The syenite-hosted Young-Davidson (YD) gold deposit is located at the western extension of the Cadillac-Larder-Lake deformation zone (CLLDZ), southwest of Kirkland Lake, in the southern Abitibi greenstone belt, Canada. Gold is predominantly hosted by syenite, and to a lesser extent by Timiskaming sedimentary rocks and mafic volcanic rocks in veins and/or small pervasively altered shear zones related to the CLLDZ. Historical gold production was mainly from quartz veins and disseminated pyrite hosted in altered syenite. Recent drilling by AuRico Gold Corporation (formerly Northgate Minerals Co.) has expanded the underground resource to 14.6 million tonnes (measured and indicated) at an average grade of 2.03 g/t Au and an underground reserve of 39.1 million tonnes (proven and probable) at an average grade of 2.79 g/t Au, where most of the gold is hosted in the syenite. Three generations of veins have been identified based on crosscutting relationships mapped at an underground ore crosscut: V1 boudinaged iron-carbonate veins, V2 folded quartz-pyrite veinlets and V3 planar quartz-carbonate veins. Structural characterization of the vein sets indicates that V2 and V3 extensional vein arrays developed during the D2 deformation, which generated the steeply dipping east-west striking penetrative S2 foliation that is found elsewhere along the CLLDZ. Petrographic analysis of mineralized syenite shows that native gold grains are most abundant in zones of intense potassic-hematite-pyrite alteration as inclusions and along cracks in vein-related and disseminated pyrite. Volcanic-hosted gold is mainly located in quartz-iron-carbonate veins hosted in narrow sheared and pervasively albite-iron-carbonate-pyrite altered volcanic rocks. Whole rock lithogeochemical analyses and mass balance calculations show that mineralized syenite is characterized by enrichments in K, S, Na, Ba and W whereas mineralized volcanic rocks are characterized by strong enrichments in Na, Al, Si, K, Fe, S, Ba and W. Geochemical contouring of 279 analyses of drill core along two N-S sections through the YD syenite show broad cross section scale correlation of gold mineralization with K2O, S and Ba. Sulfur is the most strongly correlated with gold mineralization; however, the most intense sulfidation is generally coincident with zones containing coarse altered feldspars and a fine-grained groundmass of iron-carbonate, Na- and K-feldspar and minor quartz. Bulk sulfur isotopic analyses of syenite-hosted pyrite grains indicate that the dominant source of sulfur is magmatic but there is also a component that has interacted with the reduced Archean atmosphere. Pyrite grains in syenite and volcanic rocks contain up to 15,000 ppm Co, 4,000 ppm Ni and 4,200 ppm As. Chemical mapping of Co, Ni and As from different vein associated pyrite grains show: 1) Arsenic in pyrite is low, < 1,000 ppm; 2) Pyrite shows Co-Ni zoning and gold in V1 vein pyrite is associated with Co-Ni rich pyrite overgrowths of earlier corroded pyrite grains; 3) gold along fractures in V2 vein pyrite is also associated with Co-Ni enrichment; and 4) gold in V3 veins crosscuts Co-Ni patterns in pyrite, which suggests that the V3 style of mineralization has precipitated by different mechanisms. Pyrite mapping combined with alteration assemblages, mineralization characteristics and mineral chemistry suggests that the syenite-hosted mineralization has formed from interaction between multiple fluids with distinct physicochemical conditions. The proposed formational model for the Young-Davidson deposit is of fluid mixing between magmatic and metamorphic fluids during the deformation events that generated the extensive veining systems at Young-Davidson.

The main features of a syenitic complex located near Kamloops B.C. are described. The most noteworthy of these is the abundance of andradite garnet in the rocks. The mineral is believed to have crystallized from a melt that had the composition of quartz syenite. The melt, prior to its consolidation, intruded and apparently assimilated limestone. This caused the rocks to be differentiated at or near their present site by the crystallization of calcium silicates such as the andradite garnet. Quartz -rich rocks were produced first and ultimately nepheline -bearing ones. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

The San Rafael Volcanic Field, Utah, is a 4.6 Ma extinct monogenetic field that is found in the Northern Transition Zone of the Colorado Plateau. The field has been eroded, leaving the dikes, conduits, and sills visible. Within the sills we see evidences of immiscibility in the form of an intermediate syenite (~50 wt% SiO2) enclosed in a mafic shonkinite (~48 wt % SiO2). Field relations indicate that sills were formed due to single events (Richardson et al., 2015), which makes in-situ differentiation the process at the origin of both rock types. Geochemical data supports differentiation of syenite and shonkinite from a single melt. The syenites are more enriched in LREE than shonkinites. The rocks are enriched in LREE compared to an OIB source, indicating melting of a hydrated lithosphere interacting with an asthernospheric garnet peridotite. Olivine with a composition of Fo80-90 further support asthernospheric origin, and pyroxenes indicate that depth of crystallization would have begun around 33 Km, indicating that the melt would have pooled at the base of the crust as it traveled, supporting base of the lithosphere origins. Rhyolite-MELTS modeling further supports differentiation within the sills as the formations of feldspars, biotite and hornblende did not occur until ~800m which would have allowed for fractional crystallization to occur, leading to the immiscibility process and resulting formation of syenite and shonkinite.

