La première moitié du XIXe siècle germanique voit le sacré se déplacer de façon massive et multiple vers la sphère profane. Le vocabulaire, les schémas et les idéaux religieux se refondent dans le prisme historique pour pénétrer philosophie, littérature, arts visuels et musique. Dans un climat esthétique, politique et social tendu vers la Bildung, l’édification morale mais aussi religieuse de la société, la représentation communautaire devient l’objet privilégié de l’art. En témoignent le ressourcement architectural gothique, les tableaux d’activisme nazaréen, ainsi que des modalités de représentation grandioses dans l’opéra et l’oratorio. L’insertion plus insolite du religieux dans la symphonie trouve ici un champ de contextualisation qui permet d’élucider les mutations contradictoires du genre en plein essor. Engagée depuis le classicisme dans une vocation spirituelle récusant l’intelligible, la symphonie ne s’en trouve pas moins investie de représentations religieuses se focalisant sur l’image communautaire. Dans l’attraction de l’œuvre beethovénien, Mendelssohn et Schumann, parallèlement à Spohr, font dans leurs symphonies une place décisive aux topoï connotant ou dénotant le religieux, à commencer par les cantiques et les styles anciens. Leurs corpus symphoniques respectifs apparaissent singulièrement homogènes, non moins qu’en correspondance. Par l’amplification des représentations spirituelles via la technique cyclique, ils s’appréhendent dès lors dans une vocation religieuse d’accomplissement, en probable résonance avec les conceptions historicistes d’immanence ou de transcendance. / The first half of the Germanic Nineteenth Century saw the shift of the religious expression in a massive and multiple way towards the profane sphere. Vocabulary, patterns and religious ideals are recast in the historical prism to enter philosophy, literature, visual arts and music. In a tense aesthetic, political and social climate to « Bildung », the moral and religious edification of society, the community representation becomes the privileged aim of art. Evidence of this is found in the Gothic architectural renewal, the activism of Nazarene paintings and grandiose representation arrangements in historical-religious opera and oratorio. The more unusual religious penetration into the symphony finds a significant field of contextualization that allows to elucidate the contradictory mutations of the booming genre. Committed since classicism to a spiritual vocation rejecting the intelligible, it is nonetheless true that the symphony is invested with religious representations focusing on community image. In the attraction of the work of Beethoven, symphonies by Mendelssohn and Schumann, along with those of Spohr, give emphasis to topoï connoting or indicating the religious, starting with hymns and old styles. Their respective symphonic corpus appear remarkably homogeneous, no less than in retrospect correspondence. By amplifying the spiritual representations via the cyclic technique, they are subsequently grasped in a religious vocation of accomplishment, likely in resonance with the historicist conceptions of immanence and transcendence.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arcadio Minczuk.pdf: 11258815 bytes, checksum: 05ab36e9e5d0bf9757d42544e61cf9c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-16 / This thesis entitled "The historical, political and economic context of symphony orchestras in Brazil" is based on research which presumes that "political, economic and cultural changes occurring in both national and international scenes are fueling the transformation of orchestral practices in Brazil." The research focused on political and economical changes that occurred during the defined period for this investigation - the last 30 years and, thus, allowed and enabled qualitative changes to occur in the context of symphonic ensembles in Brazil. This investigation focused on orchestral ensembles and sought to analyze groups prioritizing symphonic repertoire, which also included concertante works among other selections using choir and/ or vocal soloist. It was observed that: the connection between influential figures and entrepreneurs with ideas and consistent projects is at the heart of creation and success of quality orchestras; that changes in the international and national scene, in the late twentieth century, were crucial in the transformation of symphony orchestras in Brazil not to mention major developments in the country from 1990 to 2000.Based on this study, ranking of the five important Brazilian orchestras, some of them often referred to as world-class ensembles,include the Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo (Osesp), the Orquestra Sinfônica Brasileira (OSB), the Filarmônica de Minas Gerais , the Orquestra Sinfônica de Porto Alegre (Ospa) and the Orquestra Sinfônica do Teatro Nacional Claudio Santoro (OSTNCS), de Brasília. The research reveals that Osesp is unique as the most important orchestra and, coincidentally, its administration also serves as a model of excellence / Esta tese intitulada O contexto histórico, político e econômico de orquestras sinfônicas do Brasil está sustentada em investigação que tem como hipótese que a mudança econômica, política e cultural que ocorre no cenário nacional e internacional constitui o solo que sustenta a transformação da prática orquestral sinfônica no Brasil . A pesquisa realizada focou as mudanças políticas e econômicas havidas no período delimitado para esta investigação, ou seja, os últimos 30 anos, que permitiram e possibilitaram as mudanças qualitativas ocorridas no âmbito das orquestras sinfônicas do Brasil. No movimento de investigação, focou-se o cenário das orquestras sinfônicas e se buscou a análise dos grupos que têm como prioritário o repertório sinfônico, onde se incluiu, também, obras concertantes e que utilizavam coro e solista vocal. Observou-se que: a conexão entre o poder estabelecido e empreendedores com ideias e projetos consistentes constitui o cerne da criação e manutenção de orquestras de qualidade; que mudanças ocorridas no cenário internacional e nacional, no final do século XX, foram cruciais para a transformação de orquestras sinfônicas no Brasil, dando-se destaque, no Brasil às mudanças havidas de 1990 a 2000. Efetuou-se investigação sobre a qualificação de orquestras sinfônicas que podem ser consideradas como sendo de nível internacional ou, como denominado em inglês, uma orquestra world class. Com base nesse estudo, apresentou uma classificação de cinco importantes orquestras sinfônicas brasileiras, quais sejam, a Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo (Osesp), a Orquestra Sinfônica Brasileira (OSB), a Orquestra Filarmônica de Minas Gerais, a Orquestra Sinfônica de Porto Alegre e a Orquestra Sinfônica do Teatro Nacional Claudio Santoro (OSTNCS), de Brasília. Mostrou-se que a Osesp ocupa isoladamente o lugar de destaque na classificação efetuada e que se transformou em modelo de gestão de orquestra dentro do Brasil

