulfur cycling and trace metal geochemistry were quantified; dimethylsulfide (DMS; &gt 300??g/L) and ethanethiol (ESH &gt 4??g/L). The measurements of H2S, DMS and ESH are the first quantifications with Australian ASS, and they may be important for refining regional or local atmospheric sulfur budgets, as well as interpreting previous SO2 emissions from ASS. Ultimately this thesis further enhances our understanding of the cycling of VSCs within acid sulfate systems.

Graduation date: 2003