xvi, 109 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / The 'culture of sustainability' is rapidly developing across the United States and the globe. Prompted by economic and environmental crisis, the need to understand and implement sustainable practices has become the paramount objective of the building industry. Utilization of historic preservation as a response to sustainable development is an important aspect of the building profession not yet fully understood, though its roots are found in the "new life for old buildings" movement of the 1970s. This lack of understanding is, in part, due to limited research addressing the conservation and sustainability of the existing building stock within the United States. This thesis will provide case study research on successful sustainable preservation strategies that have been filtered through the National Register of Historic Places and the LEED Green Building Rating System, helping to define the opportunities for beneficial interchange. / Committee in Charge: Dr. Kingston W. Heath, Chair; Shannon M. Bell

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research assignment was done to determine the status and awareness of green building solutions in Gaborone, Botswana for the year 2014. In a third world country like Botswana, design and development of ‘green building’ is low on the agenda. As with many other third world countries, other basic needs and services are missing and many people believe that all of those should be sorted out before items such as green building solutions can be looked at. Interviews were conducted with executives of companies in the property development industry or companies that make use of commercial office space. Through these executives, access was gained to the employees who were requested to complete an online survey. The focus of the interviews and surveys was to gain information of the companies’ awareness of and involvement in green building solutions, their view on the willingness to pay for such solutions and on its implementation in the future. In the findings, it became clear that cost is the most important aspect, especially when renting, while when investing, most participants were willing to contribute towards green building solutions with the understanding that this would contribute to lower running costs, and therefore returns on the investment made.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Building (Property Development and Management). / This study investigated the outlook business travellers to and within South Africa have towards green hotels. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which greenness affects consumers in South Africa. This was achieved by reviewing literature related to green hotels and consumers’ attitudes towards green products and its competitiveness in the market. A questionnaire was compiled based on existing literature. Data was collected by means of an online survey and the data was tested using the chi square frequency test. The findings indicated that respondents had a positive attitude towards greening hotels but the chi-test indicated that there was agreement on the positive relationship between greening hotels and perception. Guests believed that a standard should be set for green hotels as well as that if a conventional and green hotel served the same function, the green hotel would be the preferred choice. It is important for green hotels to incorporate a premium into the hotel bill. Future research should establish a model that the hotel can adopt to include a premium in the pricing of the hotel. The potential benefits of this study will be to improve the brand and corporate image of the hotel alongside contributing to a sustainable environment.

Esta dissertação busca contribuir para a incorporação da questão da sustentabilidade de forma multidisciplinar e transversal na prática das políticas públicas de habitação. Para isto, realiza uma revisão histórica do crescimento da temática ambiental no mundo e do desenvolvimento das políticas habitacionais no Brasil, analisando os pontos de aproximação entre elas. São relatadas experiências de municípios no Brasil, desenvolvidas nos últimos 10 anos, que buscaram incorporar às intervenções em habitação de interesse social uma ou mais dimensões que compõem o conceito de sustentabilidade, através do uso de tecnologias específicas para este fim, descritas ao longo do texto. Ao final, são relatadas algumas experiências mais sustentáveis desenvolvidas no município de Embu das Artes, na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, como parte de sua política habitacional, sendo que uma delas foi avaliada através de pesquisa amostral com beneficiários. Com base nas experiências relatadas, é possível apreender fatores comuns, que auxiliam na compreensão das dificuldades encontradas, como forma de auxiliar na concretização de novas experiências em busca da sustentabilidade nas políticas habitacionais. / This dissertation aims to contribute to the incorporation of sustainability concerns in a multidisciplinary and transversal way in the practice of public housing policy. To reach that, the study presents a historical review of the evolution of environmental issues in the world and the development of housing policies in Brazil, analyzing the approaching points between them. The text describes experiences developed in the last 10 years by municipalities in Brazil that incorporated, through the use of specific technologies, one or more dimensions that comprise the concept of sustainability and were utilized on interventions in social housing. Finally, some more sustainable experiments are reported, which were developed by the municipality of Embu das Artes, located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, as part of its housing policy. One of these experiments was assessed by sample survey with its beneficiaries. Based on the related experiments, it is possible to identify common factors that help to understand the difficulties encountered, serving as an aid in the implementation of new experiences in pursuit of sustainability in housing policies.

