No description available.

The operational management of Water Distribution Systems (WDS), particularly under failure conditions when the behaviour of a WDS is not well understood, is a challenging problem. The research presented in this thesis describes the development of a methodology for risk-based diagnostics of failures in WDS and its application in a near real-time Decision Support System (DSS) for WDS’ operation. In this thesis, the use of evidential reasoning to estimate the likely location of a burst pipe within a WDS by combining outputs of several models is investigated. A novel Dempster-Shafer model is developed, which fuses evidence provided by a pipe burst prediction model, a customer contact model and a hydraulic model to increase confidence in correctly locating a burst pipe. A new impact model, based on a pressure driven hydraulic solver coupled with a Geographic Information System (GIS) to capture the adverse effects of failures from an operational perspective, is created. A set of Key Performance Indicators used to quantify impact, are aggregated according to the preferences of a Decision Maker (DM) using the Multi-Attribute Value Theory. The potential of distributed computing to deliver a near real-time performance of computationally expensive impact assessment is explored. A novel methodology to prioritise alarms (i.e., detected abnormal flow events) in a WDS is proposed. The relative significance of an alarm is expressed using a measure of an overall risk represented by a set of all potential incidents (e.g., pipe bursts), which might have caused it. The DM’s attitude towards risk is taken into account during the aggregation process. The implementation of the main constituents of the proposed risk-based pipe burst diagnostics methodology, which forms a key component of the aforementioned DSS prototype, are tested on a number of real life and semi-real case studies. The methodology has the potential to enable more informed decisions to be made in the near real-time failure management in WDS.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-05-30T15:00:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2524003 bytes, checksum: 3ec03fda406c0d9726b86edb7827ece9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-30T15:00:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2524003 bytes, checksum: 3ec03fda406c0d9726b86edb7827ece9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-31 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / To ensure the supply of the population with the conscious use of hydraulic and electrical resources. This is the present challenge of managers and water supply companies. In a society increasingly aware and concerned about the increase of unbridled consumption, the possibility of efficient use of indispensable resources for human development comes as an incentive to fostering new technologies and research. This paper proposes the use of fuzzy logic as robust control system, which was applied on a test rig that simulates the supply of a network with two different topographical pressure zones. Controllers are important tools in the operation of automated processes aimed at carrying out an operation, in order to make the most of the tools and equipment that make up a system. In this research, we developed two controllers, one applicable in a decentralized system and the other to a centralized system. The controller objective is to ensure the operating pressures in two topographical zones through the control of the drive system‟s frequency, formed by a motor pump assembly; and through the angulation of a pressure reducing valve located before the lower zone. The reported results were promising since, for the two different systems, the controller could perform, taking the pressure at their reference values, reducing the energy consumption when compared to a system with no controller. / Garantir o abastecimento da população concomitante ao uso consciente dos recursos hidráulicos e energéticos. Esse é o presente desafio dos gestores e das companhias de abastecimento de água. Em uma sociedade cada vez mais consciente e preocupada com o andamento do consumo desenfreado, a possibilidade de utilização eficiente de recursos indispensáveis ao desenvolvimento humano surge como incentivo ao desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias e pesquisas. Esse trabalho propõe a utilização da lógica fuzzy como sistema de controle robusto, que foi aplicada em uma bancada experimental que simula o abastecimento de uma rede com duas zonas de pressão com topográficas diferenciadas. Os controladores são ferramentas importantes na operação de processos automatizados que visam à realização de determinada operação de maneira a aproveitar ao máximo as ferramentas e equipamentos que compõe um sistema. Nessa pesquisa foram desenvolvidos dois controladores, um aplicável em um sistema descentralizado e outro aplicável a um sistema centralizado. O objetivo do controlador é garantir as pressões de serviço nas duas zonas topográficas, a partir do controle da frequência do sistema de impulsão, formado por um conjunto motor bomba; e da angulação de uma válvula redutora de pressão situada a montante da zona baixa. Os resultados apresentados mostraram-se promissores, visto que para os dois diferentes sistemas, o controlador conseguiu atuar, levando as pressões aos seus valores de referência, reduzindo o consumo energético, quando comparadas ao sistema sem controlador.

The master thesis is focused on the design of sanitary technical installations and pipeline in the pension for the elderly, in the cadastral area of Hodonín city. The pension is located in a plane terrain and is designed with four storeys, a partial basement and 3 aboveground floors. There are staff facilities, changing rooms, technical facilities, offices, gym, laundry, furniture storeroom, tool storeroom and maintenance room in underground floor. On the first floor there are kitchen, various storerooms, doctor, nursing facilities,meeting rooms and in the third part of the building are rooms for seniors. From the second to third floor there are rooms for seniors, doctor, nursing facilities, meeting rooms and dining rooms. The theoretical part deals with the issue of the occurrence of Legionell. The calculation and project part solves the sewerage, water supply and gas distribution in the given building.

