As cidades são as grandes modificadoras da paisagem natural, uma vez que não são organismos auto-sustentáveis e sim grandes consumidores dos insumos agrícolas, industriais e dos recursos naturais, sem, no entanto, reciclá-los ou reutilizá-los. São Paulo, com quase 11 milhões de habitantes, apresenta entre outros problemas, um grande déficit habitacional, seja pela insuficiência na quantidade de habitações para atender a demanda existente, seja pela inadequação das unidades existentes. Com a finalidade de melhorar a qualidade do ambiente construído e minimizar seu impacto negativo no ambiente natural, diversas metodologias de avaliação de sustentabilidade vêm sendo desenvolvidas por diferentes países e regiões. No contexto apresentado, este artigo teve como objetivo analisar algumas destas metodologias de avaliação de sustentabilidade do ambiente construído que foram desenvolvidas internacionalmente estudando seus indicadores, estrutura e a sua aplicabilidade na avaliação de conjuntos habitacionais no contexto da realidade brasileira. A partir da revisão bibliográfica, foram selecionados alguns métodos que foram aplicados em estudos de caso formados por dois conjuntos habitacionais de interesse social produzidos pela Companhia de Desenvolvimento Habitacional e Urbano do Estado de São Paulo - CDHU. Como resultado, foi possível verificar quais requisitos de sustentabilidade são atendidos pelos conjuntos e quais métodos e indicadores são aplicáveis ou não à realidade brasileira. / Cities are the major modifier of the natural landscape, they are large consumers of agricultural inputs, industrial and natural resources, without, however, recycle it or reuse it. To improve the quality of the built environment, developed countries have designed methodologies to assess sustainability both of building constructions and urban areas. Among other problems, São Paulo, with almost 11 million inhabitants, has a significant housing deficit, both owing to the insufficiency of housing units to meet the existing demand and the low quality of existing units. In order to improve the quality of the built environment and minimize its negative impact on the natural environment, different methodologies for assessing sustainability have been developed by different countries and regions. In the presented context, the purpose of this research was to analyze some sustainable assessment methods existing internationally, reviewing their indicators, structure and its applicability in the Brazilian reality applying them to two housing schemes. With such analysis, the author has reviewed the situation of housing schemes in regard to sustainability and, at the same time, analyzed the applicability of international methods to the Brazilian reality, identifying the main difficulties of the assessments and also identifying which methods and indicators are able to be applied or not in Brazilian reality.

Given growing concerns regarding the chocolate sector's long-term future, ever more private-sector, public-sector and civil-society stakeholders have become involved in initiatives aiming to make cocoa production more 'sustainable'. However, despite the omnipresent term, stakeholders' understandings of associated environmental, commercial and socio-economic priorities diverge: while transforming cocoa into a more attractive livelihood for farmers is paramount for some, others prioritise links to global environmental challenges. A third dimension encompasses commercial concerns related to securing supply, an increasing qualm given projected cocoa shortages and ever-rising concentration in the marketplace. This research argues there are considerable tensions between different stakeholders' commercial, socio-economic and environmental priorities in cocoa sustainability initiatives especially in light of the sector's intensifying challenges. Further tensions emerge between underlying drivers and representations, as public-facing communication continues to emphasise altruism rather than commercial necessity, locating engagements in 'nice-to-have' rather than 'business imperative' territory. Based on documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation, this thesis aims to capture how cocoa-sector changes have driven shifts in stakeholder priorities and representations, incorporating voices from across the initiatives ranging from cocoa producers to chocolate consumers. Utilising a modified global production networks lens to represent the full spectrum of stakeholders involved, the research maps three cocoa sustainability initiatives incorporating conservation or carbon measures in terms of power and embeddedness, stakeholder drivers and representations. While identifying tensions, it also argues that acknowledging divergent understandings of the polysemic 'sustainability' concept constitutes an opportunity for a much-needed redressing of power and embeddedness asymmetries to address systemic issues threatening the sector's future. However, the thesis also observes that despite protestations of partnership, few actors are willing to contemplate the systemic changes in favour of more equitable treatment and power distribution which would be required to safeguard the sector's long-term viability. This thesis's contributions include its unprecedented critical exploration of the diverging socio-economic, commercial and environmental drivers which diverse stakeholders associate with cocoa sustainability, the meanings they create towards the public, and the link to underlying power and embeddedness structures. These analytical foci have proved instrumental in unpacking emerging tensions, which are likely to grow more marked as cocoa shortages become more acute and understandings of sustainability continue to diverge.

