Orientadores: Marcelo Moraes Guzzo, Renata Zukanovich Funchal / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T18:49:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SanchezVega_BruceLehmann_M.pdf: 867356 bytes, checksum: 7ef0ed6b2a81cab96ae23751d7ad2efa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Neste trabalho estudamos os decaimentos não radiativos de neutrinos de Majorana, via bósons sem massa, no vácuo e na matéria. Os acoplamentos considerados entre os neutrinos e os bósons foram de tipo escalar ou pseudoescalar. Em particular estudamos os processos n i ® nj + c e n i ® n j + c (onde c representa o campo escalar ou pseudoescalar). No vácuo, calculamos as taxas efetivas na ordem mais baixa da teoria de perturbações usando o formalismo convencional para neutrinos de Majorana. Calculamos estas mesmas taxas para o caso da matéria usando o formalismo de helicidade de dois componentes introduzido em [P. Mannheim, Phys. Rev. D. 37, 1935 (1988)] para uma teoria geral (n, m), onde se tem n campos que pertencem a isodubletos de SUL(2) (neutrinos ativos) e m campos isosingletos de SUL(2) (neutrinos estéreis). Decaimentos de neutrinos com tempos de vida relativamentes longos podem ser provados, em principio, através de observações de neutrinos relíquias de supernovas. Portanto, calculamos o uxo de antineutrinos ne relíquias de supernovas que chegam à terra considerando simultaneamente as oscilações e os decaimentos dos neutrinos mencionados anteriormente / Abstract: In this work we study nonradiative decays of Majorona neutrinos, via massless bosons, in vacuum and matter. The considerate couplings between the neutrinos and the bosons were scalar and pseudoscalar. In particular we study the processes n i ® nj + c e n i ® n j + c (where is either scalar or pseudoscalar field). In vacuum, we calculate effective rates in the lowest order of the perturbation theory using the conventional formalism for Majorana neutrinos. We calculate the same rates in the matter case using the two-component helicity formalism introduced in [P. Mannheim, Phys. Rev. D. 37, 1935 (1988)] for a general theory, where there are neutrino fields belong to SUL(2) isodoublets (active neutrinos) and neutrino fields belong to SUL(2) isosinglets (sterile neutrinos). Neutrino decays of relatively long lifetimes could be proved, in principle, through of supernova relic neutrino (SRN) observations. Therefore, we calculate the antineutrinos ux of SRN that arrive to the Earth simultaneously considering both neutrino oscillations and the previously mentioned neutrino decays / Mestrado / Física das Particulas Elementares e Campos / Mestre em Física

We present optical and near-IR photometry and spectroscopy of SN 2013L for the first 4 yr post-explosion. SN 2013L was a moderately luminous (M-r = -19.0) Type IIn supernova (SN) that showed signs of strong shock interaction with the circumstellar medium (CSM). The CSM interaction was equal to or stronger to SN 1988Z for the first 200 d and is observed at all epochs after explosion. Optical spectra revealed multicomponent hydrogen lines appearing by day 33 and persisting and slowly evolving over the next few years. By day 1509, the Ha emission was still strong and exhibiting multiple peaks, hinting that the CSM was in a disc or torus around the SN. SN 2013L is part of a growing subset of SNe IIn that shows both strong CSM interaction signatures and the underlying broad lines from the SN ejecta photosphere. The presence of a blue Ha emission bump and a lack of a red peak does not appear to be due to dust obscuration since an identical profile is seen in Pa beta. Instead this suggests a high concentration of material on the near-side of the SN or a disc inclination of roughly edge-on and hints that SN 2013L was part of a massive interactive binary system. Narrow Ha P-Cygni lines that persist through the entirety of the observations measure a progenitor outflow speed of 80-130 km s(-1), speeds normally associated with extreme red supergiants, yellow hypergiants, or luminous blue variable winds. This progenitor scenario is also consistent with an inferred progenitor mass-loss rate of 0.3-8.0 x 10(-3) M-circle dot yr(-1).

We present the results of an extensive observational campaign on the nearby Type Ibn SN 2015G, including data from radio through ultravioletwavelengths. SN2015Gwas asymmetric, showing late-time nebular lines redshifted by similar to 1000 km s(-1). It shared many features with the prototypical SN Ibn 2006jc, including extremely strong He I emission lines and a late-time blue pseudo-continuum. The young SN 2015G showed narrow P-Cygni profiles of He I, but never in its evolution did it showany signature of hydrogen -arguing for a dense, ionized and hydrogenfree circumstellar medium moving outward with a velocity of similar to 1000 km s(-1) and created by relatively recent mass-loss from the progenitor star. Ultraviolet through infrared observations show that the fading SN 2015G (which was probably discovered some 20 d post-peak) had a spectral energy distribution that was well described by a simple, single-component blackbody. Archival HST images provide upper limits on the luminosity of SN 2015G's progenitor, while non-detections of any luminous radio afterglow and optical non-detections of outbursts over the past two decades provide constraints upon its mass-loss history.

The SuperNovae Analysis aPplication (SNAP) is a new tool for the analysis of SN observations and validation of SN models. SNAP consists of a publicly available relational database with observational light curve, theoretical light curve, and correlation table sets with statistical comparison software, and a web interface available to the community. The theoretical models are intended to span a gridded range of parameter space. The goal is to have users upload new SN models or new SN observations and run the comparison software to determine correlations via the website. There are problems looming on the horizon that SNAP is beginning to solve. For example, large surveys will discover thousands of SNe annually. Frequently, the parameter space of a new SN event is unbounded. SNAP will be a resource to constrain parameters and determine if an event needs follow-up without spending resources to create new light curve models from scratch. Second, there is no rapidly available, systematic way to determine degeneracies between parameters, or even what physics is needed to model a realistic SN. The correlations made within the SNAP system are beginning to solve these problems.

