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Accompanying a solo gallery exhibition of painting and drawing, SelfSame explores the impact and influence of doubles, twins, and doppelgangers in visual art. Doubles, such as twins and doppelgangers, have an uncanny presence tied to loneliness, melancholy, and death. The presence of doubles in art not only questions the instability of identity and individuality, but calls into play personal reflection, and concepts of mortality. I draw on personal memories growing up as an identical twin to contextualize memory, narrative, and mythology as they are referenced within the artwork.

This study was an attempt to combine two research literatures on hyperactivity: the behaviour genetic research and the studies testing psychological theories of hyperactivity. We obtained behavioural ratings from the teachers of 1316 twin pairs, aged 7-12, from the general population. For a subsample of 268 twin pairs we obtained ratings also from their parents. Forty-six hyperactive twin pairs (pairs in which at least one twin was pervasively hyperactive) and 47 control twin pairs were then assessed on tests relating to three theories of hyperactivity, those of response inhibition deficit, working memory impairment and delay aversion. Confirming previous findings, genetic factors accounted for 50-70% of the variance in hyperactivity when considered as a continuous dimension. There was also significant evidence of genetic effects on extreme hyperactivity, although the present group heritability estimates were somewhat lower than previous estimates. The hyperactive group performed worse than the control group on the delay aversion measure and some of the working memory tasks. Controlling for IQ removed the significant group differences on the working memory measures, however. Although there were no significant group differences on the inhibition variables, the inhibition measure, stop task, produced evidence of a pattern of responding that was strongly characteristic of hyperactivity: hyperactive children were variable in their speed, generally slow and inaccurate. This pattern of responding may indicate a non-optimal effort/activation state. To investigate the possibility that the cognitive impairments or task engagement factors associated with hyperactivity mediate the genetic effects on the condition, bivariate group heritability analyses were carried out. There was significant evidence of shared genetic effects only on extreme hyperactivity and the variability of speed. The findings are interpreted as supporting the state regulation theory of hyperactivity. Although delay aversion is a characteristic of hyperactivity, it seems to have an environmental rather than a genetic origin.

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Thesis (M.Ed.)--York University, 2009. Graduate Programme in Education. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 42-44). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR51588

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T11:52:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-22Bitstream added on 2015-03-03T12:06:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000807646.pdf: 1220311 bytes, checksum: 186eb7e4efc34c65cafbe403139b6d18 (MD5) / O fenômeno da gemelaridade é permeado por peculiaridades que despertam a curiosidade e diversos questionamentos. Tais questões são, normalmente, respondidas por meio de estereótipos amplamente divulgados tanto na sociedade como dentro das próprias famílias. Constata-se, entretanto que estudos científicos sobre a temática podem contribuir para romper com pressupostos que afetam negativamente o desenvolvimento de crianças gêmeas e suas famílias, dando lugar à construção de um conhecimento que retrate a realidade vivenciada por esses indivíduos e amplie as possibilidades de desenvolvimento saudável e bem estar individual e familiar. Assim, adotando a Teoria Familiar Sistêmica, buscou-se como objetivos do estudo a caracterização de familias com crianças gêmeas e a análise da percepção das próprias crianças sobre sua vivência familiar e relacional. Participaram da pesquisa 11 famílias com configurações diversas, mas que tinham com filhos mais novos um par de gêmeo, monozigóticos ou dizigóticos de ambos os gêneros, com idades entre seis e 12 anos. Por meio de um questionário preenchido pelas mães, um inventário respondido, separadamente, pelos irmãos gêmeos e um desenho da família também executado por cada um dos gêmeos, alcançou-se características estruturais e dinâmicas das 11 famílias participantes, além de escolher cinco famílias para realizar estudos de caso. Foram investigadas as configurações familiares e o modo de vida, as redes de relações estabelecidas entre os subsistemas de cada família e a percepção das crianças sobre o seu funcionamento familiar, enfatizando as relações fraternas gemelares. Como principais achados, são apontados: indícios de que a dinâmica familiar dos participantes desta pesquisa ainda permanece seguindo modelos tradicionais que reforçam a pouca participação dos homens nas rotinas domésticas e sobrecarregam as mulheres (avós, mães e filhas mais velhas)... / The phenomenon of twinning is permeated by peculiarities that arouse the curiosity as well as it arouses many questions. Such questions are usually answered through stereotypes which are largely spread not only in the society but also inside the families. However, it is noted that scientific studies about the topic many contribute to break up the assumption that negatively affect the development of twin children and their families, leading to the construction of knowledgement that portrays the reality experienced by those individuals, and enlarges the possibilities of a healthy development and welfare. Therefore, embracing the Family Systems Theory, we aimed at the characterization of families with twin children and the analysis of the perception of the own children concerning their family life and relation. 11 families with various configurations participated in the survey, however, they had twins as their youngest children, monozygotica or dizygotic of both genres, ages ranging from 6 to 12 years old. Through a questionnaire filled in by the mothers, an inventory answered separatedly by the twins, and a drawing of the family also done by each one of the twins, we achieved structural characteristics and dynamics of the 1 families that participated, besides choosing 5 families, so that studies of cases were performed. Family configurations and lifestyle, the relationship nets established between the sub-systems of each family, and the perception of the children about their family operation were investigated emphasizing the twins relatinship. As the most important discoveries, we point: evidences that the family dynamics of the participants of the survey still follows the traditional patterns that reinforce the little participation of mean in the domestic routine, and overchange women (grandmothers, mothers, and old sisters); that the relationship of the participants with his co-twin is based on ambiguity, specially between the fellowship...

