Colloidal solvents, containing dispersed nanometer (~1-100 nm) sized particles, are categorized as nanofluids. With the growing heat loads in engineering systems that exceed the current technological limits, nanofluids are considered as an attractive option for more efficient heat removal for thermal management applications. Recent results reported in the literature show that the thermo-physical properties of coolants are enhanced considerably when seeded with very minute concentrations of nanoparticles. Hence, nanofluids research has provoked interest in thermal management applications. The convective heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids are reported in this study. Exfoliated graphite nanoparticles were dispersed in poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) at concentrations of 0.3% and 0.6% (by weight). The heat flux into a convective cooling apparatus was monitored and the results for nanofluid and the base fluid are presented. Thermo-physical properties of the nanofluid were measured and compared with the base fluid. The thermo-physical properties of the fluid are observed to increase with the addition of the nanoparticles. The specific heat of nanofluid was increased by ~50% compared to PAO. The thermal diffusivity was enhanced by ~400% compared to PAO. The viscosity of the nanofluid was enhanced by 10-1000 times compared to PAO. The viscosity of the nanofluid was observed to increase with temperature while the viscosity of PAO decreases with temperature. The convective heat flux was enhanced by the nanofluids by up to ~8 % for experiments performed at different heat inputs. The experimental results show that the convective heat transfer enhancement potentially results from the precipitation of nanoparticles on the heated surface and results in enhanced heat transfer surfaces (“nano-fins”).

The current packaging trend toward smaller and thinner package has pushed the manufacturing technology to the limit. Due to fast development of encapsulation technology, the need for shortening factory time and upgrading technological ability are vital to promote companys¡¦ competitiveness. Most of IC packing factory are expanding resources to adapt on the technology development needs. Technology transfer methods are utilized to effectively cope with the technology trend. This research takes technology suppliers, characters of the technology and receivers of technology as three major independent variables. In other words, the negative effect of the absorptive capacity can be reduced effectively by using proper technology transfer mechanism and thus achieving satisfactory performance. In the technology transfer process , in-depth factors other than existing procedures and rules are considered. This will affect the effectiveness and goals of the transfer. Besides, the technology characteristics and technology transfer performance are related to each other. The knowledge and ability to technology transfer with shorter gap between technology provider and accepter, help developing new products and improving management process with consolidated firm competitiveness and has become the significant theme of the 21st century. Keyword: Technology transfer¡BIC Package

Abstract Two 11th centuries are knowledge economic era, and organization is to individual, create and exert knowledge technology, will become enterprise competition's hinge, on the other hand, organize need to depend on individual to bring forth knowledge, but individual need organization stand by and supply proper environment too, to aggrandizes individual create knowledge motivation, and depend on organization construct integral source net to impel knowledge create process concretize. But enterprise value locality, often consist in hide at personal wisdom mode in, hard to dig ¡CHide in personal in hide knowledge, if can not convert act for organizational knowledge, then knowledge will as personnel leaves but leave organization, result in company wisdom asset's abatement ¡CBut permeate knowledge group's operation under, assistant to enterprise catch personnel in hide knowledge and create organization value best style true. Permeate this research, bring up five biggest research discover, cent mention as follow : discover a, group member skill multiformity assistants to group abidingly operate; Discover two, group inside interacts machine-made establish, benefit to believe in share culture establish; Discover three, usually group activity chief aim consists in hold together relation, establish believe in relationship network unbleached linen; Discover four, organization should intervene group's operation too, encourage formally come up to informal group machine-made; Discover five, practice group's operation, support troop's concept. So, permeate enterprise reality tusk knowledge group's operation under, satisfy organize functional requirement to knowledge management, assistant manufacture innovate, settle problem, disseminate optimum real tusk and impart ingoing personnel with innovation ¡CBut thereinto let members is willing to bring forth knowledge share machine-made appear, critical then consist in believe in machine-made establish ¡CBecause group between has this layer belief's relation, while thereinto certain group member meets problem, can hasten move it participant relative group at problematic guide below, begin make knowledge creation, share with transfer ¡CSo we can say, problematic bring forth will initiate knowledge group close interaction, transform for practice group. Therefore this research think enterprise should as reality tusk group act for ordinary basic framework, at abidingly cultivate expertise with interpersonal belief net unbleached linen establish basis ¡CBy the time problem bring forth time, can settle problem and will should problem-solving style or experience inherit down quickly ¡CSo, can complement tradition be steping function case troop's insufficient place.

