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Master of Science / Department of Journalism and Mass Communications / Hyunseung Jin / With regards to the third-person effect, the purpose of this paper is to answer the fundamental question ‘who are others?’ when assessing the perceived effects of anti-tobacco advertising and cigarette advertising. The particular interest in this study is investigation of the underlying mechanism of the third-person effect between non-smokers and smokers by applying the social comparison theory to the third-person effect. Findings indicate that, in terms of overall third-person effect judgments, people are inclined to consider as others those persons sharing similar demographic characteristics including gender, race, and age. However, in terms of smoking status, people have a tendency to contrast themselves with other smokers rather than non-smokers, regardless of whether or not they themselves smoke. Moreover, the first-person effect toward an anti-tobacco advertisement was found amongst non-smokers, but it was not found amongst smokers. The magnitude of the third-person toward a cigarette-advertisement effect was greater among non-smokers than it was among smokers.

Uniqueness and complexity of military news usually enrich and enhance the significance of the news. Sometimes simple issues are even further elaborated to become negative turmoil and multiple matters. The navy, being in a rapidly changing and multiple-form society, has been expressed in different forms by media of different natures. Sometimes, the navy is even perceived with different ideologies according to descriptions of different media. Ways that the officers and men of the navy as well as the general public view the negative news of the military and the impacts are worth further attention. Hence, this research, based on applications and perspectives of the relevant mass communication theory, is performed by quantifying the questionnaires, and investigates the impact of negative news on officers and men of the navy as well as the third-person effect. In addition, the relationship between the third-person effect and supports of media control. This research has managed to derive four conclusions: The first finding is the verification of existence of ¡§the third-person effect¡¨, i.e. people generally think that the impact of negative naval news on others is greater than that of oneself. The second finding is that the greater the perception of the third-person effect by the interviewed officers and men of the navy, the greater is the willingness to be inclined to controlling the mass media so as to mitigate the negative effects of the negative news about the navy on the general public. The third important finding is that the variable, population, presents a certain degree of relevancy to the third-person effect. This result is the same as the results of other researches. With regard to the perception of the third-person effect by oneself, other officers and men and the general public, the rank, seniority, and education of the population variable present respective obvious relevancy. In particular, age level appears in the third-person effect on ¡§other officers and men¡¨ and ¡§the general public¡¨, showing that the age level has greater impact on the perception of the third-person effect by the navy officers and men. The last important finding is about the information source. Television is the main source of information for most of the navy officers and men. Internet has surpassed newspaper as the second source of information, which is slightly different when compared to the past researches. This finding is thus worth further investigation in future work.

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Syftet med studien är att undersöka till vilken utsträckning människor upplever att de påverkas av media i sina attityder och åsikter kring politik, Och studera åldersskillnader mellan åldersgrupperna 18-25 och 65+. Vi ville även undersöka vilken inverkan medias politiska rapportering har på respondenterna. Det gjordes en kvantitativ undersökning i form av en enkätstudie. Enkäter delades ut till 104 respondenter, 52 i åldersgruppen 18-25 och 52 i åldersgruppen 65+. Resultatet visade att det finns vissa ålderskillnader i hur espondenterna upplever påverkan från media i sina politiska åsikter. De äldre upplever att de litar mer på TV och radio än internet medan yngre i större utsträckning litar på internet. Respondenterna visade tendenser till att uppleva att andra människor påverkas mer av media än vad de själva anser sig göra. / The purpose of the study is to investigate to what extent people experience influence from media and how that affects their attitudes and opinions towards politics, And explore age differences between the age groups 18-25 and 65+. We also wanted to study what influence political media coverage has on the respondents. A quantitative study was made in form of questionnaires that were handed out to 104 respondents, 52 to the age group 18-25 and 52 the age group 65+. The result showed that there are some significant age differences in the experiences of media influence on political views. The older people had a tendency to trust TV and radio more than internet while younger people trust internet to a greater extent. The respondents showed tendencies to believe that other people are more influenced by media than themselves.

This study explores whether the third-person effect caused by the Pap smear advertisements appear & if they turn viewers into actions. The degree that the advertisements effect on third-person effect is focused, as a reference for the government when they¡¦d like to make more effective advertisements, instead of putting all the slogans & appeals together. The result shows: Advertising appeal¡]positive / negative¡^ & direct / indirect wording influences third/first-person effect ,while sexual attitude of audience doesn¡¦t. Because of the privacy of pap smear test, the research didn¡¦t find the relation between third/first person perception & behavior intention.

This study explores whether the third-person effect caused by the published article in the Ptt Gossiping bulletin board. And the follow-up support to restrict the inappropriate content in the Ptt Gossiping bulletin board. Source of this study is use recommended system detected written by Expect language. It would detect popular articles and published articles. Pick a representative to do the test article.and place in the survey questionnaire online. The result shows: All of the four article have third person effect. Affect the follow¡Ðup support restrict the behavior of inappropriate content.

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A media studies survey was conducted among university graduate students to study immigrants' attitudes toward advertising under various acculturation conditions. A total of 358 valid responses were collected. The study supported our hypothesis that immigrants have more positive attitudes than Americans do and it also showed that the level of positiveness varies according to different acculturation status. The study also found a larger third-person effect for immigrants than for Americans.

This research seeks to determine if there is a third-person effect in the realm of controversial product advertising. A questionnaire was designed based on previous research and distributed to a convenience sample of college students at the University of Central Florida. Participants were asked to rate their perceived levels of personal offense to product categories as well as the expected levels of other groups of people. The results show that there is indeed a significant third-person effect recognized for all product categories except for racial extremist groups. A first-person effect was shown to be present for the category of racial extremist groups. This research also suggests that a concealed third-person effect may have been present in previous studies of this nature that obtained high levels of offense attributed to the self. Discussions of the findings, implications for marketers and advertisers, limitations to the study, as well as suggestions for future research are also posited.