As cidades são as grandes modificadoras da paisagem natural, uma vez que não são organismos auto-sustentáveis e sim grandes consumidores dos insumos agrícolas, industriais e dos recursos naturais, sem, no entanto, reciclá-los ou reutilizá-los. São Paulo, com quase 11 milhões de habitantes, apresenta entre outros problemas, um grande déficit habitacional, seja pela insuficiência na quantidade de habitações para atender a demanda existente, seja pela inadequação das unidades existentes. Com a finalidade de melhorar a qualidade do ambiente construído e minimizar seu impacto negativo no ambiente natural, diversas metodologias de avaliação de sustentabilidade vêm sendo desenvolvidas por diferentes países e regiões. No contexto apresentado, este artigo teve como objetivo analisar algumas destas metodologias de avaliação de sustentabilidade do ambiente construído que foram desenvolvidas internacionalmente estudando seus indicadores, estrutura e a sua aplicabilidade na avaliação de conjuntos habitacionais no contexto da realidade brasileira. A partir da revisão bibliográfica, foram selecionados alguns métodos que foram aplicados em estudos de caso formados por dois conjuntos habitacionais de interesse social produzidos pela Companhia de Desenvolvimento Habitacional e Urbano do Estado de São Paulo - CDHU. Como resultado, foi possível verificar quais requisitos de sustentabilidade são atendidos pelos conjuntos e quais métodos e indicadores são aplicáveis ou não à realidade brasileira. / Cities are the major modifier of the natural landscape, they are large consumers of agricultural inputs, industrial and natural resources, without, however, recycle it or reuse it. To improve the quality of the built environment, developed countries have designed methodologies to assess sustainability both of building constructions and urban areas. Among other problems, São Paulo, with almost 11 million inhabitants, has a significant housing deficit, both owing to the insufficiency of housing units to meet the existing demand and the low quality of existing units. In order to improve the quality of the built environment and minimize its negative impact on the natural environment, different methodologies for assessing sustainability have been developed by different countries and regions. In the presented context, the purpose of this research was to analyze some sustainable assessment methods existing internationally, reviewing their indicators, structure and its applicability in the Brazilian reality applying them to two housing schemes. With such analysis, the author has reviewed the situation of housing schemes in regard to sustainability and, at the same time, analyzed the applicability of international methods to the Brazilian reality, identifying the main difficulties of the assessments and also identifying which methods and indicators are able to be applied or not in Brazilian reality.

This diploma thesis deals with reporting of sustainability development and its mode of administration of regular reports. The purpose of the first section is to explain, define and describe theoretical and methodological approaches of corporate social responsibility of companies, how they were developed and what are their elementary principles and characteristics. The second section focuses on the analysis of implementation of corporate social responsibility in a concrete company in three areas – economical, social and environmental. The aim of the thesis is to create report about corporate social responsibility and sustainability development, based on acquired information and evaluated analyses.

Thesis (M.Dev. (Planning and Management)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / The foundation of ecotourism is associated with poverty alleviation all over the world. That is, ecotourism is believed to be significant in income generation, improvement of people’s standards of living, sustainability of the environment, political enablement of local societies and in educational purposes. However, it has been noted that regardless of the significance of ecotourism, poverty remains a major problem across the world. In some developing countries like South Africa and Botswana, among others, ecotourism could account for about 25% of their Gross Domestic Product. The Mpumalanga Province of South Africa relies on ecotourism as a source of income, employment creation and for boosting local economy. In light of this, the purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of ecotourism on poverty alleviation in Nyongane Village. The study reviewed both theoretical and empirical literature on the subject. It also adopted both qualitative and quantitative approaches in undertaking the study wherein an interview schedule and questionnaires were used for data collection. The findings of the study revealed that the Phabeni Gate Nature Reserve turned a blind eye on community participation by using the industry-oriented approach in ecotourism. They also revealed that the community members of Nyongane Village do not have access to resources in the reserve. Majority of the residents from the village argued that there is no communication from the aforementioned Nature Reserve while others argued that they are hardly communicated with. Therefore, the study recommended that there is a need for the Nature Reserve to provide employment opportunities for most people who are from Nyongane Village. It also recommended the need for the reserve to consider community participation by allowing the community members to provide inputs during decision making processes at least once in 6 months at the reserve. This could be done by hosting meetings attended by the representatives of the reserve and the community members. Lastly, the study concluded that although ecotourism adversely affects poverty alleviation in Nyongane Village, these negative effects, however, could possibly be addressed by implementing the recommendations of this study.

