Coronary Heart Disease (CETO) is one of the most common causes of mortality in industrialised societies, and it has been demonstrated elsewhere that shift workers have an increased risk of developing CHD compared to day-workers. One possible explanation for this increased risk is that a shift worker may show inappropriate postprandial responses to a night-time meal, when their biological clock is not adapted to the night shift. This could lead to an elevation in the circulating levels of certain hormones and metabolites, such as triacylglycerol (TAG) and insulin, which are known to be risk factors for CHD. This thesis investigated the relationships between meal times and postprandial hormone and metabolic responses in simulated and real-life shift-workers. The work is presented as three major clinical trials. In the first of these, a combination of timed bright light and darkness/sleep was used to induce a gradual 9-hour phase advance in 12 healthy subjects, who then underwent a rapid 9-hour phase delay. Three meal study days were arranged, to occur during the baseline condition, immediately after the rapid phase delay, so that the subjects effectively had "simulated jet lag", and two days later. Blood parameters measured included plasma glucose, insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), TAG and glucose- dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Substantial differences in plasma TAG and NEFA were observed in the postprandial responses when the subjects consumed an identical meal immediately after the rapid phase delay, compared with during the baseline conditions. Two days after the rapid phase delay, subjects showed inteimediate hormone and metabolite levels, suggesting that the biological clock had a major effect on these postprandial responses. In the second study, day and night-time postprandial responses were compared in a simulated shift work environment, and the effectiveness of a number of potentially beneficial procedures was investigated. These included alterations to the content of the meal consiraied prior to the night shift, bright light exposure during the night shift, and a daytime rest period prior to the night shift. As in the first study, significant differences were seen in a number of hormones and metabolites on the night shift. compared with during the day. The content of the previous meal, bright light exposure and a daytime rest period prior to the night shift all had significant effects on the night-time postprandial responses. The most exciting discovery made was that a single 8-hour night-time bright light exposure significantly lowered the TAG postprandial responses on the simulated night shift. As all the work conducted up until this point had utilised simulated conditions, it was important to illustrate that similar differences in postprandial responses at night-time could be demonstrated in "real-life shift workers". Thus, nine midwives were recruited from the Royal Surrey County Hospital, and studied on four occasions. This allowed comparison of postprandial responses on both day and night shifts, and also allowed further investigation of the effect of altering the content of the previous meal. Significant differences were again found in a number of blood parameters when the night-time and day-time responses to the test meal were compared, with the most striking being a delayed NEFA rise on the night shift, compared with during the day. In conclusion, this series of studies have illustrated that the human body responds differently to a meal consumed at night-time, compared with during the day, both in a simulated and a real-life environment. This results in variations in the levels of a number of known CHD risk factors, and may be linked with the elevated CHD risk reported in shift workers. Alteration to the meal prior to the night shift, exposure to bright light during the night shift, and instituting a rest period prior to the night shift, were all shown to be potentially beneficial in reducing the variation between day and night-time responses.

This work explains development of device which is being designed for aplication in an industrial areas whre an worker can get close to dangerous machines. In each chapter there will be explained result and step by step progress of developing this device. Then there will be description of function and used parts in completed device.