Orientador: Tânia Gracy Martins do Valle / Banca: Adriana Leônidas de Oliveira / Banca: Ligia Ebner Melchiori / Resumo: O fenômeno da gemelaridade é permeado por peculiaridades que despertam a curiosidade e diversos questionamentos. Tais questões são, normalmente, respondidas por meio de estereótipos amplamente divulgados tanto na sociedade como dentro das próprias famílias. Constata-se, entretanto que estudos científicos sobre a temática podem contribuir para romper com pressupostos que afetam negativamente o desenvolvimento de crianças gêmeas e suas famílias, dando lugar à construção de um conhecimento que retrate a realidade vivenciada por esses indivíduos e amplie as possibilidades de desenvolvimento saudável e bem estar individual e familiar. Assim, adotando a Teoria Familiar Sistêmica, buscou-se como objetivos do estudo a caracterização de familias com crianças gêmeas e a análise da percepção das próprias crianças sobre sua vivência familiar e relacional. Participaram da pesquisa 11 famílias com configurações diversas, mas que tinham com filhos mais novos um par de gêmeo, monozigóticos ou dizigóticos de ambos os gêneros, com idades entre seis e 12 anos. Por meio de um questionário preenchido pelas mães, um inventário respondido, separadamente, pelos irmãos gêmeos e um desenho da família também executado por cada um dos gêmeos, alcançou-se características estruturais e dinâmicas das 11 famílias participantes, além de escolher cinco famílias para realizar estudos de caso. Foram investigadas as configurações familiares e o modo de vida, as redes de relações estabelecidas entre os subsistemas de cada família e a percepção das crianças sobre o seu funcionamento familiar, enfatizando as relações fraternas gemelares. Como principais achados, são apontados: indícios de que a dinâmica familiar dos participantes desta pesquisa ainda permanece seguindo modelos tradicionais que reforçam a pouca participação dos homens nas rotinas domésticas e sobrecarregam as mulheres (avós, mães e filhas mais velhas)... / Abstract: The phenomenon of twinning is permeated by peculiarities that arouse the curiosity as well as it arouses many questions. Such questions are usually answered through stereotypes which are largely spread not only in the society but also inside the families. However, it is noted that scientific studies about the topic many contribute to break up the assumption that negatively affect the development of twin children and their families, leading to the construction of knowledgement that portrays the reality experienced by those individuals, and enlarges the possibilities of a healthy development and welfare. Therefore, embracing the Family Systems Theory, we aimed at the characterization of families with twin children and the analysis of the perception of the own children concerning their family life and relation. 11 families with various configurations participated in the survey, however, they had twins as their youngest children, monozygotica or dizygotic of both genres, ages ranging from 6 to 12 years old. Through a questionnaire filled in by the mothers, an inventory answered separatedly by the twins, and a drawing of the family also done by each one of the twins, we achieved structural characteristics and dynamics of the 1 families that participated, besides choosing 5 families, so that studies of cases were performed. Family configurations and lifestyle, the relationship nets established between the sub-systems of each family, and the perception of the children about their family operation were investigated emphasizing the twins relatinship. As the most important discoveries, we point: evidences that the family dynamics of the participants of the survey still follows the traditional patterns that reinforce the little participation of mean in the domestic routine, and overchange women (grandmothers, mothers, and old sisters); that the relationship of the participants with his co-twin is based on ambiguity, specially between the fellowship... / Mestre

AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF SUFNA GHEYARA JOHN, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Psychology, presented on March 21st, 2014, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: GENETIC AND PARENTAL INFLUENCES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMOTION RECOGNITION SKILLS IN CHILDREN MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Lisabeth DiLalla The purpose of this study was to examine the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on children's emotion recognition (ER) skills and social difficulties (bullying and victimization). An additional goal was to examine the relation between parent ER skills, child ER skills, and child social difficulties. It was expected that genetic and environmental influences would account for a significant portion of the variance in child ER skills and social difficulties and that child ER skills and social difficulties would share common genetic and environmental influences. Moreover, it was predicted that parent and child ER skills would significantly predict child social difficulties. Finally, it was predicted that child angry and fearful biases in ER abilities would lead to greater social difficulties. 121 children (forming 69 twin pairs) ages 6-10 years and their parents participated in the study. Children and their parents completed an objective measure of ER abilities and subjective measures of child social difficulties. Separate analyses were conducted for child social difficulties by informant (parent or child) and type of difficulty (bullying or victimization). Results from this study suggest that genetic and non-shared environmental influences account for a significant portion of the variance in child ER skills, parent-reported bullying and victimization, and child-reported bullying. Conversely, environmental influences account for a significant portion of the variance in child-reported victimization. Child ER abilities and child-reported bullying shared common genetic influences. Path modeling demonstrated that parent ER skills predicted child ER skills and parent-reported bullying, whereas child ER skills predicted child-reported victimization. Finally, children who demonstrated an angry or fearful bias had greater involvement in bullying and were more victimized. These results underscore the importance of conceptualizing bullying and victimization from a biopsychosocial perspective that incorporates both biological and environmental influences on complex social behavior. Moreover, results in this study varied by informant, suggesting that it is important to gather information from multiple perspectives in order to gain the most comprehensive view of child behavior. Finally, these results suggest that helping children to achieve a more balanced perspective in their emotion recognition abilities may help reduce their involvement in socially maladaptive interactions.

Researchers from Jean Piaget (1932) to Sehlauoi (2008) have utilized small case studies to intensively examine naturally occurring child language production in the home environment. This qualitative, 5-year longitudinal, five-year case study continues the focus of previous research on child bilingualism and code-switching; however, it aims to strengthen the previously tenuous connection linking said bilingualism with the speech of fraternal boy/girl twins, who are simultaneously making code choices and reflecting their gender language usage of these choices. The purpose of this study was to identify each twin’s code-switching patterns in Spanish and English in the bilingual home environment, examine the differences in their language choices, and reflect on their gendered language use as it pertains to each child’s own language production choices. The study connects the results of this research to previous research on child code-switching and reveals the similarities and differences between these two patterns and new ways of understanding the rich variety of linguistic understandings and possibilities in bilingual speech of twins. The study demonstrates that while Spanish code-maintenance was the preferred code choice by both twins throughout the length of the study, the female twin consistently code-switched into English and took more total turns in English than her twin brother while the male twin code-switched more frequently within a turn. These code-switching occurrences may be related to their gender. The limitations of this study, future directions of research, and conclusions are also discussed.

Orientador: Marilza Vieira Cunha Rudge / Resumo: A discordância de pesos entre pares de gêmeos é uma das complicações mais importantes da gravidez gemelar, pela incidência elevada e maior mortalidade perinatal Objetivo - Estudar as influências da diferença de pesos ao nascimento, entre o 1º e 2º gêmeos, no resultado perinatal. Sujeitos e Métodos - Analisou-se, retrospectivamente, de julho de 1997 a junho de 1998, os partos gemelares ocorridos na Maternidade do Hospital Regional de Sorocaba, SP. A amostragem foi composta de 89 mães e seus gêmeos, divididos em 3 classes de diferença de pesos (CDP) ao nascer: concordante (<15%), discordante leve (15% a 25%) e discordante severa (>25%), obtidas pela relação:... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The discordance in weight between twins pairs is one of the most important complications of the twin's pregnancy, due to its elevated incidence and high degree of perinatal mortality. Aim - To study the influence of the weight differences between the first and second newborn twin in the perinatal results. Subjects and Methods - The weight of the twins born at the Maternity of Hospital Regional de Sorocaba, SP, was analyzed retrospectively from July 1997 to June 1998. The samples were 89 mothers and their twins, divided into 3 classes of newborn weight differences (WDC), as follow: concordant (<15%), mild discordant (15% to 25%) and severe discordant (>25%). The WDC was obtained at birth, by the following mathematical sentence:... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre