Visur egzistuoja tikslingumas, architektūroje gi jis pasireiškia funkcionalumu, todėl šiame baigiamajame magistro darbe pasirinkta dominante architektūros funkcija dėl funkcijos svarbos bet kokioje žmogiškoje veikloje. Temos aktualumas sąlygotas nagrinėjamų faktorių svarbos architektūros raidoje, ir sąlygojančių bei iš čia išsiliejančių į optimalius, racionalius ir ekonomiškus sprendimus, kurie niekad negali būti per geri, po eko-architektūros ieškant naujų architektūros formų. Tema bus aktuali iki žmogaus egzistavimo pabaigos arba kol žmonės ras alternatyvą architektūrai kokia nors analogija vaikiškam konstruktoriui , kur kiekvienas bus savo egzistavimo erdvės (-ių) kūrėjas, kai erdvę bus galima naujai performuoti tuoj pat po to, kai bus pamatyta, kad ta erdvė (jau) nefunkcionali. Darbe vertinama, polemizuojama, interpretuojama ir analizuojama visa su tema susijusi informacija. Pagrindinis tyrimo metodas, padėsiantis atskleisti tėzes- pasaulinės architektūros teorijos ir praktikos raidos analizė, visos prieinamos medžiagos pagrindu: knygos, internetas, asmeninė patirtis. Apžvelgus visus nagrinėjamus aspektus, darančius įtaką architektūros funkcijai ir jos ryšiams su planiniais ir konstrukciniais sprendiniais, pateikiamos galutinės išvados. Darbą sudaro 8 dalys: įvadas; Nuo motyvacijos iki funkcijos; Architektūra; Architektūrinė inžinerija; Architektūros funkcija; Architektūros funkcijos, planinių ir konstruktyvinių sprendinių raida; Modernizmas; Vėlyviausios tendencijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / We can see purposeness around, which appeares as functionality in architecture. Architectural function is dominant issue in this master‘s thesis, because of the importance of function in any area of human activity. Importance of subject is due to importance of researched aspects in the history of architecture, and here from guaranteeing optimal, rational and economic solutions, which never can be too good, on the way to sustainable architecture and onward to perfection. Issue will be important till the end of time, or till human beings will find some architectural alternative alike to child‘s toy building site, where space can be remade as soon, as it is seen unfunctional. I evaluate, argue, interpret and analyze all the information, that is in the area of research. Main research method helping to establish values- an analysis of all texts in the books, Internet and the personal experience. After the analysis of all the aspects making influence on the architectural function and it‘s planar and structures solutions, conclusions and suggestions are reported. Structure: Introduction; From motivation to function; Architecture; Architectural engineering; Architectural function; Genesis of architectural function and its connection with planar and structuresl solutions; Modernism; The lattest tendencies; Conclusions and suggestions, References.

Biophilia is the love of nature and all living things and is the theory that forms the basis of ‘biophilic’ design. Biophilic design recognizes the positive experience of natural systems and processes in our buildings as critical to human health, performance, and well-being. Healthy living is a primary need for society and designing with nature could provide for these needs in architectural environments. Employing such techniques of design could improve the experiential quality of architectural space. The quality of healthcare environments and similar public places could become more accommodating for local communities. There would be a need for adapting these ideas to fit local conditions but through research initiatives, designers can understand what would be most suitable considering the circumstances of a region. If there is a marked effect of natural environments on the wellbeing of citizens, then biophilia can initiate a better approach in local architectural design for society. / Thesis (M.Arch.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

In South Africa today, railways, along with other forms of public transport have lost or in fact never had the same sense of sanguine appreciation that European stations embodied. Instead South African public transport systems, especially its railway networks, are perceived negatively by a large portion of the population and the vast majority of visitors to the country (Donaldson and Ferreira, 2008). The problem with the perceptions and judgments made by people with regards to architecture is that they often stand in contrast to each other. These disagreements are not only limited to laymen, as disagreements among critics often go beyond the mere subjectivity of taste or opinion, even extending to matters of fact (Bonta, 1979: 11). By extrapolating the process by which humans interpret the world around them, Hermeneutics attempts to define the determining factors behind subjective thought when making an accurate interpretation