Die Journal Article Tag Suite ist ein XML-Standard zum Auszeichnen von wissenschaftlichen Artikeln. Sie besteht derzeit aus drei Tag-Sets, die unterschiedlich einschränkend hinsichtlich der möglichen Auszeichnung von Inhalten sind: Journal Archiving and Interchange, Journal Publishing und Article Authoring. Die Tag-Sets lassen sich von den Nutzer*innen den eigenen Bedürfnissen anpassen. Es können nicht benötigte Elemente und Attribute entfernt und neue Elemente und Attribute hinzugefügt werden. Doch gerade diese Flexibilität birgt auch Probleme: Zum einen leidet durch die individuelle Anpassung der Tag-Sets die Austauschbarkeit der Daten, zum anderen führen Tag-/Attribut-Wünsche, die, gerade in Bezug auf die Übernahme von Grün nach Blau, an das JATS-Komitee herangetragen und realisiert werden, dazu, dass das blaue Tag-Set immer mehr dem grünen Set gleicht. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, durch die Analyse verschiedener Customizings der JATS-Community ein Konsens-Customizing JATS Blue Lite zu definieren, welches 90 Prozent der betrachteten Customizings abdeckt, aber nur 60 Prozent des ursprünglichen blauen Tag-Sets enthält. JATS Blue Lite soll restriktiver sein als das bestehende blaue Tag-Set und einen größeren Unterschied zum bestehenden grünen Tag-Set aufweisen. Auf Basis der Analyse wurden zwei Customizations naive minimal und minimal definiert, die weniger Elemente und Attribute enthalten als das bestehende blaue Tag-Set und trotzdem die Customizings der Community ähnlich gut abdecken.:1 EINLEITUNG 1.1 PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIEL DER ARBEIT 1.2 AUFBAU DER ARBEIT UND METHODISCHES VORGEHEN 2 DIE JOURNAL ARTICLE TAG SUITE (JATS) 2.1 DIE ENTSTEHUNG DER JOURNAL ARTICLE TAG SUITE (JATS) 2.1.1 Die PubMed Central DTD 2.1.2 Die erste Version 2.1.3 Die zweite Version 2.1.4 Die dritte Version und die Beteiligung der National Standards Organization (NISO) 2.1.5 Die NISO-Standards 2.1.6 Der aktuelle Standard 2.2 DIE TAG-SETS DER JOURNAL ARTICLE TAG SUITE (JATS) 2.2.1 Journal Archiving and Interchange 2.2.2 Journal Publishing 2.2.3 Article Authoring 2.3 DER VERGLEICH DER DREI TAG SETS 2.3.1 Der Unterschied zwischen Journal Publishing und Journal Archiving and Interchange 2.3.2 Der Unterschied zwischen Journal Publishing und Article Authoring 2.4 DIE STRUKTUR DER TAG SETS 2.4.1 Elemente 2.4.1.1 front 2.4.1.2 body 2.4.1.3 back 2.4.2 Attribute 2.4.3 Strukturformate 2.5 CUSTOMIZABILITY 2.5.1 Anpassen der bestehenden Tag-Sets 2.5.1.1 Beispiele 2.5.2 Kompatibilität mit JATS 2.5.3 Vorteile des Subsettings 3 ADÄQUATHEIT EINES CUSTOMIZINGS 3.1 DEFINITION 3.2 ENTWICKLUNG EINER METRIK ZUR MESSUNG DER ADÄQUATHEIT EINES CUSTOMIZINGS 3.2.1 Vorüberlegungen 3.2.2 Der erste Ansatz 3.2.3 Der zweite Ansatz 3.2.4 Der dritte Ansatz 3.2.5 Der vierte Ansatz 3.2.6 Der fünfte Ansatz und die finale Metrik 4 DIE CUSTOMIZING-ANALYSE 4.1 DIE DATENSAMMLUNG 4.2 DIE DATENANALYSE 4.2.1 Die Analyse-Werkzeuge 4.2.2 Anpassungen der Analyse 4.3 DATENAUSWERTUNG 4.3.1 Die Nutzung der Journal Article Tag Suite 4.3.2 Definition eines Konsens-Customizings JATS Blue Lite 4.3.3 Eignung der Konsens-Customizings 4.3.4 Kritik 5 FAZIT 5.1 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 5.2 AUSBLICK

Triacylglycerol (TAG) is a main storage lipid in seeds and is utilized for seed germination. Humans commonly consume TAG in the form of vegetable oil. Currently, TAG contributes to 25% of the total calories consumed in the developed countries and dependency for biofuel production from plants lipid is also increasing day by day. By 2030 the expected consumption level of vegetable oil will be double and to fulfill this demand it is necessary to increase the oil production in plants. To accomplish this goal, it is pertinent to understand the regulation of TAG accumulation in plants. Avocado (Persea americana), a basal angiosperm, stores up to 70% oil in the form of TAG in nonseed tissue (mesocarp). Here, we use it avocado as a model system to understand TAG biosynthesis in tissues other than seed. In plants, TAG biosynthesis may involve acyl-CoA–dependent or –independent pathway catalyzed by diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) and phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferases (PDAT), respectively. RNA-Seq and Q-PCR analysis of developing mesocarp of avocado revealed higher expression for DGAT1 and PDAT1, coinciding with the period of TAG accumulation. Therefore, we hypothesize that DGAT1 and PDAT1 are responsible for catalyzing the terminal step in TAG biosynthesis in Avocado mesocarp. Using the transcriptome data, we identified full-length coding sequences for DGAT1 and PDAT1. These acyltransferases are being cloned and will be characterized for their enzyme activity and substrate specificity, subsequent to their expression in yeast. Complementation of Arabidopsis dgat1 and pdat1 mutants and phenotypic characterization will also be carried out using Gateway-cloning techniques and transgenic lines will be assayed for TAG content in seeds. This study is expected to provide basic understanding of TAG accumulation in avocado mesocarp tissue.

No description available.