The multiphase Ice River Alkaline Complex is located in the Main Ranges of the Rocky Mountains about 40 km east-southeast of Golden, BC, and comprises, in order of decreasing age: (1) a rhythmically-layered mafic complex; (2) carbonatite (concentrated as a plug in the centre of the complex); (3) a zoned nepheline syenite complex, and; (4) a dyke suite consisting of syenitic dykes, late alkaline lamprophyres, and carbonatites. Petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic analysis of the dykes occurring along the eastern margin of the Ice River Alkaline Complex indicates that the syenitic dykes are the product of extensive fractional crystallization (Zr/Hf = 39 – 80; Nb/Ta = 19 – 305). These syenitic dykes can be subdivided based on mineralogy and composition into a nepheline syenite – nephelinolite group, a syenite – monzodiorite group, and an alkali feldspar granite dyke. The calculated Sm-Nd isochron age of the syenitic dykes (369 ± 15 Ma) is consistent with the accepted age of the complex (359 ± 3 Ma), and is supported by the Rb-Sr errorchron for the same samples, as well as preliminary U-Pb zircon dating. A solidification front (fractional crystallization) model has been described for the development of the Ice River Alkaline Complex, where the syenitic dykes represent structurally controlled periodic discharges from an evolving magma chamber. Isotopic evidence coupled with a U-Th-Pb EPMA date of 165 ± 8 Ma for one of the examined discordant REE-rich carbonatite dykes, indicates that at least some of the carbonatites within the Moose Creek Valley are temporally and magmatically isolated from the Ice River Alkaline complex.

<p> Nepheline syenite samples were collected from the Bancroft and Blue Mountain areas, Ontario, Canada, and were analysed for K, Rb, and Tl contents by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results for these elements and the corresponding K/Rb, K/Tl and Rb/Tl ratios were compared with those of nepheline syenites in various localities, and were found to be similar.</p> <p> The Tl, Rb, K contents and the K/Rb, K/Tl and Rb/Tl ratios in this study were determined to be 825 ppb, 110 ppm, 3.28%, 298, 4.11x10^4 and 135 respectively for the Bancroft nepheline syenite gneisses, and 574ppb, 93ppm, 3.28%, 353, 5.71x10^4 and 162 respectively for the Blue Mountain nepheline syenites. From these data, the nepheline syenite rocks in this study were probably originated as continental plutonics.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

O Sienito Pedra Branca, com cerca de 90 km2, é um plúton tardi-orogênico com idade de 610 Ma intrusivo na Nappe Socorro-Guaxupé, e é truncado a oeste por rochas alcalinas (fonolitos e nefelina sienitos) do Maciço de Poços de Caldas, de idade cretácea. O plúton é formado por quatro unidades sieníticas, que intrudiram em três pulsos principais. O primeiro pulso é representado pela unidade Sienito Laminado Saturado a Insaturado (SLSI) de tendência alcalina que aflora na parte N e S-SE do plúton. O segundo pulso consiste na intrusão do Sienito Laminado Supersaturado (SLS), que trunca o interior do SLSI. O último pulso trunca internamente SLS, e constitui o centro do plúton, denominado Sienito Supersaturado Interno (SSI). Externamente ao plúton, separado por um septo de granitos, está o Sienito Supersaturado Externo (SSE), que pode estar associado ao segundo ou terceiro pulso. O Sienito Pedra Branca é denominado por sienitos hipersolvus com índice de cor entre 20-25, nos quais as variações mineralógicas mostram diferentes condições de cristalização. O SLSI atingiu condições mais oxidantes que os sienitos supersaturados, como demonstrado por suas paragêneses máficas (egirina-augita + flogopita + hematita + magnetita versus diopsídio + flogopita ± hornblenda + ilmeno-hematita ± magnetita). Embora em todos os sienitos a cristalização tenha ocorrido sob condições oxidantes, o Mg# maior dos minerais máficos e as maiores proporções do componente hematita nos óxidos romboédricos indicam que a fugacidade de oxigênio foi mais elevada nos SLSI. Dois tipos principais de enclaves são encontrados. Enclaves máfico-ultramáficos são encontrados em todas as unidades, enquanto os microgranulares são exclusivos dos sienitos supersaturados, e têm composições vairáveis nos campos dos sienitos, monzonitos e dioritos. Os enclaves monzoníticos e dioríticos são interpretados com produtos