There is demand from the food industry for novel savoury seasonings based on low-cost food ingredients, sourced from within the EU. A nucleotide and protein rich spray dried powder which was derived from a Fusarium venenatum fermenter waste stream and food-grade Alphitobius diaperinus with potential as a savoury flavour enhancer was evaluated. Enzymatic digestion of these two raw materials as a source of flavour precursors was evaluated. Serial enzyme combinations, enzyme dosages, sequence of enzyme application, pH, temperature and length of digestion for the liberation of amino acids and nucleotides were optimised for the liberation of taste active compounds. For amino acids, free glutamine (GLN) and glutamic acid (GLU) could be enhanced using a combination of peptidases on both raw materials. Digesting a spray dried powder derived from the fermenter waste stream of Fusarium venenatum with exopeptidase (1% Flavourzyme TM), resulted in an improved yield of GLN (from 0.1 mg/g to 28.9 mg/g powder) and GLU (from 1.71 mg/g to 5.98 mg/g powder). For milled Alphitobius diaperinus, mixed use of exopeptidase (1% Flavourzyme TM) and endopeptidase (2% Alcalase 1.4-fold increased yield of GLU (17.5 mg/g powder) and 1.7-fold increased yield of GLN (1.2 mg/g) as best production was obtained. For nucleotides, digestions of the waste stream with a yeast lytic enzyme (YL-TLTM) followed by a nuclease (RP-1GTM) resulted in the highest 5’-guanosine monophosphate (GMP) and 5’-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) production. Specifically, a 2% and 0.05% treatment by YL-TLTM and RP-1GTM respectively was shown to be optimal, followed by a 0.05% DeamizymeTM treatment for the conversion of AMP to 5’-Inosinic acid (IMP) of 38 mg/g. For the solid digestion of Alphitobius diaperinus, being treated with a nuclease tretment (2% RP-1GTM) followed by a 0.2% DeamizymeTM treatment for the conversion of AMP to IMP, resulted in the highest GMP yield, a 3.5-fold increased (2.6mg/g), and 7.8-fold increased IMP (4.7mg/g) production.

The American Genre Film Archive is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization established in 2009 by Tim League, founder and CEO of the Alamo Drafthouse Cinema. With a sense of rebellion against established film archives, AGFA is dedicated to the collection of 35mm prints of exploitation films from the 1960s-1980s in order to conserve and distribute these neglected films. A confluence of issues including the history of the films in the collection, AGFA’s connection with the Alamo Drafthouse, and influences from the hipster subcultures combine to inform AGFA’s practices and mission. This thesis will explore how the American Genre Film Archive conforms to and rebels against the established archive community by means of its mission and institutional structure. Also, this thesis will explore AGFA as a hipster institution through its collecting and exhibition practices. AGFA’s roles in the wider film archive community and the hipster community converge into an unusual archive serving unusual films. / text

Smart Growth is a comprehensive approach to planning that aims to shape more compact and well-connected communities across the United States. Among its principles are leveraging existing infrastructure, developing around transit, providing a mix of housing types and price ranges, and increasing community participation in the planning process. However, research suggests the comprehensive approach at times obscures potential tensions between these principles, in particular when Smart Growth principles are applied to a specific property. This is the case in Austin, Texas’ Lamar/Justin Lane TOD, where the City of Austin is currently evaluating development scenarios for a publicly-owned 5.6 acre parcel located within the TOD area. How equity and access is addressed in Smart Growth comes to fore in conversations between the City and affluent, neighborhood residents. This report examines the history of Smart Growth, reviews its implementation in cities across the U.S., and considers how the City of Austin may learn from other cities. / text

The main objective of the study was to determine the effects of enzymes on quality of breads baked in halogen lamp-microwave combination, microwave and conventional oven. It was also aimed to determine the optimum processing conditions in these ovens. In the first part of the study, as independent variables, baking time, baking temperature for conventional oven / microwave power for microwave oven and microwave power and halogen power for combination oven was used. Weight loss, specific volume, firmness and color of the breads were measured during the study. The optimum baking conditions were determined as 13 min at 200&deg / C in conventional oven, 0.75 min at 100% power in microwave oven, 10 min at 60% power in halogen lamp oven, and 3 min at 30% microwave power and 70% halogen lamp power in halogen lamp-microwave combination oven. In the case of combination oven, specific volume and color values of breads were comparable with the conventionally baked breads but weight loss and firmness of them were still higher. The effects of different enzymes (&amp / #945 / -amylase, xylanase, lipase &amp / protease) were studied to reduce the quality problems of breads baked in microwave and halogen lamp-microwave combination oven. The optimum baking conditions determined for each type of oven in the first part of the study were used in the investigation of the functions of enzymes on bread quality during baking and staling. As a control, no enzyme added breads baked at 200&deg / C for 13 min in conventional oven were used. All the enzymes were found to be effective in reducing initial firmness and increasing specific volume of breads baked in microwave and halogen lamp-microwave combination ovens. However, in conventional baking, the effects of enzymes on crumb firmness were seen mostly during storage. The usage of enzyme protease in the bread formulation resulted in breads with higher volume and darker color in all of the ovens. All of the enzymes were found to be effective to retard the staling of breads baked in conventional, microwave and halogen lamp-microwave combination ovens.