Various innovative separation methods in chromatography have been proposed. The interaction of the 4-t-butylphenyl group with b-cyclodextrin is well-known; compounds tagged with the 4-t-butylphenyl group are separated from untagged compounds using b-cyclodextrin column. In this study, increasing the chain length of tagged molecules does not increase the retention time but depends on other functional groups present, while increasing the number of tags in a molecule increases retention time. The t-butyl group was also compared to adamantyl and lithocholic acid tags. In-house b-cyclodextrin columns were synthesized to observe the effect of the linkage of the cyclodextrin molecule to the support. Furthermore, tagged products could be separated from the starting materials using in-house columns employing flash b-cyclodextrin. Supported room temperature ionic liquids (SILs/MSILs) were explored for the extraction of polyunsaturated triacylglycerols (PUTAGs).Various room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) with silver salts were tested for extraction effectiveness.The most hydrophobic RTIL [Hmim][PF6] in this study, with dissolved AgBF4 proved to be the best combination for effective extraction. RTILs supported on silica gel and mesoporous SBA-15 reacted with silver salts (psorbents) were synthesized and characterized. The later support revealed a conserved mesopore structure by SEM, TEM, SAXS and N2 isotherms. Trilinolenin (tri-18:3) quantification was explored by conversion to polyunsaturated fatty acid alcohols and methyl esters, Proton NMR spectroscopy and by non-aqueous reverse phase (NARP)-HPLC with evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). Tri-18:3 and its free fatty acid (FFA-18:3) were extracted selectively and quantified using a two-step methodology. The extraction of a-tocopherol with RTILS modified with organic anions was also successfully demonstrated. Finally, studies of chiral stationary phases with on-resin cyclic oligoprolines were demonstrated. Cross linking of linear oligoprolines was shown to disrupt the poly-proline helix (II) thus leading to lower number of analytes resolved. On-resin cyclic oligoproline synthesis was successful for penta- and tetraproline but failed for the triproline. PyBOP/HOBt/DIPEA was employed for effective cyclization. The on-resin cyclic oligoproline CSP showed a lower number of resolved analytes, implying the importance of the poly-proline helix for chiral selectivity. The innovative separations in this study serve as starting points for developing mature separation methods.

Depuis les années 90, les études portant sur les différentes zones HNLC ont permis d'étudier les effets biologiques et biogéochimiques qu'entrainaient les enrichissements artificiels ou naturels en fer. Il est maintenant bien documenté que l'enrichissement en fer induit des blooms phytoplanctoniques et notamment des blooms de diatomées. En dehors des diatomées, très peu d'informations sont disponibles concernant les autres groupes de protistes et en particulier les protistes hétérotrophes consommateur du phytoplancton. Ce travail a été effectué dans un contexte de fertilisation naturelle en fer, dans la région des îles de Kerguélen (Océan Australe) pendant la campagne KEOPS 2 (Kerguelen Ocean and Plateau compared Study 2) lors de l'initiation du bloom phytoplanctonique et s'est focalisé en particulier sur les protistes hétérotrophes. Des approches moléculaires (tag-pyroséquençages 454) et morphologiques (microscopie) ont été utilisées afin de caractériser la structure des communautés de protistes dans la zone de référence HNLC et dans les différents blooms phytoplanctoniques. l'approche moléculaire a permis (i) de caractériser les communautés de protistes présentes (ii) de mettre en évidence des différences notables entre les structures de protistes dans la région HNLC et la région naturellement enrichie en fer, mais également entre les différents blooms. Les observations microscopiques ont révélé des tendances similaires entre les différentes régions mais aussi des liens significatifs entre les communautés microzooplanctoniques et leurs proies phytoplanctoniques. Les observations microscopiques ont également fournis des valeurs de biomasses des différents compatiments qui ont permis d'estimer le potentiel du microzooplancton en tant que consommateur du phytoplancton ou en tant que source nutritive pour le mésozooplancton. Ce travail représente la première étude caractérisant la communauté des protistes planctoniques dans son ensemble dans un contexte de fertilisation naturelle en fer. / Since the 90s, studies on different HNLC areas allowed to investigated the biological and biogeochemical effects due to artificial or natural iron-enrichment. It is now well documented that iron enrichment induced phytoplankton blooms and more specifically diatom blooms. With the exception of diatoms, very few information is available concerning other protists groups e. g. heterotrophic protists which are consumers of phytoplankton.This work was performed is a natural iron-fertilization context in the Kerguelen Island area (Southern Ocean) during the KEOPS 2 (Kerguelen Ocean and Plateau compared Study 2) cruise at the beginning of the phytoplankton bloom and focused specifically on heterotrophic protists. Molecular (tag-pyrosequencing 454) and morphological (microscopy) approaches were used to characterize the structure of protist communities in the HNLC reference area and in the phytoplankton blooms. The molecular approach allowed (i) to provide a complete picture of the protist communities (ii) to evidence significant differences in protists structures between HNLC and the naturally iron-fertilized area, but also between the different blooms. Microscopic observation revealed similar trends between regions but also significant links between microzooplanctonic communities and their phytoplankton preys. Microscopic observations also provided biomass values from different compartments allowing an estimation of the potential of microzooplankton as phytoplankton consumer or as a nutrient source for mesozooplankton. Above all, this work represents the first study characterizing the global planktonic protists community in the context of natural iron fertilization.