Este trabalho visa discutir duas importantes fases do edifício: a concepção do projeto e o final de sua vida útil, com enfoque na arquitetura sustentável. Logo nas primeiras idealizações do edifício, quando se inicia o conceito e projeto, já é importante considerar todo o seu ciclo de vida, até mesmo a fase de desmontagem ou demolição, como é mais comum atualmente. Através da demolição são gerados muitos resíduos que, grande parte das vezes, são despejados na natureza ou em aterros sanitários sem tratamento adequado, o que traz como consequência grande poluição ambiental e desperdício. Assim este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar e avaliar processos de demolição ou desmontagem de edificações para propor diretrizes que visam reduzir o desperdício e o impacto ambiental, através de um desmonte racionalizado, no lugar da demolição. Inicialmente foi realizada revisão bibliográfica com o intuito de analisar o que está sendo estudado sobre o assunto no Brasil e no mundo. Um dos principais temas foi o Projeto para o Desmonte, pois é um assunto novo no setor e de grande relevância que vem sendo abordado em países preocupados com o desenvolvimento sustentável. A revisão bibliográfica se baseia principalmente no Design for Disassembly, Design for \"X\", desenvolvimento sustentável, arquitetura sustentável, análise do ciclo de vida e o ciclo de alguns materiais, reutilização e reciclagem, além da demolição. Para análise prática, foram realizados estudos de maneira a avaliar diferentes métodos construtivos e processos de demolições ou desmonte, além das possibilidades de reutilização e reciclagem, após a vida útil dos edifícios. Estes estudos foram realizados através de observação direta, isto é, acompanhamento de alguns processos de demolição ou desmontagem, visitas a obras, entrevistas com arquitetos e demais profissionais envolvidos, além de análise de documentos. Dessa maneira foi possível verificar diversos processos e buscar diretrizes para auxiliar a aplicação do Projeto para o Desmonte e reduzir os impactos ambientais. / This paper aims at discussing two important phases of the building: the project design and the end of his life, focusing on sustainable architecture. In the first few idealizations of the building, when it starts the concept and design, it is important to consider the entire life cycle, even dismantling stage or the demolition, as is more common today. Through many demolition waste are generated, most times, are dumped in nature or in landfills without proper treatment, which consequently brings great environmental pollution and waste. Thus this work aims to analyze and evaluate processes demolition or dismantling of buildings to propose guidelines aimed at reducing waste and environmental impact, through a streamlined disassemble, instead of demolition. Initially literature review was performed in order to analyze what is being studied on the subject in Brazil and worldwide. A major theme was the Design for the Disassembly because it is a new subject in the field and of great importance that is being addressed in countries concerned with sustainable development. The literature review is mainly based on Design for Disassembly, Design for \"X\", sustainable development, sustainable architecture, analysis of the life cycle and the cycle of some materials, reuse and recycling, and demolition. For practical analysis, studies were performed in order to evaluate different methods of construction and demolition or dismantling processes, beyond the possibilities of reuse and recycling after the useful life of the buildings. These studies were conducted through direct observation, monitoring of some processes demolition or dismantling works visits, interviews with architects and other professionals involved, and document analysis. Thus it was possible to get various processes and guidelines to assist the application of Design for Disassembly and reduce environmental impacts.

O discurso corrente sobre termos como \"desenvolvimento sustentável\" e \"sustentabilidade\" tende a ser atribuído diretamente a uma matriz de pensamento \"verde\" que se desenvolve de maneira independente em relação à realidade social envolvida. No entanto, a manutenção de uma sociedade sustentável deve resgatar, sobretudo, o conceito de qualidade de vida das sociedades. Assim, configura-se a demanda de elaboração de possíveis formas de organizações sustentáveis baseadas nos valores históricos, culturais e nas relações existentes entre os cidadãos e a natureza. Diante das questões levantadas, a produção da arquitetura tende a sofrer uma reflexão sobre a postura que se mostraria mais coerente com tais preceitos. A busca por uma arquitetura de baixo impacto social e ambiental pode estar ligada a uma adequada articulação entre novas tecnologias e tradições construtivas existentes, conforme o conceito de pluralismo tecnológico. Diante do cenário social e ambiental do Vale do Ribeira, SP, mostra-se necessário o pensar em culturas construtivas que garantam o estreitamento de relações comunitárias, o envolvimento do usuário/produtor com o processo construtivo, a formação de uma mão-de-obra capacitada e a consequente autonomia das comunidades locais. O bambu representa uma cultura agrícola de fácil manutenção no ambiente natural do Vale do Ribeira, sendo já atualmente uma das principais regiões de seu cultivo no Estado de São Paulo. Configura-se como planta com grande potencial de regeneração ambiental e de grande rendimento produtivo. Já na elaboração do material para seu uso na construção, seu processo produtivo possibilita um amplo domínio pelo usuário, configurando um importante veículo de engajamento de projetos de inclusão social, possibilitando formação, capacitação e geração de trabalho e renda. Assim, a pesquisa visa elucidar e desenvolver possíveis sistemas construtivos em bambu que respondam às questões econômicas, ambientais e sociais referentes ao universo das comunidades caiçaras e ribeirinhas do Vale do Ribeira. A pesquisa, visando questões como o desenvolvimento de um processo de construção autônomo e a valorização do sujeito-autor de seu próprio espaço, contribui para uma forma de desenvolvimento contextual com raízes legítimas, integrado a um modo de vida e a uma cultura local, que só assim poderá trazer na incursão de novas tecnologias, uma atividade social e ambientalmente sustentável. / The current discourse about terms like \"sustainable development\" and \"sustainability\" is usually directly assigned to a \"green\" thinking, developed independently from the social reality involved. However, to maintain a sustainable society it is necessary to rescue the concept of quality of life of societies. Thus, there is a demand of developing possible ways of sustainable organizations, based on historical, cultural and in the relation between the citizens and nature. Before those questions, the production of architecture tends to be an object of observation to define which position would prove more coherence with such precepts. The demand for an architecture of low social and environmental impact can be connected to a proper articulation between new technologies and existing building traditions, as the concept of technological pluralism. Given the social and environmental scenario of the Vale do Ribeira, SP, it is necessary to think about constructive cultures that can guarantee a community relations approach, the involvement of the user / producer with the construction process, the formation of a manpower and the consequent empowerment of local communities. Bamboo is an easy to maintain agricultural culture in the natural environment in the Vale do Ribeira, one of the main regions of its cultivation in the State of São Paulo. It is a plant with great potential for environmental regeneration and high production yield. In material elaboration for construction, its production process enables a broad domain by the user, setting an important vehicle for engaging social inclusion projects, providing education, training, employment and income generation. The research aims to elucidate and develop possibilities for bamboo construction systems that responds to economic, environmental and social issues from the universe of regarding caiçaras and riverside communities in Vale do Ribeira. The research, aimed at issues such as the development of a autonomous building process and the appreciation of the subject-author of your own space, contributes to a contextual development with legitimate roots, integrated into local way of life and culture, which represents the only way of bringing in the incursion of new technologies, a social and environmentally sustainable.