A produção orquestral de Villa-Lobos é indubitavelmente grandiosa e exuberante, confrontando a nós músicos, desafios de ordem técnica e interpretativa. Este trabalho discutirá sobre algumas das partes destinadas aos metais graves e suas possíveis soluções técnicas. Escolheram-se oito peças sinfônicas de palco na intenção de se tabular uma amostra razoável dessa faceta composicional de Villa-Lobos. As sugestões interpretativas serão embasadas em análises de autógrafos e suas edições, visualizadas por meio de trechos das partes orquestrais e corroboradas por uma revisão atualizada da literatura, propondo que se busque uma compreensão maior sobre as ferramentas expressivas oferecidas ao intérprete de metal grave, inserindo-o dentro da dialética villalobiana. / The orchestral production of Villa-Lobos is certainly grand and lush. It is confronting us musicians in a technical and interpretive challenges order. This doctoral essay will discuss some of the parts composed for low brass and their possible technical solutions. It was chose eight symphonic pieces in order to major measure a reasonable sample of the compositional facet of Villa-Lobos. Interpretation suggestions are based on solid analysis from autograph and their issues, visualized by means of excerpts from the orchestral and supported by an updated literature review parts, proposing to seek a greater understanding of the expressive tools offered to low brass musician and inserting them inside of the villalobiana´s dialectic.