This paper studies how outsourcing decision affects technology transfer, productive performance, and input composition. We estimate the impact of outsourcing on the Taiwan¡¦s Information Technology Industries by using a flexible (translog) function to represent. Comparing the channels of technology transfer ¡V export, purchasing technology, selling technology-, and export has stronger effect than purchasing technology. Selling technology may be uncertain. Outsourcing out and in improve firms¡¦ productivity. The impact of outsourcing out on labor demand will be uncertain. There are four industries increasing labor demand and two industries decreasing labor demand. Most Information Technology industries are complementary to labor.

Although the pharmaceutical industry in Taiwan is not at large, there exist such two hundreds companies in this industry. In the past decade, such industrial development is unable to keep up with those of more developed countries, for instance, the United States and the United Kingdom. A few reasons behind such fact are due to the high barriers on research and development of the pharmaceutical industry. For those larger pharmaceutical companies, investments on research and development are continuously being attempted. Though such attempted level cannot be compared with those pharmaceutical industries from abroad, it serves as a fine learning model for other companies particularly those of smaller ones to take into considerations. The primary goal behind the study is to explore the development and research of the pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, such finding could provide an important source for other companies and for the government in the future if they plan to develop such type of industry. In order to carry out the study, interview method suggested by the experts will be utilized. First and foremost, related documents and sources on the pharmaceutical industry field both including the developing and technical aspect will be collected. The major points will then be sorted and organized for further study. Next, those managers who specialize in this area will be interviewed; and their opinions and their methodological recognitions will then be analyzed. The study shows that most of these companies belong to the so called small and medium size enterprises. Their methods of modeling acquisition are decisions made by the top managers depending and according to the different situations and different cases. Most companies perceive some common factors like economical motivation, technical motivation and copyright and patent rights as the problems to be emphasized more. Finally, nine questions, comments and related discussion topics from the study are presented. In conclusion, this study suggests two aspects for further research. One is to analyze the feasibility on the possible integration of large-scale pharmaceutical companies in Taiwan and the second one is to develop policies for research and development of pharmaceutical industry. This is to further expand the purpose behind the research.

Abstract Application of knowledge management in the process of technology transfer --- Eternal Corporation as case study. Nowadays, The boundaries of the Enterprise were not division with regional of the geography environments under the global economic system. Even thought, the small company also have a lot of branch office was dispersed in the world; and some new companies also have a world view to use the cheaper labor and production source to service local market nearby. So, there are some benefits on the substantiation system of the produce technology transfer to the other area; short-term that will enhance the local competition; long-term that can continue to master the competition and to innovate products independence. Under the globalization age of the knowledge economic, the knowledge be quickly acquired and effectively control that will be one of the route to create the value and to master the advantage of the competition for enterprise. Therefore, there are so many different modes to aim the character of the knowledge as the knowledge creation, knowledge transfer and knowledge acquired. In this thesis I will research that how to use the applicable and effective of the knowledge acquired mode for the applied of the knowledge management mode; that will avoid waste of the resource and also assist enterprise to manager and apply the knowledge that it get. Let the core ability will been complete transfer rapidly and to go a step further the technology innovation. According to the state of the research motive as above that this study was through the document confer and case study of the technology transfer in the enterprise expect to obtain some of the research objective as below: First, via the document confer to integrate the mode of the technology transfer and the frame of the knowledge management. Second, to analyze the relationship of reciprocal action between the transfer of the core technology and knowledge management that will be valid used the frame of the knowledge management proceed to the next step. Also it could to accelerate the technology transfer. Third, via the case study of the technology transfer, to confer the valid applied the mode of the knowledge management in the different phase when technology transfer. Fourth, to analyze the difference compared with the step of the process when doing the technology transfer, and offer enterprise for reference.

A numerical prediction using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method (DSMC)has been performed on low speed gas flows through a short parallel plate microchannel(L/Dh=6). Computations were carried out for nitrogen, argon, and helium gas. Micro pressure driven flows are simulated with the inlet value of the Knudsen numbers ranging from 0.09 to 0.2. The effects of varying pressure, wall temperature, inlet flow and gas transport properties on the wall heat transfer, pressure and velocity distribution were examined. Friction factors and heat transfer from the channel were also calculated and compared with those of previous studies. Finally, the averaged Nusselt number was correlated in a simple form of the averaged Peclet number and Knudsen number in the transition flow regime.