de magmas básicos que interagiram com o sienito hospedeiro em câmaras magmáticas mais profundas, e foram trazidos durante a ascensão. Característica particular dos sienitos supersaturados é a presença de cristais de plagioclásio corroídos, englobados por feldspato alcalino, que possuem composições semelhantes à do plagioclásio presente nos enclaves dioríticos (\'An IND.25-35\'). Estimativas de temperatura liquidus utilizando a saturação em apatita mostraram altas temperaturas dos magmas sieníticos, entre 1040 e 1160º C. Já estimativas de pressão e fO2 foram frustradas devido à ausência de plagioclásio magmático nestas rochas (limita o uso do barômetro de Al na hornblenda) e à ausência de equilíbrio para os óxidos de Fe-Ti (pares ilmeno-hematita + magnetita). As unidades do Sienito Pedra Branca mostram uma pequena variação composicional e diferem principalmente conteúdo de \'Al\' IND.2\'\'O IND.3\', compartilhando assinaturas geoquímicas com elevados teores em LILE como Ba (4000-10000 ppm) e Sr (2000-4500 ppm), além de outros elementos como \'P IND.2\'\'O ind.5\' (1-2%) elementos terras raras leves (La= 100-380 ppm). As semelhanças geoquímicas entre as unidades indicam que, apesar de suas diferenças, elas têm origem comum. Os modelos de gênese de magmas potássicos da literatura sugerem como área fonte mais provável dessas rochas o manto enriquecido. As altas razões LILE/HFSE, demonstradas pelas pronunciadas anomalias negativas em Nb-Ta, Ti e Hf-Zr, indicam vinculo com áreas ativas onde a injeção de fluidos ricos em REE e LILE durante a subducção gera meassomatismo no manto superior. As assinaturas isotópicas com Nd(t) pouco negativo (-7.6 a -8.1) e razões \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 \'Sr IND.(t)\'+ 0.7077- 0.7078 associadas ao elevado conteúdo de Ba, Sr e ETH, reforçam que estes magmas estão associados à fusão parcial de horizontes enriquecidos do manto litosférico. A associção de sienitos insaturados e supersaturados em sílica, em paralelo com a presença de enclaves dioríticos exclusivamente nos sienitos supersaturados sugerem que a violação da barreira térmica ocorreu devido à interação de magmas saturados de tendência alcalina com magmas básicos. A falta de evidências de interação in situ (e.g. diques sin-plutônicos) e a ocorrência de rochas microgranulares mais máficas apenas como enclaves retrabalhados indicam que a interação entre os magmas e consequentes mudanças composicionais deve ter ocorrido em níveis mais profundos da crosta. / The Pedra Branca Syenite, with about 90 Km2 in area, is a 610 Ma late-orogenic pluton intrusive in the Socorro-Guaxupé Nappe and truncated to the west by alkaline rocks (phonolite and nepheline syenite) from the cretacic Poços de Caldas Massif. The pluton is made up of four syenite units that intruded as three main magmatic pulses. The first pulse is represented by the laminated silica-saturated to undersaturated syenite (SLSI) with alkaline tendency that occurs at N and S-SE of the plúton. The second pulse corresponds to the laminated oversaturated syenite (SLS), which truncates SLSI. The last pulse, named internal oversaturated syenite (SSI), cuts SLS internally and makes up the plutons core. Externally, separated from the main pluton by a granite septum, occurs the external oversaturated syenite (SSE) that may be associated to the second or third pulse. The Pedra Branca Syenite is dominated by hypersolvus syenites with color indices 20-25, whose mineralogical variations show contrasts in crystallization conditions. The SLSI reached more oxidizing conditions than the oversaturated syenites, as recorded by their mafic assemblages (egirine-augite + phlogopite + hematite + magnetite versus diopside + phlogopite ± hornblende + ilmeno-hematite ± magnetite). Although in all syenites the crystallization occurred under oxidizing conditions, the SLSI have higher Mg# in the mafic minerals and grater proportions of the hematite component in the rhombohedral oxides, indicating higher oxygen fugacity, close to the HM buffer. Two main types of enclaves are present in the Pedra Branca Syenite. The mafic-ultramafic enclaves occur in all units, while microgranular enclaves are exclusive of silica-oversaturated syenites, and have compositions varying in the compositional fields of syenites, monzonites and diorites. Monzonitic and dioritic enclaves are interpreted as products of basic magmas