by Wu Fung Leung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-95). / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Notations --- p.ii / Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1 --- Preliminaries --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1 --- Formulations of Harmonic Maps --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2 --- Function Spaces --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3 --- Penalized Equations --- p.13 / Chapter 2 --- Main Lemmas --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1 --- Short Time Existence --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2 --- Energy Inequalities --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3 --- The Monotonicity Inequalities --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4 --- e - Regularity Theorem --- p.30 / Chapter 3 --- The Compact Case --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1 --- Existence and Regularity for dim M = 2 --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2 --- Existence and Regularity for dim M ≥ 2 --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3 --- Blow-up Results --- p.61 / Chapter 3.4 --- Existence of Harmonic maps --- p.69 / Chapter 4 --- The Noncompact Case --- p.74 / Chapter 4.1 --- Heat-flows from Rm --- p.75 / Chapter 4.2 --- Basic Lemmas --- p.77 / Chapter 4.3 --- Nonpositive Curvature Target Manifolds --- p.83 / Chapter 4.4 --- Dirichlet Problem at Infinity --- p.88 / Bibliography --- p.92

Pun-Mo Ho. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-95). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Existing Approaches --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Our Approach --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Structure of the Thesis --- p.4 / Chapter 2 --- Related Work --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Compression for Navigation --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Light Field/Lumigraph --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Surface Light Field --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Concentric Mosaics --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- On the Compression --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Compression for Relighting --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Previous Approaches --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Our Approach --- p.8 / Chapter 3 --- Image-Based Relighting --- p.9 / Chapter 3.1 --- Plenoptic Illumination Function --- p.9 / Chapter 3.2 --- Sampling and Relighting --- p.11 / Chapter 3.3 --- Overview --- p.13 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Codec Overview --- p.13 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Image Acquisition --- p.15 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Experiment Data Sets --- p.16 / Chapter 4 --- Data Preparation --- p.18 / Chapter 4.1 --- Block Division --- p.18 / Chapter 4.2 --- Color Model --- p.23 / Chapter 4.3 --- Mean Extraction --- p.24 / Chapter 5 --- Principal Component Analysis --- p.29 / Chapter 5.1 --- Overview --- p.29 / Chapter 5.2 --- Singular Value Decomposition --- p.30 / Chapter 5.3 --- Dimensionality Reduction --- p.34 / Chapter 5.4 --- Evaluation --- p.37 / Chapter 6 --- Eigenimage Coding --- p.39 / Chapter 6.1 --- Transform Coding --- p.39 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Discrete Cosine Transform --- p.40 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Discrete Wavelet Transform --- p.47 / Chapter 6.2 --- Evaluation --- p.49 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Statistical Evaluation --- p.49 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Visual Evaluation --- p.52 / Chapter 7 --- Relighting Coefficient Coding --- p.57 / Chapter 7.1 --- Quantization and Bit Allocation --- p.57 / Chapter 7.2 --- Evaluation --- p.62 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Statistical Evaluation --- p.62 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Visual Evaluation --- p.62 / Chapter 8 --- Relighting --- p.65 / Chapter 8.1 --- Overview --- p.66 / Chapter 8.2 --- First-Phase Decoding --- p.66 / Chapter 8.3 --- Second-Phase Decoding --- p.68 / Chapter 8.3.1 --- Software Relighting --- p.68 / Chapter 8.3.2 --- Hardware-Assisted Relighting --- p.71 / Chapter 9 --- Overall Evaluation --- p.81 / Chapter 9.1 --- Compression of IAIs --- p.81 / Chapter 9.1.1 --- Statistical Evaluation --- p.81 / Chapter 9.1.2 --- Visual Evaluation --- p.86 / Chapter 9.2 --- Hardware-Assisted Relighting --- p.86 / Chapter 10 --- Conclusion --- p.89 / Bibliography --- p.90