The role of the first violinist in a professional symphony orchestra is rarely only to perform. The position of concertmaster, at the professional level, generally constitutes a wide range of responsibilities and activities, not necessarily restricted to the realm of music-making. The present research utilized interviews with five concertmasters of professional Brazilian symphony orchestras in order to respond to the following questions: What is the role of the professional concertmaster? What musical and educational experiences defined the paths of current professional concertmasters in Brazil? What is the scope of their responsibilities as concertmaster? Lastly, what are the expectations of these concertmasters for the future of their own careers, of their Orchestras and of professional Brazilian symphony orchestras in general? After a systematic categorization, twenty-eight professional Brazilian symphony orchestras were identified. The concertmasters of fifteen of these twenty-eight orchestras were contacted with an invitation to participate in a recorded interview. Ultimately, the invitation was accepted by two current and three former professional concertmasters. Analysis of the information gathered through the interviews was further expanded by an investigation into the careers of 16 additional professional concertmasters from various countries who were cited in the present research but not personally interviewed. Several trends were revealed within the life paths and professional perspectives of the concertmasters. Of the five concertmasters interviewed in Brazil, four received musical training outside of South America during their formative years. All five serve or served as music educators in addition to their orchestral work: three at the university level and two with younger students. Only one of the five interviewees passed through a strictly traditional audition process in order to assume the position of concertmaster. Of the 21 professional concertmasters about whom data was collected (including the five interviewees), at least sixteen held the position of concertmaster several times before assuming the role in a prominent orchestra. Five of the 21 concertmasters (including two of the five interviewees) eventually branched into the realm of symphonic conducting, while at least twelve of the 21 did not. Seventeen are or were employed as music professors at the university level. All 21 of the violinists cited within the present research performed solo and/or chamber music regularly throughout their orchestral careers. Ultimately, the interviewees emphasized the following four characteristics as the basic requirements of effective concertmastership at the professional level: (1) technical ability, (2) two-way respect of colleagues, (3) natural leadership/firmness, and (4) a supportive relationship with the conductor.

Bibliography: p. 726-753. / 2 v. (753 p. ; [551] p.) : music ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Elder School of Music

The aim of this thesis is to study Viking Eggeling’s artwork Diagonal Symphony together with Eggeling’s own art theoretical writings. This method of reading Eggeling’s art theoretical writings with the aim to try and create a deeper understanding of his art and especially Diagonal Symphony is a new approach in Eggeling’s art historical discourse. The thesis starts with a description of how the field of art history has understood Eggeling and his art primarily through art historical research aimed at Hans Richter. I then argue that the method of understanding Eggeling’s art through his own art historical writings is a way to create an independent understanding about Eggeling’s art away from it’s explanatory relation with Richter. To understand and to analyze the relation between Eggeling’s art and art theoretical writings the thesis theoretical viewpoint are a system theoretical one with a special focus on cybernetics and the terms feedback and control. The thesis then establish that Eggeling, in his art and art theoretical writings, tried to compose his own method for creating the form figures we can see appearing in Diagonal Symphony and that this method of creating form was a way for Eggeling to control his creativity and to build up a structured system of forms. The study then concludes with the statement that Eggeling worked with the movie and the scrolls Diagonal Symphony as artistic material formations of a system of forms called Diagonal Symphony and that the system of forms called Diagonal Symphony is the result of Eggeling’s systematic method to generate form in a structured and organised way.

There are about 1500 wind bands in Taiwan, which are separated in primary, junior high, senior high school, universities and communities etc. In Taiwan, the population who learn the wind instrument are more than one hundred thousand population, however, there are only five professional orchestras, including National Symphony Orchestra, Taipei Symphony Orchestra, National Taiwan Symphony Orchestra, Kaohsiung City Symphony Orchestra and Evergreen Symphony Orchestra, and no a professional wind band. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understanding the availability and possibility to fund a Professional Wind Band in Taiwan via evaluating the market of musical performing and the status of audience involvement. The study methods contain conducting interviewing the key person of the wind band and designing a survey with the factors of Human Resource, Financial Plan, and Operation Status.

This study has investigated the influence of Central Italian folk music in select compositions of Ottorino Respighi, Peter Tchaikovsky, Felix Mendelssohn, and Jean Sibelius. Through the titles of these pieces, one can infer that they were influenced by the composer living in Italy, or visiting, on holiday. This study also includes a brief history of the serenade, from the traditional Italian folk practice to Antonín Dvořák’s treatment of the more modern 19th-century genre. A review of the evolution of the state of ethnomusicology in Italy, including discussion of art and folk-music instruments, poetry, carnevale, and processions within the region of Italy is included. Further, I provide information on tonal and instrumental characteristics and specific folk dances to aid in the investigation of the treatment of folk melodies within 19th-century pieces. The result of this research not only provides a more accurate interpretation of stylistic issues when 19th-century works containing Italian folk-music attributes are performed, but also the knowledge that the title of a piece does not necessarily indicate a musical significance. Some works exhibit a direct musical influence while others are “Italian” in name only. / School of Music