Zugl.: Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universiẗat, Habil.-Schr., 2004/05.

El presente informe final de tesis muestra el diseño de un sistema de control de asistencia en la agencia mercado de la Caja Huancayo aplicando Tarjetas de proximidad de Tecnología RFID específicamente para mejorar el control de los registros de asistencia del personal de la Caja Huancayo con la finalidad de agilizar este proceso que actualmente se conlleva con malas prácticas de los colaboradores, el diseño planteado como solución se basó en la metodología de descomposición funcional que conllevó a el análisis e identificación de requerimientos y funcionalidades del sistema propuesto tanto a nivel de hardware y software así como al diseño de la solución en los diferentes niveles y/o aspectos, se llegaron a elegir y proponer los componentes del sistema luego de una comparativa: El Tipo de Tag, El Lector, etc., también se determinaron los tipos y niveles de accesos de los usuarios, el modelo de la base de datos así como los módulos de la aplicación: configuración del sistema, control de acceso, administración de usuarios, registro de visitantes, reportes y hasta una solución web basada en web services soportada por SOA, este diseño se sustenta con la flexibilidad y compatibilidad de los componentes a nivel de hardware así como la funcionalidad multiplataforma propuesta para el acceso y gestión de los datos que genere el sistema, finalmente se concluye que la implementación del sistema que propone el presente diseño permitirá un adecuado control de registros de asistencia del personal de la agencia mercado de la Caja Huancayo.

La technologie « Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) » est devenue de plus en plus répandue dans le déploiement de diverses applications, telles que le contrôle des stocks et la gestion de la chaîne d'approvisionnement. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une recherche systématique sur les problèmes de recherche liés au comptage et à la surveillance d’étiquettes RFID, deux composants fondamentaux dans les systèmes RFID, en particulier dans des systèmes à grande échelle. Ces problèmes sont simples à formuler et intuitivement compréhensible, tandis que tous les deux présentent des défis importants à la fois fondamentaux et pratiques, et exigent des efforts non négligeables à résoudre. Plus précisément, nous abordons les problèmes suivants allant de la modélisation et de l'analyse théorique, à la conception et l’optimisation de l'algorithme pratique. Pour poser les bases théoriques pour la conception et l'optimisation des algorithmes de comptage et la surveillance d'étiquette, nous commençons par étudier la stabilité de FSA. Techniquement, nous modélisons le “backlog’’ du système comme une chaîne de Markov, dont ses états sont la taille du “backlog’’ au début de chaque trame. Nous établissons ensuite un cadre générique d'estimation du nombre d’étiquettes RFID basée sur le filtre de Kalman pour des systèmes RFID statiques et dynamiques. Nous procédons en suite à résoudre le problème de détection des étiquettes manquantes, l'une des applications les plus importantes dans les systèmes RFID. Différent des travaux existants dans ce domaine, nous nous concentrons sur deux scénarios inexplorés mais fondamentalement importants, celui en présence d'étiquettes inattendues et celui des systèmes RFID multiple-région multi-groupe. Dans le premier scénario, nous développons un protocole à deux phases à base de filtre de Bloom. Dans le deuxième scénario, nous développons trois protocoles de détection d'étiquette manquante en intégrant une version améliorée de la conception du filtre Bloom. / Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been deployed in various applications, such as inventory control and supply chain management. In this thesis, we present a systematic research on a number of research problems related to tag counting and monitoring, one of the most fundamental component in RFID systems, particularly when the system scales. These problems are simple to state and intuitively understandable, while of both fundamental and practical importance, and require non-trivial efforts to solve. Specifically, we address the following problems ranging from theoretical modeling and analysis, to practical algorithm design and optimization. To lay the theoretical foundations for the algorithm design and optimization, we start by studying the stability of frame slotted Aloha. We model system backlog as a Markov chain. The main objective is translated to analyze the ergodicity of the Markov chain. We then establish a framework of stable and accurate tag population estimation schemes based on Kalman filter for both static and dynamic RFID systems. We further proceed to addressing the problem of missing tag detection, one of the most important RFID applications. Different from existing works in this field, we focus on two unexplored while fundamentally important scenarios, missing tag detection in the presence of unexpected tags and in multiple-group multiple-region RFID systems. In the first scenario, we develop a Bloom filter-based protocol. In the second scenario, we develop three protocols by incorporating an improved version of the Bloom filter design.