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The modern industry today is highly dependent on electric motors of differenttypes and sizes. Synchronous motors are used in applications where a fixedspeed is desired. These machines are often found in high power applicationswhere they are preferred over induction motors due to their higher efficiency.Synchronous motors represent large investments and typically drive processeswhere downtime results in significant capital losses. Thus, detecting faults atan early stage can help avoid catastrophic failures and be useful in thescheduling of maintenance. In order to detect faulty conditions before theyterminate in a failure, machine operators must perform some kind ofmonitoring on the machines. Typically, the more critical the machine is for aprocess, the more effort is put on monitoring it. Before building a monitoringsystem for a machine, one must first decide what parameters that should bemonitored. The obvious desire is to find a parameter that is easy and cheap tomeasure and at the same time can give detailed information about the workingstate of the machine.The aim of this thesis is to evaluate whether the exciter stator current is anadequate parameter to use within a monitoring system for synchronous motors.The evaluation has been made through simulations of two different setups;One using a synchronous motor in the 20 MW range fed by a synchronousmachine type exciter. And the other using the same motor but instead fed byan induction machine type exciter. It has been found that the exciter statorcurrent can be used for detection of faults associated to the rectifier and statorshort circuit of the main machine stator winding. It has not been possible todetect turn-to-turn faults in the main machine rotor.The work has been performed at ABB Corporate Research in Västerås fromJune until December 2013.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2006. / Advisor Juan C. Ordonez, Florida State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 19, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains x, 267 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar e avaliar uma técnica de determinação de posição inicial de rotor em máquinas síncronas de ímã permanente de superfície. A técnica de determinação de posição inicial é baseada na aplicação de pulsos ao motor. É proposto também um algoritmo de ajuste automático desses pulsos de forma a criar um mecanismo genérico de determinação de posição inicial de ângulo de rotor para o tipo de máquina em estudo. Simulações são realizadas de forma a garantir funcionamento correto do algoritmo que foi implementado em código C com matemática de ponto fixo. A implementação foi realizada utilizando-se um microcontrolador comercial de baixo custo que não possui hardware para aritmética de ponto flutuante. Um descritivo detalhado da implementação, do sistema de testes e resultados são apresentados ao longo do texto. / This work aims the study and evaluation of a rotor initial angle estimation technique in surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine. The technique of the rotor initial angle estimation is based on pulse injection to the motor. It is also proposed in this work an automatic pulse adjustment algorithm in order to create a generic mechanism to estimate rotor initial angle for the machine type under study. Simulations are performed in order to ensure the proper functionality of the algorithm which was implemented in C code with fixed point mathematics. The implementation was performed using a comercial low cost microcontroller which does not have floating point arithmetic capability. A detailed description of the implementation, test system and results are presented in this text.

Torsional vibration is an oscillatory angular twisting motion in the rotating members of a system. It can be deemed quite dangerous in that it cannot be detected as easily as other forms of vibration, and hence, subsequent failures that it leads to are often abrupt and may cause direct breakage of the shafts of the drive train. The need for sufficient analysis during the design stage of a rotating machine is, thus, well justified in order to avoid expensive modifications during later stages of the manufacturing process. In 1998, a project was initiated by the Turbomachinery Research Consortium (TRC) at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, to develop a suite of computer codes to model torsional vibration of large drive trains. The author had the privilege of developing some modules in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA-Excel) for this suite of torsional vibration analysis codes, now collectively called XLTRC-Torsion. This treatise parleys the theory behind torsional vibration analysis using both the Transfer Matrix approach and the Finite Element approach, and in particular, validates the results generated by XLTRC-Torsion based on those approaches using experimental data available from tests on a 66,000 HP Air Compressor.

Torsional vibration is an oscillatory angular twisting motion in the rotating members of a system. It can be deemed quite dangerous in that it cannot be detected as easily as other forms of vibration, and hence, subsequent failures that it leads to are often abrupt and may cause direct breakage of the shafts of the drive train. The need for sufficient analysis during the design stage of a rotating machine is, thus, well justified in order to avoid expensive modifications during later stages of the manufacturing process. In 1998, a project was initiated by the Turbomachinery Research Consortium (TRC) at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, to develop a suite of computer codes to model torsional vibration of large drive trains. The author had the privilege of developing some modules in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA-Excel) for this suite of torsional vibration analysis codes, now collectively called XLTRC-Torsion. This treatise parleys the theory behind torsional vibration analysis using both the Transfer Matrix approach and the Finite Element approach, and in particular, validates the results generated by XLTRC-Torsion based on those approaches using experimental data available from tests on a 66,000 HP Air Compressor.