Studien går ut på att undersöka hur spelifierade applikationer, det vill säga applikationer som använder sig av spelelement i icke-spelsammanhang, motiverar användare till att leva mer hållbart för miljön. I vår studie har vi studerat applikationen Joulebug genom att låta två olika urvalsgrupper diskutera deras erfarenheter i fokusgruppsintervjuer efter att ha använt applikationen under en veckas tid. Vi har även genomfört en enkätundersökning för att få en bredare bakgrundsinformation om människors miljövanor, och om deras tidigare erfarenheter på spelifierade applikationer. Utifrån resultatet av fokusgruppsintervjuerna är de sociala elementen som till exempel tävlingar mellan användare, på vilket sätt applikationer presenterar information, samt känslan av ägandeskap viktiga punkter för respondenter. I enkätundersökningen kunde vi urskilja en viss kritisk inställning till huruvida respondenterna lever miljövänligt idag i relation till hur de önskar leva mer miljövänligt. Denna synpunkt är något spelutvecklare av gröna spelifierade applikationen kan dra nytta av. / The study aims to investigate how gamified applications, in other words applications that use game elements in non-game contexts, motivate users to live more sustainably for the environment. In our study, we have studied the Joulebug application by having two different sample groups discuss their experiences in focus group interviews after using the application for a week. We have also carried out a survey to get broader background information about people's environmental habits, and about their prior experience with applications that use gamification. Based on the results of the focus group interviews, the social elements such as competitions between users, the way in which applications present information, and the sense of ownership are important points for the respondents. In the survey, we could distinguish a certain critical attitude to whether the respondents live environmentally friendly today in relation to how they wish to live more environmentally friendly. This point of view is something game developers of green gamified applications can benefit from.

Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2016-07-01T19:06:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Araújo, Rita de Cássia Machado.pdf: 3335419 bytes, checksum: 9e4bb93cb593c25b64b837177a0e926d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2016-07-05T20:17:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Araújo, Rita de Cássia Machado.pdf: 3335419 bytes, checksum: 9e4bb93cb593c25b64b837177a0e926d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T20:17:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araújo, Rita de Cássia Machado.pdf: 3335419 bytes, checksum: 9e4bb93cb593c25b64b837177a0e926d (MD5) / A sustentabilidade é muito mais do que uma agenda ambiental. Ser sustentável não é apenas ser “verde” ou pensar na preservação do meio ambiente. É um conjunto de práticas e ações que se mostrem perene e sejam replicáveis na estratégia da organização. O presente trabalho objetiva verificar as práticas que podem potencializar a inserção da sustentabilidade ambiental na gestão interna do Sebrae-BA. A necessidade de identificar práticas ambientais desenvolvidas pelo Sebrae deu início à fase exploratória da pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, com estudo de caso e um aporte teórico descritivo que, somados aos resultados das visitas ao campo, estudos sobre sustentabilidade no âmbito das organizações, contribuíram para responder à principal questão de partida: Quais são as práticas que podem potencializar a inserção da sustentabilidade ambiental na gestão interna do Sebrae, em Salvador? Para responder a essa pergunta, utilizou-se a seguinte combinação de técnicas: pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa de campo, averiguação de trabalhos já realizados, conhecimentos prévios e casos de experiências bem-sucedidas efetivadas no Centro Sebrae de Sustentabilidade, Sebrae-MT e Sebrae-ES. A aplicação de um instrumento de coleta de dados (questionário estruturado e semiestruturado) direcionado aos colaboradores da unidade Sebrae em questão possibilitou traçar recomendações propositivas. Nesta perspectiva, o caminho metodológico escolhido levou ao desenvolvimento de uma proposta de ação para integrar novas práticas sustentáveis, considerando a responsabilidade ambiental na gestão estratégica interna. Dentre os resultados obtidos com a pesquisa, percebe-se que existem várias maneiras do Sebrae-BA mostrar-se atuante quanto à conservação do meio ambiente e solidária quanto à garantia de vida futura saudável no planeta. Para tanto, é imprescindível o compromisso dos dirigentes, que devem incluir na estratégia da organização a implementação da gestão sustentável e inclusiva com vistas à melhoria contínua do desempenho ambiental, assim como promover ações de conscientização junto aos colaboradores, deste modo, contribuindo com o uso racional e equilibrado dos recursos naturais no desenvolvimento de qualquer atividade, adotando medidas de menor impacto ambiental. Sustainability is much more than an environmental agenda. Be sustainable is not just being "green" or thinking about preserving the environment. Is a set of practices and actions that are perennial and are replicable in the strategy of the