Orientador: Marcos Fernandes Pupo Nogueira / Banca: Gildo Magalhães dos Santos Filho / Banca: Oscar Alejandro Fabian D'Ambrosio / Banca: Lutero Rodrigues / Banca: Julia Zanlorenzi Tygel / Resumo: Esta pesquisa foi estruturada a partir da percepção do processo de encolhimento do número de orquestras profissionais subsidiadas por organismos estatais nos últimos anos, desde 2000. O esvaziamento dos ideais civilizatórios que orientaram a criação de sinfônicas em meados do século XX e a perda de identificação de boa parte da sociedade com determinadas práticas culturais vinculadas às elites são as hipóteses levantadas para justificar esse cenário de retração da música de concerto no Brasil e, de modo específico, na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, espaço privilegiado que congrega vários dos principais organismos culturais do país. O objetivo específico deste trabalho é comprovar a tendência de retração do quadro de orquestras profissionais ativas na região no período compreendido entre 2000 e 2016, investigando suas possíveis causas e significados. O estudo, elaborado com base no mapeamento das orquestras ativas ou extintas nesses 16 anos e na análise de estatísticas geográficas e socioeconômicas, bem como no histórico de formação das vias culturais na cidade de São Paulo, resultou na confirmação das hipóteses apontadas, relativas à perda da função social desses grupos e ao progressivo abandono, por parte do Estado, de um modelo de educação e civilidade estabelecido ainda na primeira metade do século XX. / Abstract: This research builds upon the observation of the shrinking process of the number of professional orchestras subsidized by state bodies in the last years, since 2000. The decline of the civilizational ideals that led to the creation of symphonies in the middle of the XX century and the loss of appreciation of considerable part of the society in cultural practices turned to the elite are the hypotheses raised to justify this scenario of concert music retraction in Brazil and, specifically, in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, a privileged space that concentrates several of the main cultural organizations of the parents. This work's intention is to prove the tendency of retraction of the professional orchestras in São Paulo in the period between 2000 and 2016, analyzing all possible reasons and explanations. This work, based on the picture of active or extinct orchestras in those 16 years and the geographical analysis and socioeconomic statistics, as well as the history of culture in the city of São Paulo, resulted in the confirmation of the hypotheses related to the loss of the social function of these groups and the progressive disbandment by the State of an educational model and civility established in the first half of the twentieth century. / Doutor

The role of the first violinist in a professional symphony orchestra is rarely only to perform. The position of concertmaster, at the professional level, generally constitutes a wide range of responsibilities and activities, not necessarily restricted to the realm of music-making. The present research utilized interviews with five concertmasters of professional Brazilian symphony orchestras in order to respond to the following questions: What is the role of the professional concertmaster? What musical and educational experiences defined the paths of current professional concertmasters in Brazil? What is the scope of their responsibilities as concertmaster? Lastly, what are the expectations of these concertmasters for the future of their own careers, of their Orchestras and of professional Brazilian symphony orchestras in general? After a systematic categorization, twenty-eight professional Brazilian symphony orchestras were identified. The concertmasters of fifteen of these twenty-eight orchestras were contacted with an invitation to participate in a recorded interview. Ultimately, the invitation was accepted by two current and three former professional concertmasters. Analysis of the information gathered through the interviews was further expanded by an investigation into the careers of 16 additional professional concertmasters from various countries who were cited in the present research but not personally interviewed. Several trends were revealed within the life paths and professional perspectives of the concertmasters. Of the five concertmasters interviewed in Brazil, four received musical training outside of South America during their formative years. All five serve or served as music educators in addition to their orchestral work: three at the university level and two with younger students. Only one of the five interviewees passed through a strictly traditional audition process in order to assume the position of concertmaster. Of the 21 professional concertmasters about whom data was collected (including the five interviewees), at least sixteen held the position of concertmaster several times before assuming the role in a prominent orchestra. Five of the 21 concertmasters (including two of the five interviewees) eventually branched into the realm of symphonic conducting, while at least twelve of the 21 did not. Seventeen are or were employed as music professors at the university level. All 21 of the violinists cited within the present research performed solo and/or chamber music regularly throughout their orchestral careers. Ultimately, the interviewees emphasized the following four characteristics as the basic requirements of effective concertmastership at the professional level: (1) technical ability, (2) two-way respect of colleagues, (3) natural leadership/firmness, and (4) a supportive relationship with the conductor.