No description available.

The purpose of this investigation was to observe the sequential ultrastructural changes in tumor implants of a well established tumor line in isologous mice.

El presente trabajo de investigación está orientado al estudio de los tumores retroperitoneales, que por ser una patología compleja y poco frecuente, requiere manejo por centros hospitalarios de alto nivel de complejidad. Este estudio se ha llevado a cabo en el Servicio de Cirugía de Esófago, Tumores Retroperitoneales y Partes Blandas del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM). La población de estudio son los pacientes que fueron diagnosticados y tratados por tumores retroperitoneales en el Servicio de Cirugía de Esófago, Tumores Retroperitoneales y Partes Blandas del HNERM, en el período Enero 2007 a Diciembre 2012. La recolección de los datos se ha realizado retrospectivamente, mediante la revisión pormenorizada de las Historias Clínicas. El objetivo principal es describir las características de los pacientes con diagnóstico de Tumor Retroperitoneal y detallar la sintomatología clínica, las técnicas operatorias, la evolución postoperatoria y las complicaciones más frecuentes de los pacientes con diagnóstico de tumores retroperitoneales, así como las recidivas y el número de reintervenciones a las que fueron sometidos. De igual manera, se describen las características demográficas de los pacientes con dicho diagnóstico.

Master of Science / Department of Kinesiology / Bradley J. Behnke / Given the critical role of tumor O₂ delivery on patient prognosis and the rise in preclinical exercise-oncology studies, we investigated tumor and host-tissue blood flow at rest and during exercise as well as vascular reactivity using a rat prostate cancer model grown in two transplantation sites. Methods. In male COP/CrCrl rats, blood flow (via radiolabeled microspheres) to prostate tumors (R3327-MatLyLu cells injected in the left flank (ectopic) or ventral prostate (orthotopic)) and host-tissue was measured at rest and during a bout of mild-intensity exercise. Alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction to norepinephrine (NE: 10⁻⁹ to 10⁻⁴ M) was determined in arterioles perforating the tumors and host-tissue. To determine host-tissue exercise hyperemia in healthy tissue, a sham-operated group was included. Results. Blood flow was lower at rest and during exercise in ectopic tumors and host-tissue (subcutaneous adipose) versus the orthotopic tumor and host-tissue (prostate). During exercise, blood flow to the ectopic tumor significantly decreased by 25 ± 5%, whereas flow to the orthotopic tumor increased by 181 ± 30%. Maximal vasoconstriction to NE was not different between arterioles from either tumor location. However, there was a significantly higher peak vasoconstriction to NE in subcutaneous adipose arterioles (92 ± 7%) versus prostate arterioles (55 ± 7%). Establishment of the tumor did not alter host-tissue blood flow from either location at rest or during exercise. Conclusion. These data demonstrate blood flow in tumors is dependent on host-tissue hemodynamics and that the location of the tumor may critically affect how exercise impacts the tumor microenvironment and treatment outcomes.