O discurso corrente sobre termos como \"desenvolvimento sustentável\" e \"sustentabilidade\" tende a ser atribuído diretamente a uma matriz de pensamento \"verde\" que se desenvolve de maneira independente em relação à realidade social envolvida. No entanto, a manutenção de uma sociedade sustentável deve resgatar, sobretudo, o conceito de qualidade de vida das sociedades. Assim, configura-se a demanda de elaboração de possíveis formas de organizações sustentáveis baseadas nos valores históricos, culturais e nas relações existentes entre os cidadãos e a natureza. Diante das questões levantadas, a produção da arquitetura tende a sofrer uma reflexão sobre a postura que se mostraria mais coerente com tais preceitos. A busca por uma arquitetura de baixo impacto social e ambiental pode estar ligada a uma adequada articulação entre novas tecnologias e tradições construtivas existentes, conforme o conceito de pluralismo tecnológico. Diante do cenário social e ambiental do Vale do Ribeira, SP, mostra-se necessário o pensar em culturas construtivas que garantam o estreitamento de relações comunitárias, o envolvimento do usuário/produtor com o processo construtivo, a formação de uma mão-de-obra capacitada e a consequente autonomia das comunidades locais. O bambu representa uma cultura agrícola de fácil manutenção no ambiente natural do Vale do Ribeira, sendo já atualmente uma das principais regiões de seu cultivo no Estado de São Paulo. Configura-se como planta com grande potencial de regeneração ambiental e de grande rendimento produtivo. Já na elaboração do material para seu uso na construção, seu processo produtivo possibilita um amplo domínio pelo usuário, configurando um importante veículo de engajamento de projetos de inclusão social, possibilitando formação, capacitação e geração de trabalho e renda. Assim, a pesquisa visa elucidar e desenvolver possíveis sistemas construtivos em bambu que respondam às questões econômicas, ambientais e sociais referentes ao universo das comunidades caiçaras e ribeirinhas do Vale do Ribeira. A pesquisa, visando questões como o desenvolvimento de um processo de construção autônomo e a valorização do sujeito-autor de seu próprio espaço, contribui para uma forma de desenvolvimento contextual com raízes legítimas, integrado a um modo de vida e a uma cultura local, que só assim poderá trazer na incursão de novas tecnologias, uma atividade social e ambientalmente sustentável. / The current discourse about terms like \"sustainable development\" and \"sustainability\" is usually directly assigned to a \"green\" thinking, developed independently from the social reality involved. However, to maintain a sustainable society it is necessary to rescue the concept of quality of life of societies. Thus, there is a demand of developing possible ways of sustainable organizations, based on historical, cultural and in the relation between the citizens and nature. Before those questions, the production of architecture tends to be an object of observation to define which position would prove more coherence with such precepts. The demand for an architecture of low social and environmental impact can be connected to a proper articulation between new technologies and existing building traditions, as the concept of technological pluralism. Given the social and environmental scenario of the Vale do Ribeira, SP, it is necessary to think about constructive cultures that can guarantee a community relations approach, the involvement of the user / producer with the construction process, the formation of a manpower and the consequent empowerment of local communities. Bamboo is an easy to maintain agricultural culture in the natural environment in the Vale do Ribeira, one of the main regions of its cultivation in the State of São Paulo. It is a plant with great potential for environmental regeneration and high production yield. In material elaboration for construction, its production process enables a broad domain by the user, setting an important vehicle for engaging social inclusion projects, providing education, training, employment and income generation. The research aims to elucidate and develop possibilities for bamboo construction systems that responds to economic, environmental and social issues from the universe of regarding caiçaras and riverside communities in Vale do Ribeira. The research, aimed at issues such as the development of a autonomous building process and the appreciation of the subject-author of your own space, contributes to a contextual development with legitimate roots, integrated into local way of life and culture, which represents the only way of bringing in the incursion of new technologies, a social and environmentally sustainable.