that interacted with the syenitic host in deeper magma chambers and were carried during ascension. Another particular feature of the silica-oversaturated syenites is the presence of corroded plagioclase included in alkali-feldspars, which have compositions similar to the plagioclase crystals from the diorite enclaves (\'An IND.25-35\'). Estimatives of liquidus temperatures using apatite saturation showed high temperatures for the syenitic liquids, between 1040 and 1160° C. Pressure and fO2 estimates were frustrated by the lack of magmatic plagioclase (restricting the use of the Al in hornblende barometers) and the lack of equilibrium between the Fe-Ti oxides (ilmeno-hematite + magnetite). The Pedra Branca Syenite units show small compositional variations, and differ mostly in \'Al IND.2\'\'O IND.3\' content (higher in silica-oversaturated syenites), sharing geochemical signatures with high contents of LILE such as Ba (4000-10000 ppm) and Sr (2000-4500 ppm), plus other elements as \'P IND.2\'\'O IND.5\' (1,0-2%) and light rare earth elements (La= 100-300 ppm). Geochemical similarities between the units indicate that despite their differences, they have common origin. Models of potassic magmas genesis in the literature suggest as most likely source areas the enriched mantle. The high LILE/HFSE ratios, highlighted by strong negative anomalies of Nb-Ta, Ti and Zr-Hf in spiderdiagrams are suggestive of links with active areas where rich-REE and LILE fluid injection during subduction caused metassomatism in upper mantle. Isotopic signatures with moderately negative Nd(t) (-7.6 to -8.1) and \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 \'Sr IND.(t)\'=0.70767 to 0.70779 associated with the high trace elements contents (Ba, Sr and REE), reinforces that these rocks are associated with partial melting of enriched horizons of the lithospheric mantle. The association of silica undersaturated and oversaturated syenites, and the presence of dioritic enclaves only in the oversaturated units suggests that the violation of the thermal barrier may be connected to the coexistence with basic magmas. The lack of evidence of in situ interaction (e.g., synplutonic dykes) and occurrence of more mafic microgranular rocks only as reworked enclaves indicates that the magma interaction and consequent compositional changes must have occurred at deeper crustal.

O Sienito Pedra Branca, com cerca de 90 km2, é um plúton tardi-orogênico com idade de 610 Ma intrusivo na Nappe Socorro-Guaxupé, e é truncado a oeste por rochas alcalinas (fonolitos e nefelina sienitos) do Maciço de Poços de Caldas, de idade cretácea. O plúton é formado por quatro unidades sieníticas, que intrudiram em três pulsos principais. O primeiro pulso é representado pela unidade Sienito Laminado Saturado a Insaturado (SLSI) de tendência alcalina que aflora na parte N e S-SE do plúton. O segundo pulso consiste na intrusão do Sienito Laminado Supersaturado (SLS), que trunca o interior do SLSI. O último pulso trunca internamente SLS, e constitui o centro do plúton, denominado Sienito Supersaturado Interno (SSI). Externamente ao plúton, separado por um septo de granitos, está o Sienito Supersaturado Externo (SSE), que pode estar associado ao segundo ou terceiro pulso. O Sienito Pedra Branca é denominado por sienitos hipersolvus com índice de cor entre 20-25, nos quais as variações mineralógicas mostram diferentes condições de cristalização. O SLSI atingiu condições mais oxidantes que os sienitos supersaturados, como demonstrado por suas paragêneses máficas (egirina-augita + flogopita + hematita + magnetita versus diopsídio + flogopita ± hornblenda + ilmeno-hematita ± magnetita). Embora em todos os sienitos a cristalização tenha ocorrido sob condições oxidantes, o Mg# maior dos minerais máficos e as maiores proporções do componente hematita nos óxidos romboédricos indicam que a fugacidade de oxigênio foi mais elevada nos SLSI. Dois tipos principais de enclaves são encontrados. Enclaves máfico-ultramáficos são encontrados em todas as unidades, enquanto os microgranulares são exclusivos dos sienitos supersaturados, e têm composições vairáveis nos campos dos sienitos, monzonitos e dioritos. Os enclaves monzoníticos e dioríticos são interpretados com produtos de magmas básicos que interagiram com o sienito hospedeiro em câmaras magmáticas mais profundas, e foram trazidos durante a ascensão. Característica