of text. In recent years these same techniques have been applied to the built environment in what can best be described as an investigation into the meaning of architecture, this investigation became known as ‘architectural hermeneutics’ (Bonta, 1979 and Snodgrass & Coyne, 2006). While hermeneutics does provide a method to deal with the problems associated with subjectivity, the tools needed to assess the validity of the resultant interpretations of architecture have not developed. In order to confirm the adequacy of any resultant interpretations the researcher must define and abstract the parts, which contribute to these interpretations, according to quantifiable guidelines that can then be measured and compared. The Guidelines utilised in this study are defined through the work of Norberg-Schultz, Thiis-Evensen, Alexander and Handa. Through the ensuing case studies this paper demonstrated that by designing architecture in accordance with its relationship to the surrounding environment and context, the designer becomes capable of generating a supportive architecture that can reaffirm its associated functions under a positive light. By creating a continuous structure between the new architecture and its context – that is in accordance with the ‘parts’ which make up the meaningful ‘whole’ – an architect of any background can create meaningful architecture in any context. / Thesis (M.Arch.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

The research conducted seeks to understand man’s relationship with the natural world, and the translation of that relationship into the built environment. Current and contemporary built form often lacks an integrated approach to the natural environment. Seeing as modern man’s lifestyles is increasingly focused on indoor activities and governed by the technological rather than the physical world, the disconnection between man and the natural world grows ever more, with great physical, social and mental repercussions. The research therefore aims at establishing how the built form may facilitate connections to the natural world. / Thesis (M.Arch.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

Dealing with the issue of buildings showing characteristics of sick building syndrome, could result in occupants suffering negative side effects. Healthy living is a primary need for society. Everyday pollution in society has led to these negative outcomes of physical and psychological well-being of space users. When investigating factors such as natural light, colour, fresh air, visual contact with water and nature or noise pollution, it is found that exposure to such natural elements positively influences human behaviour, health and productivity in a live, work and play environment. This dissertation is aimed at developing an understanding conducted under the hypothesis of how architectural environments, through the theory of environmental psychology: a study of the relationship between natural environments, affect human behaviour and well-being. A healthy environment requires regular contact with nature promoting physical and psychological benefits, crucial to an individual’s health and happiness. By reducing sick building syndrome, it could increase performance and improve overall health and well-being. Occupants of the chosen case studies completed questionnaires through distribution and structured interviews personally conducted, focusing on a qualitative method. Assessing and evaluating the aims, objectives and key questions and understanding of how Biophilic Architecture influences human behaviour and well-being was obtained. Case (Alexander Forbes and Nedbank Ridgeview) and precedents studies (Prisma Nürnberg and Khoo Teck Paut Hospital) were investigated through Edward, O. Wilsons’ Biophilia hypothesis theory of mans affiliation with nature and incorporating it into building forms, showing how architectural design can evoke human behaviour through natural design elements. Architectural design is about humanity’s ‘sense of place’ (concept of Genius Loci) in nature and where the natural environment fits into the physical environment. Biophilic designs’ sensory rich world affects human health, productivity, emotional, intellectual and spiritual well-being, as well as reducing stress levels and eases pain. Biophilic Architecture could be the solution through a link of natural and physical environments, positively influencing human behaviour and well-being. Futuristic sustainability should have the combination of biophilic design and low environmental impact, resulting in a restorative nature based design: a true result of a positive psychological environment, a ‘sense of place,’ people want to experience, that is healthy, nurturing, and delightful to its occupants, improving the experiential quality of architectural space. / Thesis (M.Arch.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.

