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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Organisation sous-mitochondriale de l'aspartyl-ARNt synthétase humaine et implication dans le syndrome LBSL / Submitochondrial organization of human mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase and its implication in LBSL disease

Karim, Loukmane 04 October 2016 (has links)
Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse ont eu pour objectif de contribuer à la compréhension du lien entre l’aspartyl-ARNt synthétase mitochondriale (AspRSmt) humaine et le syndrome LBSL, en étudiant les propriétés de cette enzyme au niveau cellulaire. Les objectifs étaient : 1) d’explorer l’organisation de l’AspRSmt dans la mitochondrie (Chapitre 1), 2) d’identifier la forme mature de l’AspRSmt après son import, ainsi que la localisation sous-mitochondriale de cette enzyme (Chapitre 2), 3) d’évaluer l’impact de quelques mutations, impliquées dans le syndrome LBSL, sur les propriétés de l’AspRSmt (Chapitre 3). Nous avons démontré que l’AspRSmt existe sous différentes formes de produits de maturation, et qu’elle est retrouvée, au moins, dans deux complexes, suggérant potentiellement différents partenaires et/ou fonctions pour cette enzyme. Nous avons établi la localisation sous-mitochondriale de l’AspRSmt, et démontré que cette dernière est doublement localisée avec une fraction soluble et une fraction périphérique interagissant avec la membrane. Nous avons également découvert que, sous certaines conditions de stress, l’AspRSmt est relarguée de la mitochondrie et pourrait avoir un lien avec le processus d’apoptose. En outre, nous avons évalué l’impact de quelques mutations, impliquées dans le syndrome LBSL, et trouvé qu’elles n’ont pas d’effet significatif sur les propriétés de l’AspRSmt. L’ensemble des résultats souligne, d’une part, les lacunes restant à combler concernant les propriétés de l’AspRSmt dans la compréhension du lien mutations/pathologie (LBSL), et d’autre part, suggère fortement l’existence d’une éventuelle fonction non canonique (alternative) de l’AspRSmt. / The aim of the PhD project was to contribute to the understanding of the link between mutations in the human mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (mt-AspRS) and LBSL disease, by studying the properties of this enzyme at the cellular level. Our objectives were: 1) to explore the organization of mt-AspRS in mitochondria (Chapter 1), 2) to identify the mature form of mt-AspRS after its import, and to characterize its submitochondrial localization (Chapter 2), 3) to assess, in cellulo, the impact of some LBSL-causing mutations on some properties of mt-AspRS (Chapter 3). We showed that mt-AspRS is processed into different mature forms, and that mt-AspRS belongs to two complexes likely suggesting different partners and/or functions. We demonstrated that mt-AspRS is dually localized with soluble and peripherally membrane-associated fractions. We also demonstrated that, under stress conditions, mt-AspRS is released outside mitochondria with a possible link to the apoptosis. Furthermore, we assessed the impact of some LBSL-causing mutation on some cellular properties of mt-AspRS, and showed that most mutations do not have a significant impact. This underscores the need for more studies about mt-AspRS properties, and strongly suggests a potential non-canonical (alternative) function of the enzyme.
52

Orthogonality and Codon Preference of the Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase-tRNAPyl pair in Escherichia coli for the Genetic Code Expansion

Odoi, Keturah 2012 May 1900 (has links)
Systematic studies of basal nonsense suppression, orthogonality of tRNAPyl variants, and cross recognition between codons and tRNA anticodons are reported. E. coli displays detectable basal amber and opal suppression but shows a negligible ochre suppression. Although detectable, basal amber suppression is fully inhibited when a pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS)-tRNAPyl_CUA pair is genetically encoded. trnaPyl_CUA is aminoacylated by an E. coli aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase at a low level, however, this misaminoacylation is fully inhibited when both PylRS and its substrate are present. Besides that it is fully orthogonal in E. coli and can be coupled with PylRS to genetically incorporate a NAA at an ochre codon, tRNAPyl_UUA is not able to recognize an UAG codon to induce amber suppression. This observation is in direct conflict with the wobble base pair hypothesis and enables using an evolved M. jannaschii tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase-tRNAPyl_UUA pair and the wild type or evolved PylRS-tRNAPyl_UUA pair to genetically incorporate two different NAAs at amber and ochre codons. tRNAPyl_UCA is charged by E. coli tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, thus not orthogonal in E. coli. Mutagenic studies of trnaPyl_UCA led to the discovery of its G73U form which shows a higher orthogonality. Mutating trnaPyl_CUA to trnaPyl_UCCU not only leads to the loss of the relative orthogonality of tRNAPyl in E. coli but also abolishes its aminoacylation by PylRS.

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