Η τριφασική σύγχρονη γεννήτρια αποτελεί βασική συνιστώσα των συστημάτων ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας. Τα μεταβατικά φαινόμενα στις γεννήτριες συνήθως προκαλούνται από εξωτερικές αιτίες, κεραυνούς, βροχές και δυνατό αέρα. Σύμφωνα με τις στατιστικές το 70% των διαταραχών στις σύγχρονες γεννήτριες είναι βραχυκυκλώματα μιας φάσης με το έδαφος και μόνο 5% των βραχυκυκλωμάτων είναι τριφασικά. Η μελέτη των βραχυκυκλωμάτων σύγχρονης γεννήτριας είναι βασικό εργαλείο για το σχεδιασμό των συστημάτων ενέργειας, καθώς βοηθάει να σχεδιαστεί ο κατάλληλος εξοπλισμός προστασίας, ώστε να απομονωθεί από το υπόλοιπο σύστημα η βραχυκυκλωμένη γεννήτρια, την κατάλληλη στιγμή. Σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι αφ’ενός η μελέτη της συμπεριφοράς της σύγχρονης γεννήτριας κατά τη διάρκεια βραχυκυκλωμάτων, αναλύοντας τα είδη των σύγχρονων παραμέτρων και των σταθερών χρόνου και αφετέρου η κατανόηση της χρήσεως του πλήρους και των απλοποιημένων μοντέλων που να μπορούν να περιγράψουν με ακρίβεια τη δυναμική κατάσταση της γεννήτριας, κατά περίπτωση. Συγκεκριμένα στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται η κατασκευαστική δομή και η λειτουργία της σύγχρονης γεννήτριας στη μόνιμη κατάσταση, ώστε να δημιουργηθεί το απαραίτητο γνωστικό υπόβαθρο για την κατανόηση των μετέπειτα εννοιών ,ενώ στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο κάνουμε μια συνοπτική περιγραφή των διάφορων ειδών βραχυκυκλωμάτων. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο αναλύεται το πλήρες μοντέλο της γεννήτριας για την περιγραφή της συμπεριφοράς της κατά τη διάρκεια τριφασικών, διφασικών και μονοφασικών με το έδαφος βραχυκυκλωμάτων.Αυτό το μοντέλο προκύπτει αντικαθιστώντας τις συνθήκες των βραχυκυκλωμάτων στις εξισώσεις του γενικευμένου d-q-o μαθηματικού μοντέλου της σύγχρονης γεννήτριας. Τέλος μελετάμε τις κυματοσυναρτήσεις του ρεύματος διέγερσης και των ρευμάτων του στάτη που προκύπτουν για εφαρμογή του βραχυκυκλώματος τρεις διαφορετικές χρονικές στιγμές. Η διαδικασία επαναλαμβάνεται για όλα τα είδη βραχυκυκλωμάτων και καταλήγουμε σε κάποια συμπεράσματα. Για να χρησιμοποιηθούν στη μελέτη των συστημάτων ενέργειας, οι εξισώσεις της γεννήτριας πρέπει να ενσωματωθούν στις εξισώσεις που περιγράφουν το σύστημα μεταφοράς ενέργειας έτσι σε πολλές μελέτες συστημάτων ενέργειας είναι δυνατό και επιθυμητό να απλοποιήσουμε τις εξισώσεις της γεννήτριας ώστε να ενσωματωθούν πιο εύκολα στο δίκτυο. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο αναπτύσσουμε 5 απλοποιημένα μοντέλα της σύγχρονης γεννήτριας, για τριφασικό συμμετρικό βραχυκύκλωμα, για αρχικά αφόρτιστη μηχανή .Πρωτού μελετήσουμε πως μπορούν να γίνουν αυτές οι απλοποιήσεις, αναπτύσουμε τα ισοδύναμα κυκλώματα για τη μόνιμη, μεταβατική και υπομεταβατική κατάσταση, καθορίζουμε τις επαγωγικές αντιδράσεις και τις σταθερές χρόνου και τέλος καταλήγουμε στα απλοποιημένα μοντέλα. Στο τελευταίο κεφάλαιο μελετάμε το ποιοτικό μοντέλο της γεννήτριας κατά το οποίο γίνεται αναπαράσταση της γεννήτριας για καθε μια από τις 3 καταστάσεις με ένα ισοδύναμο κύκλωμα μετασχηματιστή. / --