organization. The present work aims to check the practices that can foster the integration of environmental sustainability in the internal management of Sebrae-BA. The need to identify environmental practices developed by Sebrae initiated the exploratory phase of the research, qualitative character, with case study and a theoretical contribution, added to the descriptive results of field visits, studies on sustainability within the organizations, contributed to answer the main question: what are the practices that can foster the integration of environmental sustainability in the internal management of Sebrae in Salvador? To answer that question, we used the following combination of techniques: bibliographical research, field research, investigation of work already carried out, previous knowledge and successful experiences take effect in the center of sustainability Sebrae, Sebrae-MT and Sebrae-ES. The implementation of a data collection instrument (questionnaire structured and semi-structured) directed to employees of the unit concerned, enabled trace Sebrae recommendations propositivas. In this respect, the methodology chosen path has led to the development of a proposal for action to integrate new sustainable practices, considering the environmental responsibility in strategic management. Among the results obtained with the search, there are several ways of Sebrae-BA show active regarding environmental conservation and caring about the future healthy life assurance on the planet. To this end, it is essential the commitment of leaders, who must include in the strategy of the Organization the implementation of sustainable and inclusive management with a view to continual improvement of environmental performance, as well as promote awareness campaigns among the employees, thus contributing to the rational and balanced use of natural resources in the development of any activity, adopting measures to lower environmental impact.

This thesis develops and validates a comprehensive methodology for measuring sustainability of a large river basin by using a tailored indicator set. The concept of river sustainability concerns not only the ecological condition of the river course, but also socioeconomic activities in the river basin. River sustainability is defined from five perspectives: sufficient resource, resilience to water-related risks, access to water supply and other services, productive use of water, and fairness between different users and generations. The Process Analysis Method (PAM) is employed as the guideline for developing sustainability assessment framework. As a participatory approach, PAM engages stakeholders to identify emerging issues and impacts on sustainability. Through a systematic process, a tailored indicator set is selected and categorized under three domains, namely, environmental performance, social wellbeing, and economic development. Two case studies have been undertaken, examining the underlying sustainability of the Lower Yellow River basin (LYR) and Upper Ganges River basin (UGR). Extensive fieldwork was carried out in China and India, in order to conduct stakeholder interviews and to collect multivariate data. 18 indicators are selected for LYR and 12 for UGR. The LYR assessment is conducted over the period from 1950 to 2010, whilst UGR features a 10-year period from 2001 to 2010. By processing raw hydrological data and socio-economic statistics, a normalized score is calculated for each indicator in a given year, the value ranging between 0 and 1, where 0 represents poor performance and 1 refers to a fully sustainable status. The results show that, although social wellbeing and economic status for LYR have progressively improved since 1950, environmental quality declined in the latter half of 20th century, with the lowest point in 1997 when extreme drought occurred. The Yellow River Conservancy Commission (YRCC), the government authority responsible for the LYR, implemented measures to improve the river health by multifunctional infrastructure projects and water allocation regulation. This effort proved to be effective as the general sustainability performance subsequently improved. The UGR study also identifies the trade-off between environmental capital and socioeconomic capital. With vast expansion of hydropower projects and new settlement in flood-prone areas, communities along the UGR are increasingly vulnerable to extreme events. However, the Ganges river basin authority lacks the capacity for integrated planning which would enable projects like flood defence schemes to be undertaken in a proper framework. It is likely that the environmental performance of the UGR will continue to decline, particularly with increasing uncertainty in climate, as the UGR basin management is not improving resilience sufficiently. By performing this comparative analysis, it has been shown that integrated river basin management should incorporate institutional capacity, stakeholder engagement, resilience and transparency. This research also contributes to underpinning policies for Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM). The assessment provides policy-makers and river managers with a holistic view of the river basin; the framework can be used to track progress towards sustainable development and identify priorities for multi-criteria decision-making.

Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná / Devido a preocupações com o meio ambiente e aos avanços tecnológicos na área química e florestal, alternativas tecnológicas são buscadas para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Os painéis de madeira colados lateralmente, EGP, possibilitam a otimização do uso de recursos florestais e são compostos por sarrafos de madeira unidos através de ligação adesiva nas laterais e de topos, sendo avaliados segundo a norma EN-13353. Esses painéis podem ser fabricados com adesivo poliacetato de vinila, PVAc e emulsão polimérica de isocianato, EPI, que são provenientes do petróleo. O adesivo de poliuretano derivado do óleo da mamona é uma alternativa para substituir estes adesivos, pois é um material que não possui solvente, é biodegradável e procedente de matéria-prima renovável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o adesivo poliuretano que procede do óleo de mamona para a produção de painéis colados lateralmente. Foram utilizadas as espécies de Pinus taeda e Tectona grandis para a colagem com o adesivo de poliuretano e comparados com os adesivos PVAc e EPI, com prensagens em diferentes tempos, proporções de poliol e pré- polímero e diferentes gramaturas submetidas a condicionamentos de acordo com a norma EN-13353 para a avaliação da qualidade de colagem de painéis de madeira sólida. Todos os corpos de prova foram avaliados pelo ensaio de cisalhamento na linha de cola. Observou-se que o tempo mais indicado para a produção de EGP com o adesivo PU para a espécie Pinus taeda foi de 4 horas, com proporção de 1:0,7 e gramatura de 180 g/m² e para espécie Tectona grandis foi de 4 horas, com proporção de 1:0,7 e gramatura de 120 g/m², sendo que todos os valores atenderam à norma para painéis colados lateralmente EN-13353 e foram superiores aos valores obtidos com adesivos PVAc e EPI. / Due to concerns about the environment and technological advances in the chemical and forestry area, technological alternatives are sought for the development of new products. The Edge Glued Panels, EGP, enable the optimization of the use of forest resources and are composed of wood joints joined by adhesive bonding on the sides and tops and evaluated according to EN-13353.These panels can be manufactured with vinyl polyacetate adhesive, PVAc and emulsion polymer isocyanate, epoxy, which are derived from petroleum. The polyurethane adhesive derived from castor oil is an alternative to replace these adhesives, since it is a material that has no solvent, is biodegradable and derived from renewable raw material. The objective of this work was to evaluate the polyurethane adhesive derived from castor oil for the production of Edge Glued Panels. The Pinus taeda and Tectona grandis species were used for bonding with the polyurethane adhesive and compared with the PVAc and EPI adhesives, with pressings at different times, proportions of polyol and prepolymer and different weights subjected to conditioning according to standard EN-13353 for the evaluation of the bonding quality of solid wood panels. All the specimens were evaluated by the shear test on the glue line. It was observed that the time most suitable to produce EGP with the PU adhesive for Pinus taeda was 4 hours, with a ratio of 1: 0.7 and weight of 180 g / m² and for Tectona grandis species it was 4 hours, with a ratio of 1: 0.7 and 120 g / m², where all values met the standard for laterally bonded panels EN-13353, and were higher than the values obtained with PVAc and EPI adhesives.