water sorption isotherms of destoned and ground saiadey Jaul type dates were obtained at 30,40.50 C.using the gravimetric methods.Data were analyzed by applying the GAB,BAT ,Smith,Iglesias and Chrife,Halsey ,Henderson and Oswin Models.Isosteric heat of sorption value was calculated using the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation and tried to be as afunction of moisture content of dates. It was found that the experimental data fitted well to ,smith ,I glesias and Chirife ,Halsey, Henderson and Oswin equation, which are suitable for high sugar foods.Isosteric heat of sorption for dates varied from 0,9 to - 1,84 KJ/mol as moisture content changed from 11,0 to 18,0%.

This study focuses on persuasive design concerning the household users&rsquo / energy saving behavior while using electrical household appliances for the housework. Household users form a balance at home determined by the household resources they have, and they do not want to change this fragile balance because it is established as a result of household users&rsquo / habitual behavior. It is crucial to persuade household users to save energy at home without disturbing the balance among resources. Persuasion becomes an effective tool at this stage. The study provides an efficient reallocation of the resources for energy saving behavior, which is supported by household resource reallocation and persuasion literature, and an empirical study.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Perkins School of Theology, Southern Methodist University, 1986. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-126).

My research trajectory focuses on creating graphic interpretations of the relationship between the urban landscape and the populations that reside within it. I use the term reading the city to indicate the process of selecting a focal point and connecting relevant information to it. By creating experimental mappings that connect the physical experience of the East Austin to relevant information contexts I seek to develop a series of design strategies that are appropriate for fostering a heightened awareness of the dynamics that shape the urban environment. In this context, graphic design functions as the primary tool for expressing these connections. This report explores the development of the reading process by summarizing conceptual precedents and eleven personal works, which were undertaken to explore the viability of the approach. / text

The development of natural grass/scrubland for agricultural use within the Trans-Pecos basins has altered recharge mechanisms and raised questions about groundwater sustainability. Past efforts focused on recharge in arid basin systems used three main assumptions: there is minimal modern recharge, no widespread recharge on basin floors, and no recharge from anthropogenic sources. However, in the Trans-Pecos, nitrate (NO₃-) concentrations have increased in basin groundwater (up by 3-4 mg/l as NO₃- in 40 yrs), refuting the “classic” model and posing water quality risks. Grazing and irrigated agriculture have impacted basin hydrology by altering vegetation regime and the magnitude and spatial distribution of infiltration. This has increased recharge, Cl⁻, and mobile N flux to basin groundwater. A series of spatially-distributed net infiltration models were used to estimate potential recharge from natural and anthropogenic sources. Between 7-20% of potential recharge results from widespread recharge on the basin floors. Additionally, from 1960-2000, irrigation return flow may have contributed 3.0 × 10⁷ - 6.3 × 10⁷ m³ of recharge. These results are supported by field observations. Cores collected beneath agricultural land document changes in water content and pore water chemistry that imply increased downward flux of moisture and solute, and NO₃- and Cl- inventories beneath irrigated land are distinct in amount and profile from those in natural areas. There are significant implications for sustainability based upon the trends in groundwater NO₃- concentrations, core results, and net infiltration models: more recharge may enter the basins than previously estimated and there is a potential long-term concern for water quality. Due to thick unsaturated zones in the basins, long travel times are anticipated. It is unknown if NO3- and Cl⁻ flux has peaked or if effects will continue for years to come. Further study should be undertaken to examine anthropogenic impacts on basin water quality. Additionally, these impacts may occur in similar systems globally and there is considerable evidence for the re-evaluation of the validity of the “classic” model of recharge in arid basin systems. Future studies and management plans should incorporate potential impacts of changes in vegetation and land use on recharge processes and water budgets in arid basins. / text

Greenways offer multiple social, environmental, and economic benefits to communities, which has led to their increasing popularity. Social benefits include increased recreational opportunities; alternative transportation options and connectivity; preservation of historical and cultural landmarks; and access to nature. Environmental benefits include cleaner air due to less automobile congestion; increased awareness of environmental issues; improved ecological balance; and disaster mitigation. Economic benefits include reduced natural disaster damage and costs; increased activity, tourism and business opportunities; and revitalization of the area. Implementing greenways, however, also face many challenges, such as funding, public support, land acquisition, political will, planning and maintenance. This report looks at three case study cities: Greenville, SC, Chattanooga, TN, and Austin, TX to examine their successful greenway projects and learn best practices and implementation strategies. The lessons learned from these case study cities are then used to recommend best practices to the City of Asheville, NC, as they embark on an ambitious riverfront greenway plan of their own. / text