This study experimentally investigates the effects of rotation, the buoyancy force, and the channel aspect ratio on heat transfer in two-pass rotating rectangular channels. The experiments are conducted with two surface conditions: smooth walls and 45?? angled ribbed walls. The channel aspect ratios include 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4. Four Reynolds numbers are studied: 5000, 10000, 25000 and 40000. The rotation speed is fixed at 550 rpm for all tests, and for each channel, two channel orientations are studied: 90?? and 45?? or 135??, with respect to the plane of rotation. Rib turbulators are placed on the leading and trailing walls of the channels at an angle of 45?? to the flow direction. The ribs have a 1.59 by 1.59 mm square cross section, and the rib pitch-to-height ratio (P/e) is 10 for all tests. The effects of the local buoyancy parameter and channel aspect ratio on the regional Nusselt number ratio are presented. Pressure drop data are also measured for both smooth and ribbed channels in rotating and non-rotating conditions. The results show that increasing the local buoyancy parameter increases the Nusselt number ratio on the trailing surface and decreases the Nusselt number ratio on the leading surface in the first pass for all channels. However, the trend of the Nusselt number ratio in the second pass is more complicated due to the strong effect of the 180?? turn. Results are also presented for this critical turn region of the two-pass channels. In addition to these regions, the channel averaged heat transfer, friction factor, and thermal performance are determined for each channel. With the channels having comparable Nusselt number ratios, the 1:4 channel has the superior thermal performance because it incurs the least pressure penalty. In this study, the author is able to systematically analyze, correlate, and conclude the thermal performance comparison with the combination of rotation effects on five different aspect ratio channels with both smooth walls and rib turbulated walls.

The research focuses on testing the heat transfer enhancement in a channel for different spacing of the rib turbulators. Those ribs are put on the surface in the two pass rectangular channel with an aspect ratio of AR=1:2. The cross section of the rib is 1.59 x 1.59 mm. Those ribs are put on the leading and trailing walls of the channel with the angle of flow attack to the mainstream of 45°. The rotating speed is fixed at 550-RPM with the channel orientation at β=90°. Air is used as the coolant through the cooling passage with the coolant-to-wall density ratio ( ρ ρ ∆ ) maintained around 0.115 in the first pass and 0.08 in the second pass. The Reynolds numbers are controlled at 5000, 10000, 25000, and 40000. The rib spacing-to-height ratios (P/e) are 3, 5, 7.5, and 10. The heat transfer coefficient and friction factor are measured to determine the effect of the different rib distributions. Stationary cases and rotational cases are examined and compared. The result shows that the highest thermal performance is P/e=5 for the stationary case and P/e=7.5 for the rotating case.

In this thesis, turbulent forced convective heat transfer downstream of blockages with elongated holes in a rectangular channel was studied. The rectangular channel has a width-to-height ratio of 12:1. The blockages have the same cross section as that of the channel. The diameter of all elongated holes of the blockages is three quarters of the channel height. The blockages are classified into two different types with two different hole-to-blockage area ratios (ratio of total crosssectional area of holes to cross-sectional surface area of the blockage) of 0.5 or 0.6. For each hole-to-blockage area ratio, the blockages are again subdivided into three different cases using three different aspect ratios (hole-width-to-height ratio) which are determined by the number of holes four, six, and eight holes per blockage. Experiments for total six different cases of blockages were performed under a uniform wall temperature condition (50C). The experiments were conducted at three different Reynolds numbers of about 7,000, 12,000, and 17,000, respectively. Three copper plate heaters with twenty one embedded thermocouples were used to measure the average heat transfer on the surface of channel walls between two consecutive blockages. Results from this study showed that the blockages with elongated holes enhance the average heat transfer by up to 5.06 and 4.08 times that by fully developed turbulent flow through a smooth channel at the same Reynolds numbers for small and large holeto- blockage area ratios, respectively. The friction factor ratios for small and large holeto- blockage area ratios of the blockages reached 345 and 89 times, respectively, that by fully developed turbulent flow through a smooth channel at the same Reynolds numbers. TP (Thermal Performance) values varied from 0.65 to 1.11 depending on cases. According to the results, Case L-2, which has six elongated holes and hole-toblockage area ratio of 0.6, is the best option from the TP point of view. But Case S-2, which also had six elongated holes and hole-to-blockage area ratio of 0.5, can be an alternative when more weight should be put on the heat transfer enhancement than TP value.