Os cistos e tumores odontogênicos sempre tiveram grande importância dentro da Odontologia, seja pela grande prevalência clínica seja pelo grande acometimento do indivíduo afetado pela lesão. A nova classificação da Organização Mundial de Saúde trouxe a mudança de categoria do queratocisto, que recebe agora a nômina de tumor odontogênico queratocístico, e que figura não mais na categoria de cisto odontogênico de desenvolvimento, mas sim de tumor odontogênico. Certa precipitação nessa mudança levou alguns autores a sugerirem a necessidade de estudos que esclareçam as características clínicas e histopatológicas dessa lesão para que se tenha uma classificação realmente precisa. O grande paradigma dessa lesão é: ao mesmo tempo em que apresenta características histológicas de um cisto, possui um comportamento clínico agressivo mais comumente observado nos tumores. O que realmente difere esta lesão das outras lesões que se inseriam no mesmo grupo é o padrão de crescimento diferenciado do tumor odontogênico queratocístico em relação às outras lesões císticas. Sendo assim, poderia se suspeitar que essa lesão possua um potencial proliferativo maior do que as outras que anteriormente pertenciam ao mesmo grupo, denotando uma regulação diferenciada do mecanismo proliferação-apoptose. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o tumor odontogênico queratocístico com uma lesão cística - o cisto dentígero - e com uma lesão tumoral - o ameloblastoma ? por meio de marcadores imunoistoquímicos para supressão tumoral e anti-apoptose. Os resultados demostraram que a maior diferença entre essas lesões está principalmente na atividade apoptótica, já que somente o resultado de bcl2 foi estatisticamente significante entre essas lesões. / Odontogenic cysts and tumors have always had a great importance in Dentistry, for its high clinical prevail and for its noticeable invasive behavior. The new classification released by WHO rearranged keratocyst, that is named now odontogenic keratocystic tumor, classifying it no longer as a development cyst, but now as odontogenic tumor. Certain haste in this change brought some authors to suggest the necessity of more studies to clarify the feautures of such lesions to determine a more accurate classification. The greatest paradigm of this lesion is that it shows cyst-like histological characteristics and simultaneuosly it has an aggressive clinical behavior, which is more commonly observed in tumors. The main difference between this lesion and the others cystic lesions is the growth pattern, which suggests that the odontogenic keratocystic tumor has higher proliferative potential than other cystic lesions. The aim of this research was to compare odontogenic keratocystic tumor with a cystic lesion ? dentigerous cyst ? and with a tumoral lesion ? ameloblastoma ? using tumor suppressor and anti-apoptosis immunohistochemical expression. Results show that the more important difference among the analysed lesions is apoptosis activity, since only bcl2 staining was significantly different among them.