particular dos sienitos supersaturados é a presença de cristais de plagioclásio corroídos, englobados por feldspato alcalino, que possuem composições semelhantes à do plagioclásio presente nos enclaves dioríticos (\'An IND.25-35\'). Estimativas de temperatura liquidus utilizando a saturação em apatita mostraram altas temperaturas dos magmas sieníticos, entre 1040 e 1160º C. Já estimativas de pressão e fO2 foram frustradas devido à ausência de plagioclásio magmático nestas rochas (limita o uso do barômetro de Al na hornblenda) e à ausência de equilíbrio para os óxidos de Fe-Ti (pares ilmeno-hematita + magnetita). As unidades do Sienito Pedra Branca mostram uma pequena variação composicional e diferem principalmente conteúdo de \'Al\' IND.2\'\'O IND.3\', compartilhando assinaturas geoquímicas com elevados teores em LILE como Ba (4000-10000 ppm) e Sr (2000-4500 ppm), além de outros elementos como \'P IND.2\'\'O ind.5\' (1-2%) elementos terras raras leves (La= 100-380 ppm). As semelhanças geoquímicas entre as unidades indicam que, apesar de suas diferenças, elas têm origem comum. Os modelos de gênese de magmas potássicos da literatura sugerem como área fonte mais provável dessas rochas o manto enriquecido. As altas razões LILE/HFSE, demonstradas pelas pronunciadas anomalias negativas em Nb-Ta, Ti e Hf-Zr, indicam vinculo com áreas ativas onde a injeção de fluidos ricos em REE e LILE durante a subducção gera meassomatismo no manto superior. As assinaturas isotópicas com Nd(t) pouco negativo (-7.6 a -8.1) e razões \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 \'Sr IND.(t)\'+ 0.7077- 0.7078 associadas ao elevado conteúdo de Ba, Sr e ETH, reforçam que estes magmas estão associados à fusão parcial de horizontes enriquecidos do manto litosférico. A associção de sienitos insaturados e supersaturados em sílica, em paralelo com a presença de enclaves dioríticos exclusivamente nos sienitos supersaturados sugerem que a violação da barreira térmica ocorreu devido à interação de magmas saturados de tendência alcalina com magmas básicos. A falta de evidências de interação in situ (e.g. diques sin-plutônicos) e a ocorrência de rochas microgranulares mais máficas apenas como enclaves retrabalhados indicam que a interação entre os magmas e consequentes mudanças composicionais deve ter ocorrido em níveis mais profundos da crosta. / The Pedra Branca Syenite, with about 90 Km2 in area, is a 610 Ma late-orogenic pluton intrusive in the Socorro-Guaxupé Nappe and truncated to the west by alkaline rocks (phonolite and nepheline syenite) from the cretacic Poços de Caldas Massif. The pluton is made up of four syenite units that intruded as three main magmatic pulses. The first pulse is represented by the laminated silica-saturated to undersaturated syenite (SLSI) with alkaline tendency that occurs at N and S-SE of the plúton. The second pulse corresponds to the laminated oversaturated syenite (SLS), which truncates SLSI. The last pulse, named internal oversaturated syenite (SSI), cuts SLS internally and makes up the plutons core. Externally, separated from the main pluton by a granite septum, occurs the external oversaturated syenite (SSE) that may be associated to the second or third pulse. The Pedra Branca Syenite is dominated by hypersolvus syenites with color indices 20-25, whose mineralogical variations show contrasts in crystallization conditions. The SLSI reached more oxidizing conditions than the oversaturated syenites, as recorded by their mafic assemblages (egirine-augite + phlogopite + hematite + magnetite versus diopside + phlogopite ± hornblende + ilmeno-hematite ± magnetite). Although in all syenites the crystallization occurred under oxidizing conditions, the SLSI have higher Mg# in the mafic minerals and grater proportions of the hematite component in the rhombohedral oxides, indicating higher oxygen fugacity, close to the HM buffer. Two main types of enclaves are present in the Pedra Branca Syenite. The mafic-ultramafic enclaves occur in all units, while microgranular enclaves are exclusive of silica-oversaturated syenites, and have compositions varying in the compositional fields of syenites, monzonites and diorites. Monzonitic and dioritic enclaves are interpreted as products of basic magmas that interacted with the syenitic host in deeper magma chambers and were carried during ascension. Another particular feature of the