Atelierworkshop is an innovative Wellington based architectural practice that has advanced into the area of off- site manufacture of container-based housing solutions. Their product, the Port-a-Bach (PAB) is moving into its second generation (PAB Gen-2). This product development initiative has resulted in a range of projects that have been undertaken to improve off-the-grid energy systems, water supply and storage, packaging, transportation and cost reduction. This particular project documents the design and development of an energy management and supply accessory product, called the Bach Pack. The Bach Pack seeks to create a viable product energy system solution, at reduced cost and environmental impact (compared with existing solutions) and to achieve this through the development of the usability aspects and features of the product system. The focus is on developing a quality experience for the end user with regards to the attachment and deployment of the components that make up the Bach Pack product. This accessory and modular product solution enables the PAB Gen-2 to be self-sufficient with regard to electrical energy and water supply, and can be specified at point of sale or added later if required. This document focuses explicitly on the design and development of the solar array segment of the Bach Pack.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaudiaFQS_DISSERT.pdf: 5522144 bytes, checksum: 88b727146403412c6859272d8c5279b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Sustainability in buildings, while reducing the impact on the environment, contributes to the promotion of social welfare, to increase the health and productivity of occupants. The search for a way of build that meets the aspirations and development of humanity without, however, represent degradation of the environment, has become the great challenge of contemporary architecture. It is considered that the incorporation of principles that provide a sustainable building with careful choices of design solutions contribute to a better economic and thermal performance of the building, as well as functional and psychological comfort to its users. Based on this general understanding, this paper presents an architecture project aimed to health care whose the solutions adopted follow carefully the relevant legislation and sets his sights on the theme of sustainability. The methodology began with studies on the themes of verification service of deaths, sustainability and those application in construction developed through research in academic studies and analysis of architectural projects, using them like reference for the solutions adopted. Within the project analysis was performed a visit to the verification service of deaths in the city of Palmas in Tocantins, subsidizing information that, plus the relevant legislation, led to functional programming and pre-dimensional of the building to be designed. The result of this programming environments were individual records with information from environmental restrictions, space required for the development of activities, desirable flow and sustainability strategies, that can be considered as the first product of relevance of the professional master's degree. Finally we have outlined the basic design architecture of a Verification Service of Death SVO/RN (in portuguese), whose process of projecting defined as a guiding line of work four points: the use of bioclimatic architecture as the main feature projectual, the use of resources would provide minimal harm to the environment, the use of modulation and structure to the building as a form of rationalization and finally the search for solutions that ensure environmental and psychological comfort to users. Importantly to highlight that, besides owning a rare theme in literature that refers to architectural projects, the whole project was drawn up with foundations in projective criteria that contribute to environmental sustainability, with emphasis on thermal performance, energy efficiency and reuse of rainwater / A sustentabilidade nas edifica??es, al?m da redu??o do impacto ao meio ambiente, contribui para a promo??o do bem estar social. A busca de uma forma de constru??o que atenda aos anseios e desenvolvimento da humanidade sem, contudo, representar degrada??o do meio ambiente, tem se tornado o grande desafio da arquitetura contempor?nea. Considera-se que a constru??o sustent?vel com escolhas criteriosas de solu??es projetais, contribuem para um melhor desempenho econ?mico e t?rmico da edifica??o, proporcionando conforto aos seus usu?rios. Partindo desse entendimento geral, o presente trabalho apresenta um projeto de arquitetura voltado ? ?rea da sa?de cujas solu??es adotadas al?m de seguir criteriosamente as legisla??es pertinentes lan?a seu olhar sob o tema sustentabilidade. A metodologia utilizada iniciou com estudos a respeito dos temas servi?o de verifica??o de ?bitos, sustentabilidade e sua aplica??o na constru??o civil desenvolvida atrav?s de pesquisas em trabalhos acad?micos e an?lise de projetos arquitet?nicos, estes funcionando como refer?ncia para as solu??es adotadas. Dentro da an?lise de projetos foi realizada, ainda, visita ao servi?o de verifica??o de ?bitos localizado no munic?pio de Palmas no Tocantins subsidiando informa??es que, acrescidas ?s legisla??es pertinentes, originaram a programa??o funcional e pr?-dimensional da edifica??o a ser projetada. O resultado desta programa??o foram fichas individuais dos ambientes com informa??es de condicionantes ambientais, espa?os necess?rios ao desenvolvimento das atividades, fluxo desej?vel, e estrat?gias de sustentabilidade, podendo-se considerar como o primeiro produto de relev?ncia do mestrado profissional. Por fim foi delineado o projeto b?sico de arquitetura de um servi?o de verifica??o de ?bitos SVO/RN, cujo processo de projeta??o definiu como linha norteadora do trabalho quatro pontos: o uso da arquitetura bioclim?tica como o principal recurso projetual, a utiliza??o de recursos que proporcionassem m?nima agress?o ao meio ambiente, a utiliza??o de modula??o e estrutura para a edifica??o como forma de racionaliza??o e por ?ltimo a procura por solu??es que viabilizassem o conforto ambiental e psicol?gico aos usu?rios. ? importante ressaltar que al?m do tema escolhido possuir rara bibliografia no que se refere a projetos arquitet?nicos, todo o projeto foi elaborado tendo como fundamentos crit?rios projetuais que contribuam para a sustentabilidade ambiental, com ?nfase no desempenho t?rmico, efici?ncia energ?tica e reutiliza??o de ?gua de chuva

O envelhecimento populacional é um processo natural que está ocorrendo em todo o mundo. O Brasil terá apenas 25 anos, enquanto os países europeus levaram um século para o envelhecimento da população. Com o aumento da população idosa, a sociedade terá importantes consequências culturais, sociais e econômicas, advindas de muitos problemas, que estão relacionados às famílias com condições econômicas precárias e número cada vez menor de filhos, habitações sem planejamento para a terceira idade, asilos sem infraestrutura para atendimento, cuidadores de idosos sem formação, descaso, abandono e pobreza. Com todos os problemas relacionados à terceira idade, este trabalho busca determinar as diretrizes sustentáveis e saudáveis para a melhoria da arquitetura para os idosos. Mediante entrevistas estruturadas e visitas nas Instituições de Longa Permanência dos Idosos (ILPIs) existentes na cidade de Curitiba, possibilitou-se a identificação das reais condições em relação à qualidade de vida dos idosos. Durante a pesquisa observou-se: carência em infraestrutura da edificação; inexistência de equipamentos para o aproveitamento das águas das chuvas e/ou aquecimento da mesma para usar principalmente no chuveiro; falta de local ao ar livre com direito ao sol fora do recuo frontal e sem exposição à rua; serviços e atividades ofertadas, como médicos geriátricos, odontólogos e falta de atividades voltadas às doenças que mais se apresentam nas instituições, como o Alzheimer, a Hipertensão e Diabetes. Isso indica a necessidade de um espaço projetado para a terceira idade utilizando diretrizes sustentáveis e saudáveis, como por exemplo a escolha de materiais não tóxicos e próximos ao local da construção devem ser escolhidos durante a fase de projeto, que possam melhorar a qualidade de vida dos idosos residentes nas casas de repouso. / Population aging is a natural process that is taking place worldwide. The Brazil will take only 25 years, while European countries had a century to the population aging. With population aging, the society had important cultural, social and economic consequences, resulting from many problems, which are related to families with poor economic conditions and increasingly fewer children, houses without planning for the elderly, nursing homes without infrastructure to service, untrained elderly caregivers, neglect, abandonment and poverty. With all the problems related to old age, this study seeks to determine the sustainable and healthy guidelines for improving the architecture for the elderly. By structured interviews and visits in the institutions of the Long Term Elderly (ILPIs) in the city of Curitiba, enabled the identification of the actual conditions regarding the quality of life for seniors. During the research it was observed: lack of infrastructure building; lack of equipment for the use of rainwater and / or heating the same for use mainly in the shower; lack of outdoor venue with the sun right out the front setback and without exposure to the street; offered services and activities such as geriatric doctors, dentists and lack of activities related to diseases that present themselves in institutions, such as Alzheimer's, hypertension and diabetes. This indicates the need for a space designed for seniors using sustainable and healthy, such as the choice of non-toxic materials and nearby the construction site must be chosen during the design phase, guidelines that can improve the quality of life of elderly people living in nursing homes.