The topic of this diploma thesis is to design water chiller for ceiling cooling system. The thesis is divided into four main parts. The first part deals with the theoretical description of emitting cooling systems. The following part focuses on the theory of refrigerating systems and describes especially the thermal cycle and refrigerants which are used in cooling systems. In the third chapter refrigerating equipment are described. Compressor, heat exchangers and expansion valves belong to the main parts of refrigerating systems. The final chapter is devoted to the draft and selection of components of the refrigerating system.

The water footprint is a multidimensional indicator which was created to quantify the total volume of freshwater used for various purposes. With the water footprint it is possible to determine the volume and type of water used directly and indirectly during the production in a given place and time. The data related to the water footprints of products are utilized in the evaluation of the international trade with goods, too (a concept of virtual water used for the analysis of water stress export out of the country which imports water-intensive products). The greatest amount of water is used globally in the agriculture, so the agricultural products are the ones with the highest water footprints. The focus of concern is the water footprint of an agriculture production and the aim of this work is to bring the first results regarding the water footprint of the cow milk in the Czech Republic and also to evaluate a methodology of its calculation. Two dairy farms dealing with a market production of milk from the Liberec region were chosen for the research. The farm Rváčov is oriented to an intensive milk production and on the other hand the farm Bzí is a system with mixed elements of extensive and intensive characters of the dairy production. For the comparison of the milk production effectiveness we have...

Thesis (MSc (Paraclinical Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print format.

This work deals with the design, realization and testing of the system for regulating the temperature of the water in an industrial environment using three-way mixing valve. This system can work autonomously, but also can be controlled by a superior control system. Created temperature regulation can be adjusted and controlled by a computer using control software.

This diploma thesis deals reconstruction of sanitation installations in an apartment building in Brno. It is a multi-storey building which is intended mainly for living. The theoretical part deals individual ways of preparation hot water in the apartment buildings. The experimental part deals measurement consumption hot water in the apartment building. Calculating and design part contains a proposal of sewerage system, piping system and linking up of the object on present engineering systems. The diploma thesis also focuses on possible options and re-quested specifics. The diploma thesis was arranged in accordance with present-day valid norms and regulations.

Die Signale des Global Positioning Systems (GPS) ermöglichen nicht nur die präzise Positionsbestimmung an jedem Ort der Erde, sondern enthalten auch Informationen über den Wasserdampfgehalt der Atmosphäre. Aus diesen Informationen kann mit Hilfe tomographischer Verfahren die dreidimensionale Wasserdampfverteilung in der Troposphäre rekonstruiert werden. Dabei ist es von besonderem Interesse, wie zuverlässig die Wasserdampfverteilung alleine aus den Daten bodengestützter GPS-Netzwerke, d. h. ohne die Einbeziehung von Low Earth Orbitern (LEOs) oder von Wettersatelliten, bestimmt werden kann. Zu diesem Zweck werden GPS-Daten für unterschiedliche GPS-Netzwerke simuliert und auf ihre Eignung für eine tomographische Rekonstruktion untersucht. Besonders der Zusammenhang zwischen der Anzahl der Satelliten, der Stationsdichte und der in der tomographischen Rekonstruktion erreichbaren Auflösung ist dabei von großer Bedeutung. Aus diesem Grund erfolgt zunächst eine geometrische Bewertung der GPS-Eingangsdaten. Die Rekonstruktion eines 3D-Feldes und die dabei auftretenden Abweichungen zwischen dem originalen und dem rekonstruierten Feld werden abschließend an einem Beispiel dargestellt. / The signals of the global positioning system (GPS) can not only be used to obtain the precise position all over the world but carry also information about the water vapour distribution in the atmosphere. This 3D distribution can be reconstructed from the GPS data by means of tomographic techniques. Of special interest is the quality of the reconstructed 3D distribution using data from GPS ground stations alone, without regarding low earth orbiters (LEOs) and weather satellites. Therefore, GPS data have been simulated for different model networks. A subsequent data validation shows the correlation between the number of GPS satellites, the density of ground stations and the spatial resolution of the water vapour field which might be obtained from a tomographic reconstruction. Some selected data sets have been used to reconstruct a given 3D distribution and to analyse variations between the initial model field and the results obtained with different tomographic techniques.