From an online consumers' point of view, explore the online shopping behavioural changes in Sweden that could be caused by covid-19 and investigate through Theory of Planned Behaviour if the changes would affect consumers' online shopping intention in Sweden after the pandemic.

This study focuses on the implementation of Learning Management System (LMS) in the higher education sector in Iraq. Its aim is to develop a policy adoption framework for LMS implementation by scientifically investigating LMS adoption using a model that combines the principles of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework. The research methodology comprises of seven stages that adopts the interpretive paradigm and a mixed-methods research design. A case study design is used to investigate LMS integration in the University of Al-Qadisiyah. A TAM-TOE questionnaire is developed for the academic staff of the University of Al-Qadisiyah, in which the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of LMS are analysed in the case organisation. The technological, organisational, and environmental aspects of LMS implementation are also examined. The survey received valid responses from 283 academic staff. In-depth semi-structured interviews of 8 academics, administrative staff and IT personnel contributed to the qualitative data. The survey respondents are selected using stratified sampling whilst purposive sampling is used to select the interview participants. The questionnaire data was analysed using correlation analysis, whilst thematic analysis is used for the interview data. The study identifies the barriers to LMS implementation as: Lack of or limited teachers’ training, lack of commitment to constructivist pedagogy, lack of experience to use the new technology, lack of technical support, and lack of appropriate educational software. These results feed into the policy framework design. The contribution to research knowledge includes the creation of a new adoption model derived from TAM and TOE to examine the LMS implementation barriers in a war recovering economy like Iraq. This approach the integration of academic users’ acceptance with macro-level factors like government support. The results lease to the development of the LMS policy framework to guide policy makers to prioritise their limited LMS investments. The novelty of the work is the bringing together the considerations of the individual users and the socio-economic context.

E-tax is an important function of e-government since it is highly related to the life of citizens (Wu & Chen, 2005). So in this paper I have discussed the factors influence the citizen adoption of government e-tax service. I have used the decomposed TPB model as my research model. This model integrated two important theories – TAM model and TPB model. The taxpayers were divided into adopters who have used the e-tax service and non-adopter who has used the conventional method to pay their tax. And the effect of these factors for adopters and non-adopters are different. Therefore, understand the factors’ effect can help governments formulate the corresponding measures to promote more citizens to use the e-tax service and lead to better planning and implementation of e-tax service.

Background The covid-19 pandemic has been an inescapable tragedy that affects all countries and their economic systems. Due to Covid-19, e-commerce has risen and people more and more purchase goods online. Therefore, it's critical to identify and assess the effects of these behavioral changes on Swedish customers' online purchase intentions and to evaluate the impact on future intentions for online shopping. Purpose From an online consumers’ perspective, investigate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on customer buying behavior towards online shopping explored through the Theory of Planned Behavior. Method In this thesis qualitative methodology is used by the authors which has been noticed by using an inductive approach that is based on positivism and it involved 10 semi-structured interviews with Swedish customers in different cities of various ages. Conclusion Based on the results, it is observed that there is a slight increase in Swedish customers' online shopping levels during the Covid-19 pandemic, but many of our participants' behaviors do not appear to indicate that the pandemic has had a significant impact on their online shopping habits. Instead, other components of the TPB model appear to be having a greater impact on our respondents' future intentions.