O envelhecimento populacional é um processo natural que está ocorrendo em todo o mundo. O Brasil terá apenas 25 anos, enquanto os países europeus levaram um século para o envelhecimento da população. Com o aumento da população idosa, a sociedade terá importantes consequências culturais, sociais e econômicas, advindas de muitos problemas, que estão relacionados às famílias com condições econômicas precárias e número cada vez menor de filhos, habitações sem planejamento para a terceira idade, asilos sem infraestrutura para atendimento, cuidadores de idosos sem formação, descaso, abandono e pobreza. Com todos os problemas relacionados à terceira idade, este trabalho busca determinar as diretrizes sustentáveis e saudáveis para a melhoria da arquitetura para os idosos. Mediante entrevistas estruturadas e visitas nas Instituições de Longa Permanência dos Idosos (ILPIs) existentes na cidade de Curitiba, possibilitou-se a identificação das reais condições em relação à qualidade de vida dos idosos. Durante a pesquisa observou-se: carência em infraestrutura da edificação; inexistência de equipamentos para o aproveitamento das águas das chuvas e/ou aquecimento da mesma para usar principalmente no chuveiro; falta de local ao ar livre com direito ao sol fora do recuo frontal e sem exposição à rua; serviços e atividades ofertadas, como médicos geriátricos, odontólogos e falta de atividades voltadas às doenças que mais se apresentam nas instituições, como o Alzheimer, a Hipertensão e Diabetes. Isso indica a necessidade de um espaço projetado para a terceira idade utilizando diretrizes sustentáveis e saudáveis, como por exemplo a escolha de materiais não tóxicos e próximos ao local da construção devem ser escolhidos durante a fase de projeto, que possam melhorar a qualidade de vida dos idosos residentes nas casas de repouso. / Population aging is a natural process that is taking place worldwide. The Brazil will take only 25 years, while European countries had a century to the population aging. With population aging, the society had important cultural, social and economic consequences, resulting from many problems, which are related to families with poor economic conditions and increasingly fewer children, houses without planning for the elderly, nursing homes without infrastructure to service, untrained elderly caregivers, neglect, abandonment and poverty. With all the problems related to old age, this study seeks to determine the sustainable and healthy guidelines for improving the architecture for the elderly. By structured interviews and visits in the institutions of the Long Term Elderly (ILPIs) in the city of Curitiba, enabled the identification of the actual conditions regarding the quality of life for seniors. During the research it was observed: lack of infrastructure building; lack of equipment for the use of rainwater and / or heating the same for use mainly in the shower; lack of outdoor venue with the sun right out the front setback and without exposure to the street; offered services and activities such as geriatric doctors, dentists and lack of activities related to diseases that present themselves in institutions, such as Alzheimer's, hypertension and diabetes. This indicates the need for a space designed for seniors using sustainable and healthy, such as the choice of non-toxic materials and nearby the construction site must be chosen during the design phase, guidelines that can improve the quality of life of elderly people living in nursing homes.

\"Tetos verdes\", ou a colocação de vegetação sobre coberturas de edifícios, têm se mostrado importantes ferramentas na mitigação de diversos problemas ambientais urbanos. Porém, seus benefícios coletivos apenas se tornam significativos após sua instalação em massa, sendo uma estratégia ambiental altamente dependente do agente privado -- os proprietários. Neste trabalho, buscou-se uma abordagem interdisciplinar com a Economia Ambiental e Comportamental, de modo a revelar os mecanismos de tomada de decisão dos indivíduos, tanto motivações econômicas (como sanções e subsídios), quanto motivações ditas \"irracionais\", como a imitação de comportamento. Depois, reconhecendo os tetos verdes como soluções polivalentes, faz-se uma abordagem múltipla para seu encaixe em políticas públicas existentes: clima urbano, economia de energia, poluição atmosférica, gerenciamento de águas pluviais e biodiversidade, cada uma envolvendo uma breve descrição da teoria e de políticas públicas existentes, desde o contexto mundial até o município de São Paulo. Como estudo de caso, aplica-se o índice ambiental alemão BFF (Biotopflächenfaktor, fator de superfícies ecológicas) a algumas tipologias marcantes de São Paulo, e conclui-se que o índice pode ser importante ferramenta na fomentação não só de tetos verdes, como de outras soluções ambientais de natureza pulverizada, devido à sua flexibilidade e facilidade de aplicação, podendo ser ajustada à realidade do município para melhores resultados. / The placement of vegetation on top of buildings, or \"green roofs\", has been shown to be an important mitigation tool for several environmental problems in cities. However, their collective benefits become more significant with widespread adoption, thus depending heavily on private agents, the building owners. This research took an interdisciplinary approach, making use of Environmental and Behavioral Economics in order to reveal the mechanisms that guide an individual\'s decision making process, including \"rational\" economic motivations (such as sanctions and subsidies) as well as \"irrational\" motivations, such as imitation of peers. Recognizing green roofs as versatile solutions, a multifaceted approach is taken to assess their suitability for inclusion into existing public policy; the approaches include urban climate, energy efficiency, air pollution, stormwater management, and biodiversity, each with a brief description of the theory and existing public policy, at several scales, from a global context to the Municipality of São Paulo. As a case study, the German environmental index BAF (biotope area factor) is applied to one block in different development typologies in Sao Paulo. It is concluded that the index could be an important tool for fostering not only green roofs, but many other pulverized environmental solutions, thanks to its flexibility and ease of implementation. For even better results, there is the possibility of carefullyadjusting the BAF index to Sao Paulo\'s reality.