Esta dissertação busca contribuir para a incorporação da questão da sustentabilidade de forma multidisciplinar e transversal na prática das políticas públicas de habitação. Para isto, realiza uma revisão histórica do crescimento da temática ambiental no mundo e do desenvolvimento das políticas habitacionais no Brasil, analisando os pontos de aproximação entre elas. São relatadas experiências de municípios no Brasil, desenvolvidas nos últimos 10 anos, que buscaram incorporar às intervenções em habitação de interesse social uma ou mais dimensões que compõem o conceito de sustentabilidade, através do uso de tecnologias específicas para este fim, descritas ao longo do texto. Ao final, são relatadas algumas experiências mais sustentáveis desenvolvidas no município de Embu das Artes, na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, como parte de sua política habitacional, sendo que uma delas foi avaliada através de pesquisa amostral com beneficiários. Com base nas experiências relatadas, é possível apreender fatores comuns, que auxiliam na compreensão das dificuldades encontradas, como forma de auxiliar na concretização de novas experiências em busca da sustentabilidade nas políticas habitacionais. / This dissertation aims to contribute to the incorporation of sustainability concerns in a multidisciplinary and transversal way in the practice of public housing policy. To reach that, the study presents a historical review of the evolution of environmental issues in the world and the development of housing policies in Brazil, analyzing the approaching points between them. The text describes experiences developed in the last 10 years by municipalities in Brazil that incorporated, through the use of specific technologies, one or more dimensions that comprise the concept of sustainability and were utilized on interventions in social housing. Finally, some more sustainable experiments are reported, which were developed by the municipality of Embu das Artes, located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, as part of its housing policy. One of these experiments was assessed by sample survey with its beneficiaries. Based on the related experiments, it is possible to identify common factors that help to understand the difficulties encountered, serving as an aid in the implementation of new experiences in pursuit of sustainability in housing policies.

The integration of cogeneration technologies in residential communities has the potential of reducing energy demand and harmful emissions. This study investigated the impact of selected design parameters on the environmental and economic performances of cogeneration systems integrated into residential communities in cold U.S. climates following a centralized or a decentralized integration approach. Parameters investigated include: 1) density, 2) use mix, 3) street configuration, 4) housing typology, 5) envelope and building systems' efficiencies, 6) renewable energy utilization, 7) cogeneration system type, 8) size, and 9) operation strategy. Based on this, combinations of design characteristics achieving an optimum system performance were identified. The study followed a two-phased mixed research model: first, studies of residential community design and three case studies of sustainable residential communities were analyzed to identify key design parameters; subsequently, simulation tools were utilized to assess the impact of each parameter on cogeneration system performance and to optimize the community design to improve that performance. Assessment procedures included: developing a base-line model representing typical design characteristics of U.S. residential communities; assessing the system performance within this model, for each integration approach, using three performance indicators: reduction in primary energy use, reduction in CO2 emissions; and internal rate of return; assessing the impact of each parameter on the system performance through developing 46 design variations of the base-line model representing changes in these parameters and calculating the three indicators for each variation; using a multi-attribute decision analysis methodology to evaluate the relative impact of each parameter on the system performance; and finally, developing two design optimization scenarios for each integration approach. Results show that, through design optimization, existing cogeneration technologies can be economically feasible and cause reductions of up to 18% in primary energy use and up to 42% in CO2 emissions, with the centralized approach offering a higher potential for performance improvements. A significant correlation also existed between design characteristics identified as favorable for cogeneration system performance and those of sustainable residential communities. These include high densities, high mix of uses, interconnected street networks, and mixing of housing typologies. This indicates the higher potential for integrating cogeneration systems in sustainable residential communities.