Den växande e-livsmedelshandelns Supply Chains har studerats genom hållbarhetsglasögon där syftet var att ”[…] ge en fördjupad förståelse över hur svenska elivsmedelsaktörerarbetar med frågor rörande Sustainable Supply Chain Management”. Syftet fullgjordes genom en kvalitativ studie av tre organisationer, i vilka totalt 9 beslutsfattare intervjuades enligt ett semi-strukturerat intervjuförfarande. De data som samlades rörande e-livsmedelsaktörernas arbete med SSCM har i sin tur analyserats med hänvisning till en i förväg fastställd teoretisk referensram. Vår studie avslöjar att två av de svenska e-livsmedelsaktörerna är exemplariska och framstående med att införliva hållbarhet i sin Supply Chain. De engagerar sig aktivt i de initiativ för Sustainable Supply Chain Management som i litteraturen identifierades som nödvändiga för en verkligt hållbar Supply Chain. De har en allomfattande och övergripande strategi för att minimera den sociala risken, reducera resursutnyttjande och förorenande biprodukter i hela Supply Chain samt för att förbättra organisatoriskt inbäddade ohållbara vanor. Det tredje företaget saknar emellertid kapacitet och marknadsinflytande att engagera sig i SSCM. Studien åskådliggör även att en klimatneutral e-livsmedelsdistribution osannolikt förverkligas inom en snar framtid, såvida inte marknaden interveneras och företagen tvingas internalisera kostnaderna för utsläpp.

This thesis presents an optimization model which helps retailers to reduce product costs by taking advantage of parts commonality in manufacturing and production areas, when selling similar units with uncertainty in demands. The concept of component commonality can be often found in the assemble-to-order system, which is the foremost concept used by prominent manufacturing companies in the global market. The method developed uses genetic algorithm (GA) to solve real world optimization problems that contain integer values for parts and finished items, and uncertain information. Numerical examples are solved using generated stochastic scenarios to show the impact of uncertainty on solutions. This impact is verified using two important criteria, Expected Value of Perfect Information (EVPI) and Value of Stochastic Solution (VSS). The obtained solutions present significant monetary benefits for the manufacturer illustrating the importance of the model presented here for retailers.

Effective Medicine Control is the essence of pharmaceutical service delivery and of financial management in Platinum Health Pharmacies. Platinum Health Pharmacies implement medicine control measures to enhance and optimise service delivery. As Platinum Health Pharmacies deliver a pharmaceutical service as business associates of Anglo Platinum, it serves the same workforce. The requirement of the pharmaceutical service delivery for Anglo Platinum is timely, appropriate and available medicine. Therefore, Platinum Health Pharmacies need to adhere to set criteria, those of ?Good Pharmacy Practice in South Africa? as applied to the control, procurement and prescribing of medication. The ordering and receiving of necessary medication forms a significant part of the criteria, as this is the source of medication to pharmacies. The subsequent management of medication as inventory and control over recall, storage, excess and disposal of expired medication serves the same purpose. Effective dispensing and distribution methods are therefore mandated to ensure timeously availability of correct medication. Finally, the success of effective medicine control is defined by the accuracy of the stock take ascertaining the results of managerial methods of medication. Platinum Health Pharmacies recorded an overall adherence level of 85 percent to the abovementioned criteria. This is a good indication of a strong, reliable and experienced pharmaceutical workforce that delivers an outstanding pharmaceutical service and is capable of maintaining effective medicine control. Although few shortcomings were identified, it is nevertheless recommended that Platinum Health Pharmacies plan the improvement of their risk management plans, and identify quality improvement projects in areas of medicine procurement. The implementation of key performance indicators, relevant to stock control, is also recommended. These, put into effect will assure optimisation of effective medicine control for Platinum Health Pharmacies, maintaining the benefits of cost containment and cost effective pharmaceutical service delivery. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Effective Medicine Control is the essence of pharmaceutical service delivery and of financial management in Platinum Health Pharmacies. Platinum Health Pharmacies implement medicine control measures to enhance and optimise service delivery. As Platinum Health Pharmacies deliver a pharmaceutical service as business associates of Anglo Platinum, it serves the same workforce. The requirement of the pharmaceutical service delivery for Anglo Platinum is timely, appropriate and available medicine. Therefore, Platinum Health Pharmacies need to adhere to set criteria, those of ?Good Pharmacy Practice in South Africa? as applied to the control, procurement and prescribing of medication. The ordering and receiving of necessary medication forms a significant part of the criteria, as this is the source of medication to pharmacies. The subsequent management of medication as inventory and control over recall, storage, excess and disposal of expired medication serves the same purpose. Effective dispensing and distribution methods are therefore mandated to ensure timeously availability of correct medication. Finally, the success of effective medicine control is defined by the accuracy of the stock take ascertaining the results of managerial methods of medication. Platinum Health Pharmacies recorded an overall adherence level of 85 percent to the abovementioned criteria. This is a good indication of a strong, reliable and experienced pharmaceutical workforce that delivers an outstanding pharmaceutical service and is capable of maintaining effective medicine control. Although few shortcomings were identified, it is nevertheless recommended that Platinum Health Pharmacies plan the improvement of their risk management plans, and identify quality improvement projects in areas of medicine procurement. The implementation of key performance indicators, relevant to stock control, is also recommended. These, put into effect will assure optimisation of effective medicine control for Platinum Health Pharmacies, maintaining the benefits of cost containment and cost effective pharmaceutical service delivery. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Unternehmen verfügen typischerweise über mehrstufige Zuliefer- und Abnehmerbeziehungen, deren Konfiguration sich jedoch unterschiedlich komplex gestaltet. Ein Management von Nachhaltigkeit muss diese Unterschiede verstehen, bevor passende Konzepte und Maßnahmen empfohlen werden können. Die Arbeit zeigt welche Ansätze des Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements unter welchen strukturellen Konstellationen der Supply Chain geeignet sind.

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In the time of rapid growth, there is an increase of demand for a reliable and stable power supply. Due to this, utility companies are forced to operate their power system nearer to its maximum capabilities since system expansion may be a costly option. As a result, the power system will be at risk to voltage collapse. Voltage collapse phenomenon is known to be complex and localised in nature but with a widespread effect. The ultimate effect of voltage collapse would be total system collapse which would incur high losses to utility companies. This thesis discusses the voltage collapse phenomenon, its causes, effects and its analytical tools. Looking into its analytical tools, it is observed that it relies upon system equations and models. Published results from these techniques are accurate but may require long computation time for a big and complex system. As a possible solution, this thesis looks into combining machine learning techniques with fuzzy logic in creating a fuzzy decision tree (FDT) tool for voltage collapse analysis. The algorithm utilises static power flow solution as data sets in partitioning the power system into strong and weak areas. From several test results and algorithm development, this research concludes with a possible voltage collapse analytical tool using a hybrid FDT approach based upon multiple attribute partitioning. This thesis concludes with discussions on test results highlighting the FDT performance and ends with a discussion on possible future development on the FDT in creating a more complete tool for voltage collapse analysis.

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