As neoplasias malignas são responsáveis por milhões de mortes todos os anos, sendo que os problemas acarretados por tumores gástricos representam a terceira causa de morte por câncer a nível mundial. Um dado preocupante em relação ao câncer gástrico é em relação a sobrevida global de 5 anos que é de apenas 30%, aproximadamente. Um dos principais fatores que acarretam em taxas tão alarmantes é que em estágios iniciais o câncer gástrico é assintomático, fazendo com que o seu diagnóstico ocorra normalmente em estágios mais tardios. Além disso, prognósticos ruins mesmo em estágios iniciais da doença são comuns neste tipo de câncer, principalmente devido ao alto índice de resistência das células tumorais aos tratamentos convencionais. Com a necessidade de novos biomarcadores e novas modalidades de tratamentos, o estudo do secretoma de células tumorais vem sendo amplamente explorado. Este tipo de estudo é utilizado como meio de identificar novas moléculas que possam ser utilizadas em diagnósticos mais precoces assim como novos alvos terapêuticos. Por isso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar o perfil do secretoma de células tumorais derivadas de linhagens de câncer gástrico (ACP02 e ACP03), em comparação com uma linhagem de mucosa gástrica normal (MN01), buscando novas moléculas que possam servir de biomarcadores, bem como fonte para novos alvos terapêuticos. Para o alcance desse objetivo o meio condicionado das diferentes linhagens celulares foi coletado, e as proteínas presentes foram concentradas através de ultrafiltração e identificadas através de análises por Q-Tof LC/MS/MS. A análise de espectrometria de massas identificou 333 proteínas secretadas, sendo 86 exclusivamente secretadas por ambas as linhagens de câncer gástrico. Após a identificação, as proteínas foram analisadas através de biologia de sistemas e, devido a sua importância, as proteínas PDIA6, GDF15 e HSP47 foram escolhidas para análises por Western blot e qPCR. A análise de Western blot confirmou que as proteínas GDF15 e HSP47 são secretadas apenas pelas linhagens de adenocarcinomas gástricos. Porém quando analisamos a proteína PDIA6 não conseguimos comprovar a sua secreção diferencial pelas linhagens de adenocarcinomas. Com estes resultados, resolvemos analisar a proteína HSP47 como possível alvo terapêutico, através do efeito do seu silenciamento nas linhagens de câncer gástrico pela técnica de CRISPR. Estas análises demonstraram que o silenciamento da proteína HSP47 reduziu a capacidade migratória, invasiva e de formação de esferas nas células tumorais. Em síntese, os resultados demonstraram que a HSP47 pode ser um possível alvo terapêutico no tratamento do câncer gástrico, e que HSP47 e GDF15 possuem potencial para serem utilizadas como biomarcadores devido a sua secreção diferencial pelas células tumorais. / The malignant neoplasms are responsible for millions of deaths every year, and the gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. An alarming finding regarding gastric cancer is the five-year survival rate of only 30%. One of the main problems related to gastric cancer is that it is asymptomatic in the initial phases of the disease, making their diagnosis usually occur in later stages. Also, poor prognoses even in the early stages of the disease are frequent in this type of cancer, mainly due to the high resistance of tumor cells to conventional treatments. The study of the secretome of tumor cell lines has been extensively explored to discover new biomarkers and new modalities of treatments, that can be used in earlier diagnoses as well as new therapeutic targets. Then, the present study aimed to characterize the secretome of two human gastric cancer cell lines (ACP02 and ACP03) in order to compare their differences concerning the non-neoplastic gastric cell line (MN01). For this purpose, we collected the conditioned medium of these cell lines and concentrated the secreted proteins by ultrafiltration. After that, the identification of the proteins was made by ultra-performance Q-Tof LC/MS/MS. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics identified 333 proteins in the three cell lines of which 86 proteins are identified exclusively from the two carcinoma cell lines. After the identification, the proteins were analyzed through system biology and, due to their importance, the proteins PDIA6, GDF15 e HSP47 were chosen for western blot and qPCR analyzes. The Western blot analysis showed that GDF15 and HSP47 are secreted only by the tumor cell lines. However, when we analyzed de PDIA6 protein, we are not able to confirm the differential secretion by the tumor cell lines. With these results, we decided to analyze the HSP47 protein as a possible therapeutic target, through the effect of its silencing on gastric cancer lines by the CRISPR technique. These analyses showed that HSP47 silencing decreases the migration, invasion, and sphere forming capacity in gastric tumor cells. In summary, the results demonstrated that the HSP47 protein may be a possible therapeutic target in the treatment of gastric cancer and that HSP47 and GDF15 proteins have potential to be used as biomarkers, due to their differential secretion by tumor cells.

by Lam Wai Pui. / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves 146-170.

