Orientador: Ana Paula Rosifini Alves Claro / Coorientador: Maria Cristina Rosifini Alves Rezende / Banca: Roberto Zenhei Nakazato / Banca: Estevão Tomomitsu Kimpara / Banca: Cecilia Amelia de Carvalho Zagaglia / Resumo: Titânio CP e a liga Ti6Al4V são amplamente empregados na fabricação de componentes para aplicações biomédicas. No entanto, estes materiais podem causar problemas de saúde em função da liberação de íons metálicos citotóxicos e reabsorção do osso adjacente devido a grande diferença entre o modulo de elasticidade do material e osso. Esses fatores têm levado ao desenvolvimento de novas ligas de titânio e também de novas técnicas de modificação de superfície. Amostras da liga experimental Ti-30Ta na forma de discos com 13 mm de diâmetro e 3 mm de espessura foram empregadas nesse estudo. O processo de anodização foi realizado sob tensão de 15V, 25V e 35V e tempos de 20 e 40 min em eletrólito formado por HF/H2SO4 com adição de dimetil sulfóxido (DMSO). A calcinação das amostras foi realizada a 530ºC durante 3 h. As superfícies foram avaliadas empregando-se MEV-FEG, EDS e a molhabilidade avaliada com ângulo de contato. Todas as condições avaliadas apresentam superfície hidrofílica. Nanotubos de Ti-30Ta foram obtidos na condição 35V-40 mim apresentado 100 nm de comprimento e 80-100 nm de diâmetro. A biocompatibilidade da liga Ti-30Ta com nanotubos foi avaliada após 24 e 72 horas de cultura celular com fibroblastos dérmicos humanos (HDF, neonatal). A adesão e proliferação celular, viabilidade, organização do citoesqueleto e morfologia celular foram investigadas por meio de imagens de microscópio de fluorescência, ensaios bioquímicos e MEV-FEG. Análise celular demonstrou aumento significativo na adesão e proliferação celular, viavilidade, alongamento e produção de matriz extracelular de fibroblastos na superfície da liga Ti-30Ta com nanotubos após 72 horas de cultura celular... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In the last years, titanium and theirs alloys have been used in dental applications due their excellent properties such as corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. However, these materials are considered bioinerts and due to your poor physiological integration that may result in fibrous encapsulation and further biomaterial rejection. Ti-30Ta alloys, for use in biomedical applications are the subject of this research. The aim is to discover optimal alloy proportions for tissue-like mechanical properties and improved biocompatibility. Of the alloys tested, 30% Ta with Ti exhibits favorable properties including a low elastic modulus, improved strain-resistance and increased elongation to failure. Recent studies have identified strong correlations between anodized metals and the production of highly biomimetic nanoscale topographies. These surfaces provide an interface of enhanced biocompatibility that exhibits a high degree of oxidation and surface energy. In this study, the mechanical substrate and topographical surface properties of anodized Ti-30Ta alloy were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energydispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and contact angle measurement. The anodization process was performed in an electrolyte solution containing HF (48%) and H2SO4 (98%) in the volumetric ratios 1:9 with the addition of 5% dimethyl sulfóxido (DMSO) at 15V, 25V and 35V for 20 and 40 min, producing a nanotube architecture when anodized at 35V for 40 min. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDF, neonatal) were utilized to evaluate the biocompatibility of Ti-30Ta nanotubes after 24 and 72 hours of culture. Cellular adhesion, proliferation, viability, cytoskeletal organization and morphology were investigated using fluorescence microscope imaging, biochemical assay and SEM imaging respectively... (Complete abstract click eletronic access below) / Doutor

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering, July 2015 / ABSTRACT Solid titanium (Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V (wt.%) materials were fabricated from powders using spark plasma sintering (SPS), cold isostatic press (CIP) and sinter, layered (rapid) manufacturing, centrifugal and vacuum casing. ASTM Grade 4 Ti, Al and V, 60Al-40V (wt.%) and the pre-alloyed Ti-6Al-4V powders were used as starting materials. The solid Ti and Ti-6Al-4V materials produced by the SPS were compared to the CIP and sinter method on the basis of density, microstructure and chemistry. The materials produced by the CIP and sinter method were also compared to those produced by vacuum casting method on the basis of microstructure, oxygen pick-up, chemistry and room temperature tensile properties. Centrifugal casting was compared to the vacuum casting technique on the basis of microstructural homogeneity. Rapid manufacturing was compared to SPS and CIP and sinter on the basis of microstructural homogeneity, density and tensile properties. The tensile properties of all materials were also compared to their commercial counterparts to investigate the effect of interstitial oxygen. The technology resulting in materials with superior properties was finally identified as most promising for commercial production of Ti-based materials. On the basis of densification, the SPS method appears superior compared to the CIP and sinter and rapid manufacturing method due to the benefit of pressure aided sintering, while the rapid manufacturing method is superior to the CIP and sinter method due to the use of a high power laser resulting in high densification rates. In cases where microstructural homogeneity is the key requirement, the CIP and sinter and rapid manufacturing methods appear superior compared to the SPS method due to longer isothermal holding time and higher sintering temperature and the use of pre-alloyed Ti-6Al-4V powder, respectively. On the basis of oxygen pick-up and additional contamination, the vacuum casting route is inferior due to the tendency of melt-crucible interaction, resulting in the dissociation of ZrO2 and subsequent pick-up of O and Zr. Based on the homogeneity of the microstructure, centrifugal casting is better than vacuum casting. The ductility of vacuum cast Ti was better than that of CIP and sintered Ti, possibly due to limited diffusion of oxygen from the crucible compared to oxygen absorbed from the controlled atmosphere during CIP and sinter. The vacuum casting of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy resulted in dissolution of oxygen and Zr due to melt-crucible interaction. Hence the ductility was worse compared to the alloy produced by CIP and sinter. The rapidly manufactured Ti-6Al-4V specimens exhibited superior ductility and strength compared to all alloys produced by other methods due to the use of high purity starting powder. The tensile properties of these specimens were also comparable to standard requirements. The similarity of the tensile properties of wrought Ti-6Al-4V alloy reported in the literature was an indication of limited oxygen pick-up during rapid manufacturing. Therefore based on low oxygen pick-up, microstructural homogeneity, high density and superior tensile properties, the rapid manufacturing route appears to be the most promising approach for commercial processing of titanium based materials.

Ti3Al based intermetallic alloys are attractive for aerospace and aircraft applications due to their superior high temperature properties. Excellent high temperature superplasticity in the Ti3Al-Nb based alloy has been widely published. However, the alloys become brittle and hard to deform at temperatures below 600oC so that low temperature superplasticity is difficult to develop. In the current super

published_or_final_version / Mechanical Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Also available in print.

Thesis (M.D. Sc.)--University of Melbourne, School of Dental Science, 1998. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Texas at El Paso, 2008. / Title from title screen. Vita. CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.