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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Solvation of nanoscale interfaces

Kapcha, Lauren Helene 23 November 2010 (has links)
A dehydrogen is an ‘under-wrapped’ hydrogen bond in a protein that is purported to be a hot spot for binding due to the favorable replacement of water with hydrocarbon upon binding of another protein. A model at the level of dielectric constants is used to test the validity of the claim that moving a hydrogen bond from high dielectric (i.e. a dehydron) to low dielectric (i.e. after binding of another protein) is actually a thermodynamically favorable process. In simulation, several proteins have been shown to undergo a dewetting transition when fixed components are separated a small distance. A new atomic-level hydrophobicity scale is combined with topographical information to characterize protein interfaces. The relationship between hydrophobicity and topography for protein surfaces known to be involved in binding is examined. This framework is then applied to identify surface characteristics likely to have an affect on the occurrence of a dewetting transition. Cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles form nanospheres or nanorods when grown in solutions of varying concentrations of the surfactants hexylphosphonic acid (HPA) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). Relative binding free energies are calculated for HPA and TOPO to the solvent-accessible faces of CdSe crystals. Binding free energies calculated with a Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born model are used to identify a set of low free energy structures for which the solvation free energy is refined with the solution to the Poisson equation. These relative binding free energies provide information about the relative growth rates of these crystal faces in the presence of surfactants. Relative growth rates are then used to help understand why nanoparticles form certain shapes in the presence of specific surfactants. / text
2

Novas rotas de síntese de óxidos de titânio e mistos titânio-zircônio mesoestruturados via método sol-gel por template com surfactantes / New synthetic routes for mesostructured titanium dioxide and mixed titanium-zirconium dioxide via surfactant-templated sol-gel methods

Eiwalt Rodolfo Hanzl 16 November 2009 (has links)
Uma nova rota de síntese via metodo sol-gel para óxido de titânio (titânia) e óxido misto titânio/zircônio (zircônia) é proposta neste trabalho. As amostras foram submetidas ao tratamento hidrotérmico e obteve-se compostos mesoestruturados e de elevada área superficial. Algumas amostras foram submetidas à calcinação a 450°C para a verificação da estabilidade a altas temperaturas. As amostras foram analisadas por difratometria de raios-x (DRX), espalhamento de raios-x de baixo ângulo (SAXS), área superficial através do método BET, por microscopia eletrônica de varredura por emissão de campo (FE-SEM), além de serem testadas na fotodegradação de corantes. Foram testados diferentes alcóxidos precursores, isopropóxido de titânio e n-butóxido de titânio; ácidos, clorídrico e nítrico; e surfactantes, Pluronic® P123, Brij® 700 e Brij® 98; e também variadas as quantidades de surfactantes utilizadas, para que fosse possível analisar como estas variações afetam a síntese dos compostos e se estabelecer uma nova rota padronizada utilizando-se os melhores precursores em quantidades ideais. Para efeito de comparação, foi testada uma rota alcalina de síntese, que levou ao material com área superficial mais elevada. Como resultado deste trabalho, foi desenvolvida uma nova rota de síntese para óxidos mesoestruturados de titânio e titânio/zircônio corn elevada área superficial, na qual a etapa de calcinação para remoção do surfactante foi eliminada. Algunas dos materiais preparados mostraram excelente desempenho na degradação fotocatalítica de um corante comercial. / A new sol-gel based synthetic route for titania and mixed titania-zirconia ceramic powders is proposed in this contribution. This route combines a surfactant-template strategy with hydrothermal treatment, yielding mesostructured compoundes with a high surface area. Some samples were calcined at 450 °C in order to verify the stability of the structures at these temperatures. The materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), surface area (BET method), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and were also tested in the photocatalytic degradation of selected dyes. Different precursor alcóxidos were used: titanium isopropoxide and titanium n-butoxide. Two different acids were used to catalyze the hydrolysis reaction, HCl and HNO3. Three surfactants were used as templating agents: Pluronic P123®, Brij 700®, and Brij 98®. The amount of surfactant was also changed in order to verify how these variations affect the surface area and morphology of the resulting compounds. For comparison, an alkaline route was also tested, in which the highest surface area was observed. As a result of this work, a new synthetic route for mesostructured titania and titania-zirconia mixed oxides was developed, in which the surfactant is removed without a calcinations step, resulting in compounds with high surface areas and, in some cases, excellent photocatalytic properties for the degradation of a dye.
3

Novas rotas de síntese de óxidos de titânio e mistos titânio-zircônio mesoestruturados via método sol-gel por template com surfactantes / New synthetic routes for mesostructured titanium dioxide and mixed titanium-zirconium dioxide via surfactant-templated sol-gel methods

Hanzl, Eiwalt Rodolfo 16 November 2009 (has links)
Uma nova rota de síntese via metodo sol-gel para óxido de titânio (titânia) e óxido misto titânio/zircônio (zircônia) é proposta neste trabalho. As amostras foram submetidas ao tratamento hidrotérmico e obteve-se compostos mesoestruturados e de elevada área superficial. Algumas amostras foram submetidas à calcinação a 450°C para a verificação da estabilidade a altas temperaturas. As amostras foram analisadas por difratometria de raios-x (DRX), espalhamento de raios-x de baixo ângulo (SAXS), área superficial através do método BET, por microscopia eletrônica de varredura por emissão de campo (FE-SEM), além de serem testadas na fotodegradação de corantes. Foram testados diferentes alcóxidos precursores, isopropóxido de titânio e n-butóxido de titânio; ácidos, clorídrico e nítrico; e surfactantes, Pluronic® P123, Brij® 700 e Brij® 98; e também variadas as quantidades de surfactantes utilizadas, para que fosse possível analisar como estas variações afetam a síntese dos compostos e se estabelecer uma nova rota padronizada utilizando-se os melhores precursores em quantidades ideais. Para efeito de comparação, foi testada uma rota alcalina de síntese, que levou ao material com área superficial mais elevada. Como resultado deste trabalho, foi desenvolvida uma nova rota de síntese para óxidos mesoestruturados de titânio e titânio/zircônio corn elevada área superficial, na qual a etapa de calcinação para remoção do surfactante foi eliminada. Algunas dos materiais preparados mostraram excelente desempenho na degradação fotocatalítica de um corante comercial. / A new sol-gel based synthetic route for titania and mixed titania-zirconia ceramic powders is proposed in this contribution. This route combines a surfactant-template strategy with hydrothermal treatment, yielding mesostructured compoundes with a high surface area. Some samples were calcined at 450 °C in order to verify the stability of the structures at these temperatures. The materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), surface area (BET method), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and were also tested in the photocatalytic degradation of selected dyes. Different precursor alcóxidos were used: titanium isopropoxide and titanium n-butoxide. Two different acids were used to catalyze the hydrolysis reaction, HCl and HNO3. Three surfactants were used as templating agents: Pluronic P123®, Brij 700®, and Brij 98®. The amount of surfactant was also changed in order to verify how these variations affect the surface area and morphology of the resulting compounds. For comparison, an alkaline route was also tested, in which the highest surface area was observed. As a result of this work, a new synthetic route for mesostructured titania and titania-zirconia mixed oxides was developed, in which the surfactant is removed without a calcinations step, resulting in compounds with high surface areas and, in some cases, excellent photocatalytic properties for the degradation of a dye.

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