No description available.

La matière sombre sert à combler la lacune de masse constatée dans la théorie de la gravité actuelle. Introduire des modèles de matière sombre comprenant des particules de type axion (une particule théorique qui semble être une solution au problème de la symétrie CP dans les interactions fortes) ou des photons sombres (une particule théorique qui pourrait résoudre le problème du moment magnétique anomal du muon) permettrait donc de répondre à des questions toujours sans réponse. Plusieurs chercheurs ont déjà travaillé sur le cas du processus de diffusion neutron-neutron dans l'approximation de l'échange à un pion. Toutefois, il semblerait que cette approximation ne corresponde pas totalement à ce qu'on observe. Nous travaillons alors avec l'approximation de doux neutrinos. Cette méthode permet une approximation du comportement d'un nucléon off-shell lors de sa propagation par un nucléon on-shell. Nous calculons ici les émissivités d'une paire de neutrinos, de l'axion et du photon sombre à l'intérieur d'une supernova. Nous prenons le processus de refroidissement bremsstrahlung avec l'approximation de doux neutrinos pour nos calculs. Ces résultats permettraient d'utiliser des données expérimentales pour obtenir des valeurs numériques d'émissivité. / Dark matter fills the void in the current theory of gravity. Introducing dark matter models with axion like particles (theoretical particles that would represent a solution to the strong CP problem) or with dark photons (theoretical particles that could fix the muon anomalous magnetic moment problem) could answer multiple questions which remain unanswered. Many researchers worked on neutron-neutron diffusion with the one pion exchange approximation. However, it seems like this approximation is not representative of the observations. We will work with the soft neutrinos approximation instead. This method allows us to take the off-shell nucleons as if they were on-shell while they are propagating. We will compute the emissivities of neutrino pairs, axions and dark photons inside a supernova. We will use the bremsstrahlung cooling process with the soft neutrinos approximation. Those results will enable us to use experimental data to obtain numerical values of the emissivities.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第24419号 / 理博第4918号 / 新制||理||1702(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 前田 啓一, 講師 LEE Shiu Hang, 教授 太田 耕司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

Hundreds of years after exploding, the original light from a supernova can still be observed in the form of light echoes. This light scatters off interstellar dust and is re-directed back toward Earth; due to the extra travel time, we observe the echo after the initial outburst. At some time t after observing the outburst, the surface of equal travel paths defines an ellipsoid with Earth and the supernova at the foci. If dust intersects this ellipsoid it is possible to scatter the light and produce an echo. In this thesis, I develop a relative probability model for the detection of supernova light echoes based on the physical characteristics of interstellar dust and absorption near the Galactic plane. This model includes a dust scattering function, distribution (scale height) of dust in the Galaxy, the dilution of echo flux with distance, and absorption along the supernova-dust-Earth travel paths. I have tested the model's predictions against observations and compared it with a prior survey strategy based on IRIS (re-processed IRAS) maps. Currently the IRIS-based strategy is more effective at selecting good paintings but its detection rate is only around 5%, highlighting the elusiveness of echo appearances. This work considers six historical supernovae in the Milky Way, all of which exploded in the pre-telescopic era (with the possible exception of Cas A) and were recorded as "guest stars" in astronomy records from Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. Their light echoes could give us information on these historically significant events and an opportunity to simultaneously study a supernova in outburst and several hundred years later. Early investigations suggest that the distribution of CO in the Galaxy may anti-correlate with the best paintings for light echoes; if a CO-echo link can be established, this would be useful in future light echo surveys. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Supernova (SN) 2005ip was a Type IIn event notable for its sustained strong interaction with circumstellar material (CSM), coronal emission lines and infrared (IR) excess, interpreted as shock interaction with the very dense and clumpy wind of an extreme red supergiant. We present a series of late- time spectra of SN 2005ip and a first radio detection of this SN, plus late-time X-rays, all of which indicate that its CSM interaction is still strong a decade post- explosion. We also present and discuss new spectra of geriatric SNe with continued CSM interaction: SN 1988Z, SN 1993J and SN 1998S. From 3 to 10 yr post- explosion, SN 2005ip's Ha luminosity and other observed characteristics were nearly identical to those of the radio- luminous SN 1988Z, and much more luminous than SNe 1993J and 1998S. At 10 yr after explosion, SN 2005ip showed a drop in Ha luminosity, followed by a quick resurgence over several months. We interpret this Ha variability as ejecta crashing into a dense shell located less than or similar to 0.05 pc from the star, which may be the same shell that caused the IR echo at earlier epochs. The extreme Ha luminosities in SN 2005ip and SN 1988Z are still dominated by the forward shock at 10 yr post- explosion, whereas SN 1993J and SN 1998S are dominated by the reverse shock at a similar age. Continuous strong CSM interaction in SNe 2005ip and 1988Z is indicative of enhanced mass- loss for similar to 10(3) yr before core collapse, longer than Ne, O or Si burning phases. Instead, the episodic mass- loss must extend back through C burning and perhaps even part of He burning.