Ce travail de thèse se concentre sur la dynamique rotationnelle du système couplé graine, noyau externe et manteau. Notre modèle inclut en effet deux couples électromagnétiques directs aux limites du noyau fluide et un couple gravitationnel entre la graine et le manteau. La dynamique rotationnelle est décrite par quatre cisaillements typiques et étudiés dans des simulations numériques convectives de la géodynamo reproduisant les principales caractéristiques du champ magnétique terrestre et de sa variation séculaire. Celle-ci est principalement représentée par la dérive géomagnétique vers l’ouest de taches de flux magnétique à la CMB, concentrée à l’équateur de l’hémisphère Atlantique, et bien documentée pour les quatre derniers siècles. Nous fournissons des contraintes sur la rotation différentielle de la graine en exprimant son lien avec la dérive géomagnétique vers l’ouest. Ceci est réalisé par la formulation et la validation de modèles dynamiques de couples électromagnétiques. Au long terme, le cisaillement global dans le noyau fluide est réparti entre la dérive géomagnétique vers l’ouest et la rotation différentielle de la graine, dans des proportions contrôlées par l’état des couplages. Puisqu’une estimation actuelle de ce cisaillement est proche de la vitesse de la dérive géomagnétique vers l’ouest, nous concluons que la rotation différentielle moyenne de la graine est proche de zéro. En ce qui concerne ses fluctuations, l’intensité du couplage gravitationnel est le paramètre dominant. Cette observation place une limite sur les fluctuations décennales de la rotation différentielle de la graine, qui ne devraient pas excéder quelques centièmes de degré par an / This PhD work focuses on the rotational dynamics of the coupled inner core - outercore - mantle system. The conservation of the angular momentum our coupled Earth model indeed involves two direct electromagnetic torques at the fluid core boundaries and a remote gravitational torque between the inner core and the mantle. The rotational dynamics is described by four typical shears and studied in convective numerical simulations of the geodynamo which are able to reproduce the main characteristics of the geomagnetic field and its secular variation. This secular variation is mainly embodied by the westward drift of magnetic flux patches at the CMB, concentrated on the equator of the Atlantic hemisphere, and is well documented for the last four centuries. We provide constrains on the inner core differential rotation by expressing its link to the geomagnetic westward drift. This is performed through the formulation and the validation of dynamical electromagnetic torque models, which are then introduced in the conservation of the angular momentum of the system. In the long-term state, the global shear in the fluid outer core is distributed between the westward drift and the differential rotation of the inner core, in proportions controlled by the state of couplings. As a present day estimate of this shear is close to the observed westward drift, we conclude there is no differential rotation of the inner core on time-average. In the time-dependent state, we observed that the strength of gravitational coupling is the dominant parameter. This places limit on the decadal fluctuations of the inner core differential rotation, which should not exceed a few hundredths of degree per year

In this thesis, we study the effect of diurnally- and seasonally-varying forcing on the global circulation of planetary atmospheres explored within a large parameter space. This work focusses on studying the spacial and spectral energy budgets across a large range of planetary parameters as well as the momentum transfer as a response to diurnal and seasonal effects. We simulate planetary atmospheres using PUMA-GT, a simple GCM co-developed for this work, that is forced by a semi-grey two-band radiative-convective scheme, dissipated by Rayleigh friction and allows for temporally varying insolation. Our parameter regime includes the variation of the planetary rotation rate, frictional timescale in the boundary layer, the thermal inertia of the surface and the atmosphere, as well as the short-wave optical thickness. We calculate the energy transfer in Martian atmosphere to have a reference case of an atmosphere that is subject to very strong seasonal and diurnal variation. For this we present the first Lorenz energy budget calculated from reanalysis data of a non-Earth planet. A comparison between Martian and Earth atmosphere reveals a fundamentally different behaviour of the barotropic conversion term in the global mean. A significant impact of the thermal tide can be discerned in the generation of eddy kinetic energy, especially during global dust storms. Our study of seasonal variation reaffirms previous work that the equatorial super-rotating jet in the slow-rotating regime is arrested for strong seasonal variation. We find a novel explanation as to why the Titan atmosphere is able to maintain super-rotation despite strong surface seasonality; for non-zero short-wave absorption in the atmosphere the mechanism that hinders equatorial super-rotation is weakened. Diurnally-varying forcing can significantly enhance the equatorial super-rotation in cases with non-zero short-wave absorption. In our simulations this enhancement is maintained by a convergence of vertical momentum flux at the equator. Efforts to identify the atmospheric waves involved in this enhancement point towards thermally-excited gravity waves.