Orientador: Francisco Jose´[UNESP] Teixeira Neto / Resumo: Girotto, C.H. Avaliação da máscara laríngea como alternativa a sonda endotraqueal para manutenção da anestesia inalatória sob ventilação espontânea em capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). 47 p. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, 2018. A intubação orotraqueal roedores é um procedimento de maior dificuldade que em outras espécies. Este estudo comparou o uso máscara laríngea humana (ML) com a sonda endotraqueal (Sonda-ET) para manter a patência da via aérea em capivaras anestesiadas sob ventilação espontânea. Seis capivaras (24-54 kg) foram contidas quimicamente com cetamina (7,2 ± 1,1 mg/kg), midazolam (0,16 ± 0,04 mg/kg) e acepromazina (0,03 ± 0,01 mg/kg) em duas ocasiões (intervalos ≥ 7 dias entre procedimentos). A anestesia foi mantida com isoflurano diluído em oxigênio durante 90-120 minutos sob ventilação espontânea. Durante cada anestesia, a patência da via aérea foi mantida aleatoriamente com a Sonda-ET ou ML. Tomografia computadorizada (TC) da faringe/laringe foi realizada em 3/6 animais com a ML e 2/6 animais com a Sonda-ET. A ANOVA de duas vias para medidas repetidas, teste t pareado ou de Wilcoxon foram utilizados para análise estatística (P < 0,05). A concentração de isoflurano expirado (ETiso), freqüência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial média invasiva (PAM), pH arterial, pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono arterial (PaCO2) e pressão parcial de oxigênio arterial (PaO2) não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Os ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Abstract Girotto, C.H. Evaluation of a laryngeal mask as an alternative to orotracheal intubation for maintenance of inhalant anesthesia under spontaneous ventilation in capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). 47 p. Dissertation (MSc) – School of Medicine, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, 2018. Orotracheal intubation carries greater difficulty in rodents than in most domestic species. This study compared the human laryngeal mask (LMA) with an endotracheal tube (ETtube) for maintaining airway patency in anesthetized capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). Six capybaras (24–54 kg) were remote darted with ketamine (7.2 ± 1.1 mg/kg), midazolam (0.16 ± 0.04 mg/kg) and acepromazine (0.03 ± 0.01 mg/kg) in two occasions (≥ seven-day intervals). Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen for 90–120 min under spontaneous ventilation. During each anesthetic, the airway was randomly maintained with an ETtube or LMA. Computed tomography of the pharynx/larynx was performed in 3/6 animals and 2/6 animals with the LMA and ETtube, respectively. Data was analyzed with a two-way ANOVA for repeated measures, paired t-test or Wilcoxon´s signed-rank test. End-tidal isoflurane (ETiso), heart rate (HR), invasive mean arterial pressure (MAP), arterial pH, arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), and arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) did not differ between treatments. Median (lower–upper range) of ETiso values were 0.6 (0.5–1.5)% and 0.6 (0.4-0.9)% with the ETtube and LMA, r... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The thesis analyzes the issue of securing the airways in special conditions. The author is a military anesthesiologist, so the special conditions in this work are understood as the situation on the battlefield. The introductory part of the thesis discusses the historical development of the view of airway management, describes the various methods of airway management and their position in "combat airway management". The research part of the thesis first explores supraglottic airway management techniques, which in today's concept of algorithms and recommendations is intended primarily for non-medical professionals and/or health professionals who do not have much experience with complex methods of airway management. The first part has shown that the use of supraglottic devices by inexperienced rescuers is safe and that it is possible to define and choose from a large number of aids that are the most suitable on the market. The second part of the research part was focused on tracheal intubation and portable video laryngoscopes. It has shown that these can improve intubation conditions even if performed by an inexperienced rescuer. The main research effort has been focused on the most critical part of airway management procedures, surgical airway access. A live large laboratory animal proved to be the...

Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva den prehospitala användningen av supraglottiska hjälpmedel hos barn. Metod: En litteraturstudie på magisternivå baserad på 11 orginal artiklar hämtade från CINAHL och PubMed. Resultat: Supraglottiska hjälpmedel placerades främst hos äldre barn &lt;12 år med antingen hjärtstopp, trauma, respiratorisk instabilitet eller kramper. Flertalet olika supraglottiska hjälpmedel används internationellt och studierna beskriver att hjälpmedlen är tidseffektiva att placera, medför få komplikationer samt att den neurologiska funktionen är likvärdig med de som erhåller luftvägshantering med hjälp av endotrakeal intubation eller ventilation med mask och blåsa. Slutsats: Supraglottiska hjälpmedel används internationnelt hos pediatriska patienter i den prehospitala miljön, där placeringen av hjälpmedlet avgörs av kompetens och utbildningsnivå hos den prehospitala personalen. Vidare forskning krävs för att fasställa hurvida supraglottiska hjälpmedel hos den pediatriska populationen kan etableras prehospitalt och i synnerlighet hos barn under 12 år.