The interest in understanding how books move from a Scandinavian source culture to the British target culture has never been greater. This thesis analyses this buoyant demand by tracing the transmission of Scandinavian literature to Britain and its relationship with the British literary market over the past century. Through a series of case studies, the thesis examines what influences the likelihood of transmission and successful reception in Britain; the position of Scandinavian books in the British literary polysystem; how the transmission of Scandinavian books to Britain differs from the transmission to other polysystems; and how the publication practices of translated books have evolved. This approach is supported by an interdisciplinary framework encompassing translation, literary and sociocultural theories: key theoretical strands utilised are Holmes' theory of function-oriented Descriptive Translation Studies, Even-Zohar's polysystem theory, and Heilbron's sociology of translation. In addition, elements of book history and patronage theory are also applied. The thesis comprises five case studies, spanning the years 1917-2017, of which one is Danish (Peter Høeg's Miss Smilla's Feeling for Snow), two are Norwegian (Knut Hamsun's Growth of the Soil and Agnar Mykle's four Ash Burlefoot novels), and two are Swedish (Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö's Martin Beck decalogy, and Stieg Larsson's Millennium series, now continued by David Lagercrantz). Each of these case studies draws upon a wide range of sources, including newspapers, periodicals, archival materials, interview transcripts, industry statistics, and a range of scholarship, in order to provide comprehensive and contextualised insight into the transmission and reception trajectory of its respective subject, exploring the sociological and literary background to both production and reception. The increasing commercialisation of publishing, and more specifically of translated Scandinavian literature, is explored alongside literary and social changes, with emphasis on the tendency for transmission to be most likely at moments of paradigmatic shift in British society. This is especially reflected in the emergence of genre fiction and hybrid forms of writing during the period in question. Taken in combination, the case studies generate significant and original findings by identifying and analysing overarching trends that cannot be established through examining just one case subject or one source language. They both provide an historical account of Scandinavian literary transmission to Britain during the twentieth and early-twenty- first centuries, and they identify and analyse the significant factors involved in that process. The research offers an enhanced understanding of the contemporary situation of the publication of Scandinavian books in Britain.

MSC (Med),Population-Based Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2007 / Objective To compare risk factors between HIV-positive concordant and discordant couples. Study design This is a cross-sectional secondary data analysis study using data from Africa Centre Demographic Information System (ACDIS) database (June 2003 to December 2004) and data from the first round of population-based HIV surveillance conducted by the Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies. Methods Eighty-five HIV-positive concordant couples (both partners were HIV-positive) and 73 discordant couples (one partner was HIV-positive and other partner HIV-negative) were identified and selected from the first round of population-based HIV surveillance conducted from June 2003 to December 2004 in Hlabisa Demographic Surveillance System site. Partners health and sexual behaviour data were collected together with the blood sample for HIV test during the same round. Socio-economic and demographic data of partners were obtained from the ACDIS database and were collected within the same period (June 2003 to December 2004). The behavioural, biological, demographic and socio-economic risk factors for HIVpositive concordance and transmission within discordant couples were analysed. Circumcision and area of residence respectively were the biological and demographic factors considered. Number of household assets was used as a proxy for socioeconomic status. The behavioural factors considered were male condom-use, sexual debut (age at first sex), number of lifetime partners and premarital partners. The age and educational level of partners were considered as potential confounders. 5 RESULTS The uncircumcised men were more likely to be in HIV-positive concordant couples than to be in discordant couples (OR =10.8, 95% CI [1.93 – 60.30], p=0.007). Partners living in urban area were 4.7 times more at risk of being in a HIV-positive concordant relationship than to be in discordant relationship (OR=4.7, 95% CI [2.09 - 10.39], p<0.001). Male not using condom on regular basis with female partners, early sexual debut, greater number of premarital partners, household assets and lifetime partners were found not to be significantly associated with HIV-positive concordance. Conclusion There are several biologic, socio-economic, demographic and behavioural risk factors for HIV-positive concordance. However, identifying some of them might be used to address transmission of HIV among discordant couples through intervention programs. Although cross-sectional studies are not ideal for establishing temporality, this study corroborates the findings of other studies that living in urban areas and circumcision are associated with HIV transmission.