silica-oversaturated syenites is the presence of corroded plagioclase included in alkali-feldspars, which have compositions similar to the plagioclase crystals from the diorite enclaves (\'An IND.25-35\'). Estimatives of liquidus temperatures using apatite saturation showed high temperatures for the syenitic liquids, between 1040 and 1160° C. Pressure and fO2 estimates were frustrated by the lack of magmatic plagioclase (restricting the use of the Al in hornblende barometers) and the lack of equilibrium between the Fe-Ti oxides (ilmeno-hematite + magnetite). The Pedra Branca Syenite units show small compositional variations, and differ mostly in \'Al IND.2\'\'O IND.3\' content (higher in silica-oversaturated syenites), sharing geochemical signatures with high contents of LILE such as Ba (4000-10000 ppm) and Sr (2000-4500 ppm), plus other elements as \'P IND.2\'\'O IND.5\' (1,0-2%) and light rare earth elements (La= 100-300 ppm). Geochemical similarities between the units indicate that despite their differences, they have common origin. Models of potassic magmas genesis in the literature suggest as most likely source areas the enriched mantle. The high LILE/HFSE ratios, highlighted by strong negative anomalies of Nb-Ta, Ti and Zr-Hf in spiderdiagrams are suggestive of links with active areas where rich-REE and LILE fluid injection during subduction caused metassomatism in upper mantle. Isotopic signatures with moderately negative Nd(t) (-7.6 to -8.1) and \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 \'Sr IND.(t)\'=0.70767 to 0.70779 associated with the high trace elements contents (Ba, Sr and REE), reinforces that these rocks are associated with partial melting of enriched horizons of the lithospheric mantle. The association of silica undersaturated and oversaturated syenites, and the presence of dioritic enclaves only in the oversaturated units suggests that the violation of the thermal barrier may be connected to the coexistence with basic magmas. The lack of evidence of in situ interaction (e.g., synplutonic dykes) and occurrence of more mafic microgranular rocks only as reworked enclaves indicates that the magma interaction and consequent compositional changes must have occurred at deeper crustal.

A suite of silica-undersaturated syenites outcrops along the margins of a monzogranite pluton emplaced in the Knee Lake greenstone belt at Cinder Lake, Manitoba. Alkali-feldspar syenitic pegmatite probably represents a cumulate unit derived from magma that subsequently evolved to fine-grained feldspathoid syenites. This evolution involved an increase in the degree of undersaturation from cancrinite-nepheline syenite to vishnevite syenite. Abundant calcite veinlets, showing a carbonatitic isotopic and trace-element signature, crosscut the pegmatite and are interpreted to have evolved from the syenites. The monzogranite and syenites gave similar radiometric ages (~2.72 Ga), but evidence of fenitization in the former suggests that the syenites are somewhat younger. The emplacement of these rocks was coeval with the collision of the North Caribou and North Superior superterranes during amalgamation of the Superior Province. The observed transition from granitic to alkaline magmatism is interpreted to mark the transition from a collisional to post-collisional tectonic regime.

A suite of silica-undersaturated syenites outcrops along the margins of a monzogranite pluton emplaced in the Knee Lake greenstone belt at Cinder Lake, Manitoba. Alkali-feldspar syenitic pegmatite probably represents a cumulate unit derived from magma that subsequently evolved to fine-grained feldspathoid syenites. This evolution involved an increase in the degree of undersaturation from cancrinite-nepheline syenite to vishnevite syenite. Abundant calcite veinlets, showing a carbonatitic isotopic and trace-element signature, crosscut the pegmatite and are interpreted to have evolved from the syenites. The monzogranite and syenites gave similar radiometric ages (~2.72 Ga), but evidence of fenitization in the former suggests that the syenites are somewhat younger. The emplacement of these rocks was coeval with the collision of the North Caribou and North Superior superterranes during amalgamation of the Superior Province. The observed transition from granitic to alkaline magmatism is interpreted to mark the transition from a collisional to post-collisional tectonic regime.