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Determinants of off-farm employment among Oregon farm households : a tobit analysisRauniyar, Krishna K. P. 12 January 1996 (has links)
An investigation was conducted to determine the impact of economic and
non-economic factors on the off-farm work efforts of Oregon farm husbands and
wives. A total of 283 Oregon farm households (with husbands and wives) were
randomly selected from lists of persons deferring taxes for farm purposes, obtained
from County Assessors' offices in each of eight randomly selected counties.
Counties with larger number of farms had a higher probability of being selected.
Data came from an Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station study
conducted during 1988-89.
The empirical findings from the maximum likelihood Tobit model showed
plausible directional impacts. Off-farm wage rate, the basis of a reduced labor
supply model, was the key variable in explaining off-farm work. Wives' off-farm work
response to off-farm wage was more elastic when compared to husbands' off-farm
work. Additional significant variables to affect either or both husbands' and wives'
total off-farm work were total farm debt, husband's age, education, urban/rural
location of farm, net farm income, age-square, farm life satisfaction, and total family
income before tax.
Education was positively related to off-farm work only for wives. Results also
indicate that high levels of net farm income as well as farm debt reduce the
likelihood and extent of off-farm work. The location of the farm closer in proximity to
metropolitan areas, was a significant factor in increased off-farm work hours.
Farm life satisfaction was negatively significant for both wives and husbands.
The effect of farm life satisfaction was more prominent for wives than for husbands.
Total family income was significant and negatively related to wives' off-farm work
but not husbands, indicating that women may be more sensitive to a choice for
leisure or household work and the motivation for husbands' off-farm work may be
higher. Despite a substantial incidence of low profitability and low farm income from
farming and some unhappiness and hard work, these farmers generally reported a
high level of satisfaction with their farming operations. Any policy implications based
on the findings of this study must be cautiously interpreted based on farm types and
the work motivation of farmers in Oregon. / Graduation date: 1996
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Die Mehrfachbeschäftigung in der Sozialversicherung /Elsner, Jürgen. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Göttingen.
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Das vertragswidrige Doppelarbeitsverhältnis /Janert, Wolf-Rüdiger. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Göttingen.
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Whānau coping under the circumstance of multiple job holding : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Sociology in the University of Canterbury /Pere, Huia Matariki. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M. A.)--University of Canterbury, 2007. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-114). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Nebentätigkeiten von Arbeitnehmern : Interessenkollisionen von Arbeitgebern und Arbeitnehmern /Peter, Doreen, January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Universiẗat Göttingen, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 263-279) and index.
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Die strafrechtliche Bekämpfung der Schwarzarbeit unter besonderer Berücksichtigung wirtschaftlicher Aspekte /Brenner, Sven. January 2008 (has links)
Humboldt-Universiẗat, Diss.--Berlin, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 245-261) and index.
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Some nonprofessional part-time jobs held by male elementary school teachers in San Bernardino County, CaliforniaHarris, Robert Elwyn 01 January 1956 (has links)
Many teachers known to the investigator had supplemented their teaching incomes by holding part-time jobs. Aware of many such instances, the writer decided to make a survey in San Bernardino County to determine to what extant male elementary school teachers were accepting part-time nonprofessional employment. It was hoped that this study would also determine why those nonprofessional jobs were being accepted by teachers.
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A Study of the Incidence of Multiple Jobholding Among the Faculty and Administrative Personnel at Bowling Green State UniversityLeemaster, Lawrence R. January 1966 (has links)
No description available.
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A critical analysis of rationalisation and redeployment of educators in Limpopo ProvinceMabotja, Morema Jack January 2016 (has links)
Thesis (M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / Refer to document
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Determinants of off-farm labor supply among farm households in the north Willamette ValleyDoyle, Douglas J., 1963- 10 August 1987 (has links)
Financial stress in agriculture has been a concern over the past
century. Agrarian values and "love of the land" seem to yield public
conclusions for the support of the industry. Much of this support is
in the interest of preserving a viable food producing sector in an
volatile world climate. High interest rates, declining land values
and highly competitive export markets have spurred renewed concern
for farm survival in the past ten years.
One alternative to traditional price supports and tariffs for
farm household support is off-farm income. This may take many forms
including off-farm wages and salaries, rental income, interest and
dividend income and, retirement or pension funds. Central to the
analysis of nonfarm income generation is the allocation of time by
farm households. For farmers who place a high value on the farm
lifestyle, occupational choice is embedded in the time decision to
such an extent that the resource allocations based on economic efficiency
criteria may be altered.
Tobit techniques offer a new approach to the analysis of farm
household decisions on time allocation. The procedure allows the investigator
to estimate and evaluate parameters that may affect the
amount of off-farm work by farm household members. The Tobit
analysis is designed for censored data sets. The data in this study
were censored because there were missing observations on the quantity
of off-farm work for those individuals who did not work off-farm in
1986.
Results of Tobit analyses of off-farm work by farm operators and
spouses in three Oregon counties indicated that high levels of gross
farm income reduce the likelihood and extent of off-farm work.
Middle-aged operators worked off-farm more while the presence of
small children and elderly dependents in the farm household inhibited
off-farm work. The allocation decisions of the spouse and the
operator appeared to be independent; this supports a nonsimultaneous
Tobit specification like the one used in this research. / Graduation date: 1988
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