Orientador: Edson Bim / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T09:27:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria_DanieldeFigueiredo_M.pdf: 3444109 bytes, checksum: 34912440efabb8d8fa3417e2f0c89c4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Neste trabalho é apresentado o controle linear de máximo torque de um motor síncrono de ímãs permanentes interiores funcionando nas regiões de torque constante e potência constante. Na região de torque constante utiliza-se uma estratégia de controle baseada na curva de máximo torque por Ampére do motor e na região de potência constante implementa-se uma estratégia de enfraquecimento de campo que visa manter a tens~ao terminal de estator constante através do controle da reação de armadura. Para melhorar a resposta dinâmica do controle de torque na região de potência constante define-se uma faixa de velocidade intermediária, denominada região de enfraquecimento parcial, na qual estende-se o controle pela curva de máximo torque por Ampére. Resultados de simulação e experimentais são obtidos com o objetivo de avaliar os métodos de controle propostos. / Abstract: In this work is presented the linear maximum torque control of an interior permanent magnet synchronous operating in the constant torque and field weakening ranges. The constant torque control is implemented by using the maximum torque per Ampére curve of the motor. The terminal stator voltage remains constant along the field weakening range due to the armature reaction control. In order to obtain a better dynamic response, the maximum torque per Ampére control is extended up to the field weakening range, in an intermediate region, called partial field weakening region. Experimental and simulation results are presented in order to validate the proposed torque control methods. / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar e avaliar uma técnica de determinação de posição inicial de rotor em máquinas síncronas de ímã permanente de superfície. A técnica de determinação de posição inicial é baseada na aplicação de pulsos ao motor. É proposto também um algoritmo de ajuste automático desses pulsos de forma a criar um mecanismo genérico de determinação de posição inicial de ângulo de rotor para o tipo de máquina em estudo. Simulações são realizadas de forma a garantir funcionamento correto do algoritmo que foi implementado em código C com matemática de ponto fixo. A implementação foi realizada utilizando-se um microcontrolador comercial de baixo custo que não possui hardware para aritmética de ponto flutuante. Um descritivo detalhado da implementação, do sistema de testes e resultados são apresentados ao longo do texto. / This work aims the study and evaluation of a rotor initial angle estimation technique in surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine. The technique of the rotor initial angle estimation is based on pulse injection to the motor. It is also proposed in this work an automatic pulse adjustment algorithm in order to create a generic mechanism to estimate rotor initial angle for the machine type under study. Simulations are performed in order to ensure the proper functionality of the algorithm which was implemented in C code with fixed point mathematics. The implementation was performed using a comercial low cost microcontroller which does not have floating point arithmetic capability. A detailed description of the implementation, test system and results are presented in this text.

Thesis (PhD (Electric and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / Keywords: position sensorless control, torque control, synchronous machines The work in this thesis deals with energy e cient torque control and rotor position estimation in the full speed range, for a family of synchronous machines that should be used more often in the near future. This family consists of the permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), the reluctance synchronous machine (RSM), the interior-PMSM and the PMassisted- RSM. By designing and controlling these synchronous machines correctly, better performance and higher energy e ciency can be expected compared to the performance and e ciency of an industry standard induction machine. However, applications are limited to variable speed drives (VSD) in a certain power range, e.g. below 100kW. With the growing concern and necessity of a better utilization of energy, it is becoming standard to use electronically controlled power converters between the electricity grid and electrical machines. Therefore, there is a very large scope for the implementation of this synchronous machine technology. For traction applications like electrical vehicles, the optimally controlled synchronous machine technology has a very strong position. Very compact and robust synchronous machines with a very high power density can be designed that may out-perform the induction machine by far. However, one major requirement for most applications is position sensorless control, i.e. rotor position estimation in the whole speed range. To achieve energy e cient torque control, maximum torque per Ampere (MTPA) control should be implemented. It is possible to achieve MTPA control at low speed, but above the rated speed of the machine, eld weakening needs to be performed. The question is how to implement MTPA and e ective eld weakening for any value of speed and DC bus voltage and for any machine within this family of synchronous machines. In this thesis a method is explained to achieve this goal using results from nite element (FE) analysis directly. The scheme may be implemented within a very short period of time. The contribution of this thesis is a general understanding of the problems at hand, with an in-depth view into the mathematical representation of synchronous machines, a generic method of energy e cient torque control and a thorough study of rotor position and speed estimation methods.