Lei Ieng Kit Kenny. / "April 2002." / Thesis (M.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-118). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Os cistos e tumores odontogênicos sempre tiveram grande importância dentro da Odontologia, seja pela grande prevalência clínica seja pelo grande acometimento do indivíduo afetado pela lesão. A nova classificação da Organização Mundial de Saúde trouxe a mudança de categoria do queratocisto, que recebe agora a nômina de tumor odontogênico queratocístico, e que figura não mais na categoria de cisto odontogênico de desenvolvimento, mas sim de tumor odontogênico. Certa precipitação nessa mudança levou alguns autores a sugerirem a necessidade de estudos que esclareçam as características clínicas e histopatológicas dessa lesão para que se tenha uma classificação realmente precisa. O grande paradigma dessa lesão é: ao mesmo tempo em que apresenta características histológicas de um cisto, possui um comportamento clínico agressivo mais comumente observado nos tumores. O que realmente difere esta lesão das outras lesões que se inseriam no mesmo grupo é o padrão de crescimento diferenciado do tumor odontogênico queratocístico em relação às outras lesões císticas. Sendo assim, poderia se suspeitar que essa lesão possua um potencial proliferativo maior do que as outras que anteriormente pertenciam ao mesmo grupo, denotando uma regulação diferenciada do mecanismo proliferação-apoptose. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o tumor odontogênico queratocístico com uma lesão cística - o cisto dentígero - e com uma lesão tumoral - o ameloblastoma ? por meio de marcadores imunoistoquímicos para supressão tumoral e anti-apoptose. Os resultados demostraram que a maior diferença entre essas lesões está principalmente na atividade apoptótica, já que somente o resultado de bcl2 foi estatisticamente significante entre essas lesões. / Odontogenic cysts and tumors have always had a great importance in Dentistry, for its high clinical prevail and for its noticeable invasive behavior. The new classification released by WHO rearranged keratocyst, that is named now odontogenic keratocystic tumor, classifying it no longer as a development cyst, but now as odontogenic tumor. Certain haste in this change brought some authors to suggest the necessity of more studies to clarify the feautures of such lesions to determine a more accurate classification. The greatest paradigm of this lesion is that it shows cyst-like histological characteristics and simultaneuosly it has an aggressive clinical behavior, which is more commonly observed in tumors. The main difference between this lesion and the others cystic lesions is the growth pattern, which suggests that the odontogenic keratocystic tumor has higher proliferative potential than other cystic lesions. The aim of this research was to compare odontogenic keratocystic tumor with a cystic lesion ? dentigerous cyst ? and with a tumoral lesion ? ameloblastoma ? using tumor suppressor and anti-apoptosis immunohistochemical expression. Results show that the more important difference among the analysed lesions is apoptosis activity, since only bcl2 staining was significantly different among them.

Master of Science / Department of Kinesiology / Brad J. Behnke / Introduction: Prostate tumor arterioles lack functional smooth muscle and have a diminished myogenic response. Previous research has demonstrated an enhanced prostate tumor blood flow and oxygenation associated with the augmented mean arterial pressure during exercise. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that elevations in the heart-to-prostate tumor hydrostatic gradient via adoption of the 70˚ head-up tilt (HUT) body position would enhance perfusion of the prostate tumor, which may improve tumor oxygenation and radiation therapy outcomes (Study I). Based upon those findings, we performed a secondary analysis (Study II) on previously published prostate hemodynamic responses to an identical tilt-test between young and aged animals. Methods: Study I: Dunning Cell AT-1 tumor cells (100,000) were injected into the ventral lobe of the prostate in male Copenhagen rats (4 mo.; n = 7). Four to six weeks after injection blood flow to the prostate tumor, kidneys, and soleus muscle was measured via the fluorescent microsphere technique in the supine and HUT position. Study II: A secondary analysis was performed on blood flow to the prostate (host tissue of the tumor) in young (6 mo.; n =9) and aged (24 mo.; n=7) male Fisher 344 rats from Ramsey et al., 2007 (39) to determine potential age-associated differences in conductance to this tissue. Results: Study I: No significant difference was observed in blood pressure between the two body positions. Compared to the supine posture, there was a significant reduction in blood flow to the soleus muscle. There was no difference in prostate tumor blood flow or vascular conductance between the supine and HUT position. Study II: In response to tilt, there was a significant reduction in prostate vascular conductance in young rats versus that in the supine posture (P<0.05). In the aged animals, there was no difference in prostate vascular conductance with tilt. Discussion: Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not see any significant differences in either blood flow or vascular conductance to the prostate tumor with manipulations in body position. Importantly, we believe this may be an age-associated effect. Given tumors both co-opt existing arterioles from the host tissue that retain vasomotor control and develop new vessels that lack functional smooth muscle, the enhanced vascular resistance in the prostate with young animals during tilt likely contributed to the lack of change in tumor perfusion with body position given the rats from study I were also young. Given the lack of change in vascular conductance in the prostate with tilt in aged animals, future studies should be performed in aged models of prostate cancer, of which currently there are no immunocompetent aged rodent models of prostate cancer.