With the advent of the new high Tc superconductors, liquid nitrogen will be one of the preferred cryogens used to cool these materials. Consequently, a more thorough understanding of the heat transfer characteristics of liquid nitrogen is required. In our investigations we examine the transient heating characteristics of liquid nitrogen to states of nucleate and film boiling under different liquid flow conditions. Using a platinum hot wire technique, it is verified that there is a premature transition to film boiling in the transient case at power levels significantly lower than under steady state nucleate boiling conditions. It is also shown that the premature transition can be reduced or eliminated depending on the flow velocity.

The subject to be discussed in this thesis is an experimental problem in heat transfer across a carbon-liquid helium I interface. The interest in this particular problem arose from experimental work first presented by Luce (1) concerning a similar heat transfer problem from a heated bismuth surface immersed in liquid helium. This study produced some interesting results which it was hoped could be duplicated with carbon. The choice of carbon as an alternative material was based on reasons which will be discussed later. Before beginning a detailed discussion of the problem a history of its development and the results which were obtained using bismuth single crystals will first be presented.

The application of thermoacoustic phenomena for cooling purposes has a comparatively short history. However, recent experiments have shown that thermoacoustic refrigeration can achieve practical significance for both every day cooling in households and cryocooling for scientific purposes due to its high reliability, environmental safety and functioning under extreme conditions. We build a thermoacoustic refrigerator driven by a commercial loudspeaker. It was equipped with a vacuum pump and an entrance port for introducing different gases under different pressures as working fluids. It contained two thermocouples and a pressure transducer for quantitative measurements of the basic performance. The resonance frequency of the tube for different gases has been determined and compared to the theoretical value. The temperatures of the hot and the cold heat exchanger have been measured. Also, a simple thermoacoustic oscillator for demonstration purposes was built. After immersing one end in liquid nitrogen or heating up the other end with a bunsen burner it started to oscillate and emit a sound.

No description available.

No description available.

Thermal contact resistance or, its reciprocal, thermal contact conductance is an important parameter in a wide range of thermal phenomena. It plays a significant role in heat transfer applications such as electronic packaging and nuclear reactors. This parameter also appears in fin-tube heat exchangers; however, it is often neglected in the performance calculations of heat exchangers. This thesis project explores the means by which the heat transfer performance of a finned tube heat exchanger may be enhanced. It includes experimental studies and finite element analysis investigating the effects of expansion bullets and coatings on the thermal contact conductance. An apparatus has been designed and fabricated for the experimental part of the work. A finite element model established the fintube configuration to be used in the design and manufacture of the apparatus. The apparatus was specially made for measuring thermal contact conductance directly in a finned-tube heat exchanger both in vacuum and in gaseous environment. The experiments were done on hexagon shaped specimens with a single fin connecting seven tubes. Sixteen type-T thermocouples have been used to measure temperatures at several locations on the specimen. A full-scale quarter-fin model was chosen for a second finite element analysis. The model simulates the actual specimen and predicts the temperatures. The finite element analyses have been used to validate the experimental results. The experimental results from the bare contact specimens, assembled with different sizes of expansion bullet, show that while higher expansions enhance the thermal contact conductance, the effect of interstitial gas such as nitrogen is beneficial for all specimens expanded with the 9.42 mm size bullet. Applying a coating material with high thermal conductivity is also an effective way to enhance the thermal contact conductance. The results show that the highly conductive plating materials, such as zinc, tin, silver and gold, enhance the thermal contact conductance. The presence of interstitial gas such as nitrogen also results in higher heat transfer rates and higher thermal contact conductance compared to those obtained in vacuum.